Petr Matějů
Biographic Data
| ID | 95897 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Petr Matějů |
| GIVEN NAMES | Petr |
| FAMILY NAME | Matějů |
| SIGNATURE | MATĚJŮ P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Sociology |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9985-4457 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 109 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Egalitarian vs. Inegalitarian Principles of Distributive Justice
The social distribution of beliefs and norms about the justice of economic equality and inequality is an important characteristic of the political landscape of any society. To the degree that major social and economic groups in a country differ among themselves in adherence to egalitarian vs. inegalitarian norms and beliefs, the potential for group conflict, of course, is heightened. The chapter addresses two general hypotheses derived from micro…
Returns to cognitive skills: New evidence from 14 nations
This study examines the role of cognitive skills on labor market outcomes in 14 developed countries. In contrast to standard Mincer-type regressions, we utilize a structural modeling approach that can take into account different types of skills on different economic outcomes. The results, based on data from the OECD PIAAC project, provide strong evidence that the income returns to adult cognitive skills are substantially large across the OECD, ne…
Beauty still matters: The role of attractiveness in labour market outcomes
The main objective of the study is threefold: first, to examine the role of attractiveness in the Czech labour market; second, to assess gender differences in returns of attractiveness; and third, to show that the positive association between attractiveness and earnings does not disappear even when cognitive skills, social background, occupational status and individual characteristics are controlled for. The study uses data from the first large-s…
Structural embeddedness of students’ professional expectations: The Czech Republic and Taiwan in comparative perspective
We compare the role of gender, socioeconomic background and measured ability on students’ secondary school placement and professional expectations in Taiwan and the Czech Republic, two countries that have experienced substantial reforms in their educational systems in the context of political change and economic development. Using data from the international PISA 2006 survey of 15-year-olds, our analysis reveals that Czech academic upper-secondar…
The role of basic values and education on women’s work and family preferences in Europe
Purpose Consistent with dual-process models of behaviour, Miles (2015) has shown that Schwartz’ basic values can provide a valuable framework for empirically analysing the role of values and cultural contexts in driving human behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this line of research by distinguishing individual values from macro-level values, as well as from other micro- and macro-conditions, in order to test whether individu…
Beauty Capital: The Role of Attractiveness in the Labour Market
The main objective of the paper is threefold: first, to examine the role of physical attractiveness in the labour market in the broader context of economic and sociological theory; second, to assess gender differences in returns to beauty; and third, to show that the empirical evidence on gender differences in returns to beauty that has to date prevailingly come from North America cannot be applied to Europe without further examination. We use da…
Are boys that bad? Gender gaps in measured skills, grades and aspirations in Czech elementary schools
This article examines gender gaps in academic performance (grades in mathematics and reading) between boys and girls of ninth-grade elementary schools in the Czech Republic. Our analysis is based on 2003 data from the Programme for International Student Assessment, encompassing the academic performance and family background of ninth-grade pupils. Similar to research on other countries, we find that girls strongly outperform boys in grades in Czec…
Skills, Education and Human Capital in the Czech Republic in tThe View of OECD-Piaac Survey
The 2011/12 survey PIAAC is analyzed regarding the formation of skills (literacy, numeracy and information technologies) by family background, gender and age, and regarding the relationships between skill levels and education of adult population in the Czech Republic. The impact of the family background was increasing and the chances of men and women to attain higher education have been reversed in the past: currently, women have twice as high a …
The Role of Values in Choosing between a Career and the Home: An International Comparison
The objective of this article is to theoretically and empirically link Catherine Hakim's preference theory to Shalom Schwartz's basic values theory and determine to what extent women's preferences in relation to employment and a career are supported by their value orientations. A related question, and one with policy relevance, concerns the role of education in women's deep-rooted preferences and individual concepts of life-success. A third quest…
Continuity and Change in Beliefs about Distributive Justice: The Czech Republic between 1991 and 2009
The article analyses changes in beliefs about distributive justice in the Czech Republic from 1991 to 2009 in an international comparative perspective. Based on previous analyses and published work, the article formulates the hypothesis that the process of crystallisation of the two main ideologies or norms of distributive justice, namely meritocratic and egalitarian ideologies, which was confirmed in analyses carried out from 1991 to 1995, conti…
Two Decades of Value Change: The Crystallization of Meritocratic and Egalitarian Beliefs in the Czech Republic
The Re-stratification of Czech Politics: Class Voting in the Czech Republic between 1992 and 2010
This article examines the development of class voting in the Czech Republic, 1992- 2010. While many Western countries have been experiencing declining or stable associations between class and electoral choice, we hypothesize that the trend in class voting should be quite different in the Czech Republic, and by extension, in other post-communist countries. We theorize that if a country is undergoing a process of re-stratification - the process in …
Student Financial Aid and Inequalities in Access to Higher Education in the Czech Republic and the Netherlands
This article focuses on the connection between financial aid systems in higher education and the development of inequalities in access to higher education. Although the student financial aid system is just one of a number of factors that influence a person's chances of studying in higher education, its role in a person's decision to pursue higher education may be of fundamental significance for those with lower socio-economic status. Therefore, t…
Rozdílné mechanismy - stejné nerovnosti. Změny v determinaci vzdělanostních aspirací mezi roky 1989 a 2003 [Different Mechanisms - the Same Inequalities. Changes in the Determinants of Educational Asp…
The article focuses on the changes in the determination of educational aspirations that took place in the Czech Republic during its social, political and economic transformation. The aim of the article is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the changes in the stratifi cation system after 1989, which were signifi cantly infl uenced by changes in the causal mechanisms behind the formation of educational aspirations. Those changes in the dete…
CHAPTER Fifteen The Czech Republic: Structural Growth of Inequality in Access to Higher Education
Determination of College Expectations in OECD Countries: The Role of Individual and Structural Factors
Renowned international experts in higher education fi nancing have argued that, owing to large government defi cits, tertiary education will not be able to open up and meet growing demand unless cost-sharing principles and effi cient student fi nancial aid programmes are introduced. Opponents of cost-sharing in higher education object that introducing tuition fees will raise inequality in access to higher education. Drawing on OECD data, and focu…
Interpersonal Trust and Mutually Beneficial Exchanges: Measuring Social Capital for Comparative Analyses
There are at least two significantly different approaches to the conceptualisation of social capital. Advocates of the most influential stream define social capital primarily as an attribute of societies, as an innate characteristic of the social environment based on the high degree of interpersonal and institutional trust facilitating people's co-operation. Adherents of the other stream define social capital in terms of mutually beneficial excha…
The Roots of the Socio-Psychological Model of Social Stratification
This article, published in connection with the recent death of Otis Dudley Duncan (16 November 2004), sets out to provide a critical summary of the development -from its beginnings in the 1960s up to its final revision and modification in 1983 -of the socio-psychological model of the status attainment process. The article not only looks at the classic model of the social stratification process of Blau and Duncan, but also examines the influence o…
Transition to University under Communism and after Its Demise. The Role of Socio-economic Background in the Transition between Secondary and Tertiary Education in the Czech Republic 1948-1998
The aim of this study is to assess the most recent trend in inequality in access to tertiary education in the Czech Republic. The authors put forward the hypothesis claiming that the period of stable inequalities in the years 1948-89 was followed by a period of growing inequalities during the post-communist transformation (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999). The study focuses primarily on the cultural and socio-econ…
The Role of the Family and the School in the Reproduction of Educational Inequalities. A Sociological Look at the Role of Multi-year Gymnasia in the Context of the Results of the Pisa 2000 Study
International studies indicate that one of the biggest problems that educational policy in the majority of post-communities countries must confront is the very strong influence that social background has on the study results of students, their educational aspirations, and consequently even their chances of continuing in studies upon completion of secondary school. This paper addresses the causes behind the high degree of social selectivity in Cze…
Marketing Democracy: Changing Opinion about Inequality and Politics in East Central Europe
Chapter 1 Introduction: Public Opinion and Political Change in the Postcommunist States Chapter 2 Bulgaria: Political and Economic Crisis Democratic Consolidation Chapter 3 Economic Justice in the Czech Republic Chapter 4 Russia: Changing Perceptions of Social Justice Chapter 5 Trends and Perceptions of Social Inequality in Hungary, 1991-1996 Chapter 6 Justice Ideologies, Perceptions of Reward Justice, and Transformation: East and West Germany in…
Rebuilding Status Consistency in a Post-communist Society. The Czech Republic, 1991–97
Equality by Design: The Grand Experiment in Destratification in Socialist Hungary. Szojna Szelényi , Karen Aschaffenburg , Mariko Lin Chang , Winifred Poster
Changes in Status Consistency in the Czech Republic 1991-1999
The paper deals with the development of status consistency in the Czech Republic between 1991 and 1999. First, we describe the relationships between education, occupation and income during the post-communist transition. Our analysis describes the strengthening of the relations between basic stratification measures. The described status crystallisation may, according to our hypotheses, result from the increased rates of social mobility, from chang…
Who Votes Left after the Fall of Communism: The Czech Republic in Comparative Perspective
The results of the Czech parliamentary election held in May 1996 were a surprise to many, due to a considerable increase of the proportion of votes cast for left-wing political parties, particularly for Czech Social Democracy. The principal objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of voting preferences for left-wing political parties in the Czech Republic compared to Hungary and Poland, countries in which the Left significantly impr…
Who Has Gotten Ahead After the Fall of Communism? The Case of the Czech Republic
Recent political, economic and social developments in East-European countries offer exceptional opportunities to study the effects of profound transfor-mations of political and economic systems on social stratification. However, in con-trast to a vital theoretical debate on political and economic issues of the post-communist transformation, theoretical reflections of changes in inequality and social stratification in post-communist countries have…
Transition to University under Communism and after Its Demise. The Role of Socio-economic Background in the Transition between Secondary and Tertiary Education in the Czech Republic 1948-1998
The aim of this study is to assess the most recent trend in inequality in access to tertiary education in the Czech Republic. The authors put forward the hypothesis claiming that the period of stable inequalities in the years 1948-89 was followed by a period of growing inequalities during the post-communist transformation (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999). The study focuses primarily on the cultural and socio-econ…
The Crystallisation of Political Attitudes and the Political Spectrum in the Czech Republic
The basic structural cleavages of post-communist society should, according to The party systems in central and eastern Europe were expected to structure themselves along axes ranging from authoritarians and opponents of the market at one end and liberals and supporters of the market at the other. The distribution of parties along these axes would be dependent on the level of industrialisation. Where economic development was already advanced, as i…
Social structure, spatial structure and problems of urban research: The example of Prague
Two Decades of Value Change: The Crystallization of Meritocratic and Egalitarian Beliefs in the Czech Republic
Turning Left or Class Realignment? Analysis of the Changing Relationship Between Class and Party in the Czech Republic, 1992-96
Beauty still matters: The role of attractiveness in labour market outcomes
The main objective of the study is threefold: first, to examine the role of attractiveness in the Czech labour market; second, to assess gender differences in returns of attractiveness; and third, to show that the positive association between attractiveness and earnings does not disappear even when cognitive skills, social background, occupational status and individual characteristics are controlled for. The study uses data from the first large-s…
Interpersonal Trust and Mutually Beneficial Exchanges: Measuring Social Capital for Comparative Analyses
There are at least two significantly different approaches to the conceptualisation of social capital. Advocates of the most influential stream define social capital primarily as an attribute of societies, as an innate characteristic of the social environment based on the high degree of interpersonal and institutional trust facilitating people's co-operation. Adherents of the other stream define social capital in terms of mutually beneficial excha…
The Re-stratification of Czech Politics: Class Voting in the Czech Republic between 1992 and 2010
This article examines the development of class voting in the Czech Republic, 1992- 2010. While many Western countries have been experiencing declining or stable associations between class and electoral choice, we hypothesize that the trend in class voting should be quite different in the Czech Republic, and by extension, in other post-communist countries. We theorize that if a country is undergoing a process of re-stratification - the process in …
Determination of College Expectations in OECD Countries: The Role of Individual and Structural Factors
Renowned international experts in higher education fi nancing have argued that, owing to large government defi cits, tertiary education will not be able to open up and meet growing demand unless cost-sharing principles and effi cient student fi nancial aid programmes are introduced. Opponents of cost-sharing in higher education object that introducing tuition fees will raise inequality in access to higher education. Drawing on OECD data, and focu…
Changes in Status Consistency in the Czech Republic 1991-1999
The paper deals with the development of status consistency in the Czech Republic between 1991 and 1999. First, we describe the relationships between education, occupation and income during the post-communist transition. Our analysis describes the strengthening of the relations between basic stratification measures. The described status crystallisation may, according to our hypotheses, result from the increased rates of social mobility, from chang…
Values and Electoral Decisions in the Czech Republic
This article is an attempt to identify the role of politically relevant values and attitudes in voting behaviour in the Czech Republic. In view of the results of earlier analyses, which show there has been a process of intense crystallization of left–right political axis of the Czech political spectrum, this paper aims to demonstrate the specific roles of declared and value-based left–right political orientations, the effects of external and inte…
Beauty Capital: The Role of Attractiveness in the Labour Market
The main objective of the paper is threefold: first, to examine the role of physical attractiveness in the labour market in the broader context of economic and sociological theory; second, to assess gender differences in returns to beauty; and third, to show that the empirical evidence on gender differences in returns to beauty that has to date prevailingly come from North America cannot be applied to Europe without further examination. We use da…
Are boys that bad? Gender gaps in measured skills, grades and aspirations in Czech elementary schools
This article examines gender gaps in academic performance (grades in mathematics and reading) between boys and girls of ninth-grade elementary schools in the Czech Republic. Our analysis is based on 2003 data from the Programme for International Student Assessment, encompassing the academic performance and family background of ninth-grade pupils. Similar to research on other countries, we find that girls strongly outperform boys in grades in Czec…
Who Votes Left after the Fall of Communism: The Czech Republic in Comparative Perspective
The results of the Czech parliamentary election held in May 1996 were a surprise to many, due to a considerable increase of the proportion of votes cast for left-wing political parties, particularly for Czech Social Democracy. The principal objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of voting preferences for left-wing political parties in the Czech Republic compared to Hungary and Poland, countries in which the Left significantly impr…
Family Background and Educational Attainment in Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands: The Analysis of Cultural and Economic Sources of Inequality in Comparative Perspective
(1989). Family Background and Educational Attainment in Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands. International Journal of Sociology: Vol. 19, Class Structure in Europe New Findings from East-West Comparisons of Social Structure and Mobility, pp. 72-103
Structural embeddedness of students’ professional expectations: The Czech Republic and Taiwan in comparative perspective
We compare the role of gender, socioeconomic background and measured ability on students’ secondary school placement and professional expectations in Taiwan and the Czech Republic, two countries that have experienced substantial reforms in their educational systems in the context of political change and economic development. Using data from the international PISA 2006 survey of 15-year-olds, our analysis reveals that Czech academic upper-secondar…
The role of basic values and education on women’s work and family preferences in Europe
Purpose Consistent with dual-process models of behaviour, Miles (2015) has shown that Schwartz’ basic values can provide a valuable framework for empirically analysing the role of values and cultural contexts in driving human behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this line of research by distinguishing individual values from macro-level values, as well as from other micro- and macro-conditions, in order to test whether individu…
The Role of the Family and the School in the Reproduction of Educational Inequalities. A Sociological Look at the Role of Multi-year Gymnasia in the Context of the Results of the Pisa 2000 Study
International studies indicate that one of the biggest problems that educational policy in the majority of post-communities countries must confront is the very strong influence that social background has on the study results of students, their educational aspirations, and consequently even their chances of continuing in studies upon completion of secondary school. This paper addresses the causes behind the high degree of social selectivity in Cze…
From Equality to Equity? The Czech Republic Between Two Ideologies of Distributive Justice
The principle objective of the paper is to uncover the interplay between egalitarian and inegalitarian norms and beliefs about distributive justice during the postcommunist transformation in the Czech Republic. Two theoretical perspectives, namely the "split-consciousness" theory (Kluegel and Smith) and the theory of dominant and challenging norms of distributive justice (Della Fave), are applied in comparative analysis of egalitarian and inegali…
Returns to cognitive skills: New evidence from 14 nations
This study examines the role of cognitive skills on labor market outcomes in 14 developed countries. In contrast to standard Mincer-type regressions, we utilize a structural modeling approach that can take into account different types of skills on different economic outcomes. The results, based on data from the OECD PIAAC project, provide strong evidence that the income returns to adult cognitive skills are substantially large across the OECD, ne…
The Roots of the Socio-Psychological Model of Social Stratification
This article, published in connection with the recent death of Otis Dudley Duncan (16 November 2004), sets out to provide a critical summary of the development -from its beginnings in the 1960s up to its final revision and modification in 1983 -of the socio-psychological model of the status attainment process. The article not only looks at the classic model of the social stratification process of Blau and Duncan, but also examines the influence o…
Rebuilding Status Consistency in a Post-communist Society. The Czech Republic, 1991–97
The Role of Politically Relevant Attitudes and Value Orientations in Electoral Decisions. The Czech Republic in 1996
Voting behaviour is generally not so much a matter of choosing one party out of a list of all parties on a ballot paper, but rather a choice between a much smaller number of acceptable parties. Typical voting behaviour may be supposed to be a choice between two parties. It is not a matter of a single important or dominant political attitude or value, but rather a complex process involving many different factors, some of which reinforce each other…
Winners and losers in the post‐communist transformation: The czech republic in comparative perspective
The gradual dismantling of redistributive practices as part of the transition to a market economy, together with an increase in wage, income, and wealth inequalities make those who actually profited (in relative terms) from the socialist redistribution feel like ‘losers’ of the transformation. Conversely, those who were relatively disfavoured by the communist redistributive policies and who feel strong today in the competition for better life‐cha…
Social structure, spatial structure and problems of urban research: The example of Prague
Family Background and Educational Attainment in Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands: The Analysis of Cultural and Economic Sources of Inequality in Comparative Perspective
(1989). Family Background and Educational Attainment in Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands. International Journal of Sociology: Vol. 19, Class Structure in Europe New Findings from East-West Comparisons of Social Structure and Mobility, pp. 72-103
Une révolution pour qui ? Analyse sélective de modèles de mobilité intragénérationnelle entre 1989 et 1992
Cet article entend contribuer à une meilleure appréhension du processus de transformation post-communiste. Le principal objectif de l'analyse des modèles de mobilité intragénérationnelle entre 1989 et 1992 est de savoir qui monte et qui descend l'échelle sociale durant la première phase de transformation. A long terme, la question des « gagnants » et des « perdants » du post-communisme est essentiellement celle du caractère du changement social e…
Egalitarian vs. Inegalitarian Principles of Distributive Justice
Who Has Gotten Ahead After the Fall of Communism? The Case of the Czech Republic
Recent political, economic and social developments in East-European countries offer exceptional opportunities to study the effects of profound transfor-mations of political and economic systems on social stratification. However, in con-trast to a vital theoretical debate on political and economic issues of the post-communist transformation, theoretical reflections of changes in inequality and social stratification in post-communist countries have…
From Equality to Equity? The Czech Republic Between Two Ideologies of Distributive Justice
The principle objective of the paper is to uncover the interplay between egalitarian and inegalitarian norms and beliefs about distributive justice during the postcommunist transformation in the Czech Republic. Two theoretical perspectives, namely the "split-consciousness" theory (Kluegel and Smith) and the theory of dominant and challenging norms of distributive justice (Della Fave), are applied in comparative analysis of egalitarian and inegali…
Winners and losers in the post‐communist transformation: The czech republic in comparative perspective
The gradual dismantling of redistributive practices as part of the transition to a market economy, together with an increase in wage, income, and wealth inequalities make those who actually profited (in relative terms) from the socialist redistribution feel like ‘losers’ of the transformation. Conversely, those who were relatively disfavoured by the communist redistributive policies and who feel strong today in the competition for better life‐cha…
Turning Left or Class Realignment? Analysis of the Changing Relationship Between Class and Party in the Czech Republic, 1992-96
The Role of Politically Relevant Attitudes and Value Orientations in Electoral Decisions. The Czech Republic in 1996
Voting behaviour is generally not so much a matter of choosing one party out of a list of all parties on a ballot paper, but rather a choice between a much smaller number of acceptable parties. Typical voting behaviour may be supposed to be a choice between two parties. It is not a matter of a single important or dominant political attitude or value, but rather a complex process involving many different factors, some of which reinforce each other…
The Crystallisation of Political Attitudes and the Political Spectrum in the Czech Republic
The basic structural cleavages of post-communist society should, according to The party systems in central and eastern Europe were expected to structure themselves along axes ranging from authoritarians and opponents of the market at one end and liberals and supporters of the market at the other. The distribution of parties along these axes would be dependent on the level of industrialisation. Where economic development was already advanced, as i…
Values and Electoral Decisions in the Czech Republic
This article is an attempt to identify the role of politically relevant values and attitudes in voting behaviour in the Czech Republic. In view of the results of earlier analyses, which show there has been a process of intense crystallization of left–right political axis of the Czech political spectrum, this paper aims to demonstrate the specific roles of declared and value-based left–right political orientations, the effects of external and inte…
Changes in Status Consistency in the Czech Republic 1991-1999
The paper deals with the development of status consistency in the Czech Republic between 1991 and 1999. First, we describe the relationships between education, occupation and income during the post-communist transition. Our analysis describes the strengthening of the relations between basic stratification measures. The described status crystallisation may, according to our hypotheses, result from the increased rates of social mobility, from chang…
Who Votes Left after the Fall of Communism: The Czech Republic in Comparative Perspective
The results of the Czech parliamentary election held in May 1996 were a surprise to many, due to a considerable increase of the proportion of votes cast for left-wing political parties, particularly for Czech Social Democracy. The principal objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of voting preferences for left-wing political parties in the Czech Republic compared to Hungary and Poland, countries in which the Left significantly impr…
Equality by Design: The Grand Experiment in Destratification in Socialist Hungary. Szojna Szelényi , Karen Aschaffenburg , Mariko Lin Chang , Winifred Poster
Rebuilding Status Consistency in a Post-communist Society. The Czech Republic, 1991–97
Marketing Democracy: Changing Opinion about Inequality and Politics in East Central Europe
Chapter 1 Introduction: Public Opinion and Political Change in the Postcommunist States Chapter 2 Bulgaria: Political and Economic Crisis Democratic Consolidation Chapter 3 Economic Justice in the Czech Republic Chapter 4 Russia: Changing Perceptions of Social Justice Chapter 5 Trends and Perceptions of Social Inequality in Hungary, 1991-1996 Chapter 6 Justice Ideologies, Perceptions of Reward Justice, and Transformation: East and West Germany in…
Transition to University under Communism and after Its Demise. The Role of Socio-economic Background in the Transition between Secondary and Tertiary Education in the Czech Republic 1948-1998
The aim of this study is to assess the most recent trend in inequality in access to tertiary education in the Czech Republic. The authors put forward the hypothesis claiming that the period of stable inequalities in the years 1948-89 was followed by a period of growing inequalities during the post-communist transformation (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999). The study focuses primarily on the cultural and socio-econ…
The Role of the Family and the School in the Reproduction of Educational Inequalities. A Sociological Look at the Role of Multi-year Gymnasia in the Context of the Results of the Pisa 2000 Study
International studies indicate that one of the biggest problems that educational policy in the majority of post-communities countries must confront is the very strong influence that social background has on the study results of students, their educational aspirations, and consequently even their chances of continuing in studies upon completion of secondary school. This paper addresses the causes behind the high degree of social selectivity in Cze…
The Roots of the Socio-Psychological Model of Social Stratification
This article, published in connection with the recent death of Otis Dudley Duncan (16 November 2004), sets out to provide a critical summary of the development -from its beginnings in the 1960s up to its final revision and modification in 1983 -of the socio-psychological model of the status attainment process. The article not only looks at the classic model of the social stratification process of Blau and Duncan, but also examines the influence o…
Interpersonal Trust and Mutually Beneficial Exchanges: Measuring Social Capital for Comparative Analyses
There are at least two significantly different approaches to the conceptualisation of social capital. Advocates of the most influential stream define social capital primarily as an attribute of societies, as an innate characteristic of the social environment based on the high degree of interpersonal and institutional trust facilitating people's co-operation. Adherents of the other stream define social capital in terms of mutually beneficial excha…
CHAPTER Fifteen The Czech Republic: Structural Growth of Inequality in Access to Higher Education
Determination of College Expectations in OECD Countries: The Role of Individual and Structural Factors
Renowned international experts in higher education fi nancing have argued that, owing to large government defi cits, tertiary education will not be able to open up and meet growing demand unless cost-sharing principles and effi cient student fi nancial aid programmes are introduced. Opponents of cost-sharing in higher education object that introducing tuition fees will raise inequality in access to higher education. Drawing on OECD data, and focu…
Rozdílné mechanismy - stejné nerovnosti. Změny v determinaci vzdělanostních aspirací mezi roky 1989 a 2003 [Different Mechanisms - the Same Inequalities. Changes in the Determinants of Educational Asp…
The article focuses on the changes in the determination of educational aspirations that took place in the Czech Republic during its social, political and economic transformation. The aim of the article is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the changes in the stratifi cation system after 1989, which were signifi cantly infl uenced by changes in the causal mechanisms behind the formation of educational aspirations. Those changes in the dete…
Student Financial Aid and Inequalities in Access to Higher Education in the Czech Republic and the Netherlands
This article focuses on the connection between financial aid systems in higher education and the development of inequalities in access to higher education. Although the student financial aid system is just one of a number of factors that influence a person's chances of studying in higher education, its role in a person's decision to pursue higher education may be of fundamental significance for those with lower socio-economic status. Therefore, t…
The Re-stratification of Czech Politics: Class Voting in the Czech Republic between 1992 and 2010
This article examines the development of class voting in the Czech Republic, 1992- 2010. While many Western countries have been experiencing declining or stable associations between class and electoral choice, we hypothesize that the trend in class voting should be quite different in the Czech Republic, and by extension, in other post-communist countries. We theorize that if a country is undergoing a process of re-stratification - the process in …
Political science (30 works) · Czech (20 works) · Economics (20 works) · Law (19 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Law (16 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Demographic economics (15 works) · Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies (13 works) · Politics (13 works)