Mariano Torcal
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 959742 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Mariano Torcal |
| NOMBRES | Mariano |
| APELLIDO | Torcal |
| FIRMA | TORCAL M |
| AFILIACIONES | Universitat Pompeu Fabra |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0060-1522 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 736 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 58 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1989 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamic Relationship Between Affective Polarization and Radical Right’s Emergence
Previous evidence highlights significant levels of animosity between supporters of radical right parties and those of other parties, contributing to overall affective polarization. However, there is limited understanding of the dynamics between the electoral emergence of radical right parties and affective polarization. We argue that out-party animosity is not only a potential consequence of radical right parties success but also a driver of thei…
Challenging by Cueing? An Investigation of Party and Leader Cueing Effects Across Mainstream and Challenger Party Voters
The emergence of new challenger parties calls for a reassessment of the party-model of opinion formation by examining different sources of cues across types of voters and the conditions that make cueing more effective. Although new challenger parties may lack sufficient time to develop identification with groups and distinctive party reputations, they may still provide effective cues and reduce their competitive disadvantage in developing affecti…
La dimensión materialista / postmaterialista en España. Las variables del cambio cultural
En esta nota de investigación se intenta hacer una aproximación y contrastación empírica para el caso español de las tesis defendidas por Ronald Inglehart acerca del cambio cultural que se viene efectuando en las sociedades industriales avanzadas, y que este autor intenta definir por medio de la dimensión materialista / postmaterialista
Ciudadanos y partidos en el sur de Europa
Este artículo explora las actitudes antipartidistas de los ciudadanos, un supuesto rasgo de las democraciasoccidentales tan frecuentemente aducido como escasamente estudiado. En el análisis empírico de cuatro paísesdel sur de Europa hemos encontrado que las orientaciones antipartidistas presentan dos dimensiones.Una de ellas, a la que hemos llamado antipartidismo «reactivo», parece cambiar en respuesta a circunstanciaspolíticas coyunturales. La o…
Actitudes hacia la democracia en España legitimidad, descontento y desafección
Este artículo examina las principales actitudes hacia la democracia en España durante las dos últimas décadas. Se han seleccionado numerosos indicadores empíricos para diferenciar tres facetas que suelen considerarse indistintamente, y por lo tanto confundirse de forma sistemática: la legitimidad democrática, el descontento político y la desafección política. En el artículo se analiza su evolución respectiva desde la transición democrática, y se …
Sistemas electorales en España
Los sistemas electorales adquieren una particular importancia en el desarrollo político e institucional de las nuevas democracias. En este artículo se examinan los aspectos más sobresalientes de los sistemas electorales que coexisten en la actualidad para el Congreso de los Diputados, los Parlamentos autonómicos y el Parlamento Europeo. La relevancia del caso español se encuentra reforzada por la ruptura con el pasado republicano, las circunstanc…
Elites, "cleavages" y sistema de partido en una democracia consolidada España (1986-1992)
Este artículo presenta dos argumentos fundamentales. primero, que, contrariamente a lo que caracterizaba al sistema de partidos en España hasta 1989, la clase social ha emergido como una variable manifiestamente influyente en la formación de las preferencias electorales entre los dos partidos mayoritarios de ambito estatal, el partido socialista español (psoe) y el partido popular (pp). segundo, esta importancia creciente de la clase social puede…
Conflicto democracia/autoritarismo y sus bases sociales en Chile, 1973-1995
En este artículo se estudian los cleavages sociales y la influencia de los legados políticos en el sistema departidos chileno durante el período posterior a la dictadura. A diferencia de los enfoques que se centran en argumentacionessociológicas para explicar la formación de los sistemas de partidos, en estas líneas se argumentaque la aparición de los cleavages en un sistema de partidos es producto de la agencia política, la cualpuede llegar a (r…
Análisis dimensional y estudio de valores
La hipótesis del cambio cultural es una de las más importantes entre las que han intentado encontrar una explicación al cambio electoral observado en las dos últimas décadas. El estudio de esta hipótesis para el caso español permite comprobar aspectos importantes ya no sólo relacionados con ella, sino sobre cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas de gran importancia en la Ciencia Política actual. En este trabajo se realiza una indagación sobre el núm…
Affective Polarization and Consensus Building Among Parliamentary Elites
This article presents evidence that political representatives in Spain exhibit significant levels of affective polarization, drawing on data from a 2022 to 2023 survey of Spanish Members of Parliament (MPs) in the national and regional parliaments. These attitudes, measured by affective social distance from supporters of other parties, hinder parliamentary agreements but only in regional parliaments, a tendency that is especially visible among le…
Warming up’ to populist leaders
What makes populist leaders, responsible for many episodes of democratic backsliding, especially appealing to a significant part of the electorate? In the following pages we argue that the effect of perceptions regarding leaders’ ‘warmth’ causes them to be perceived as having good intentions toward and even being part of ‘the people,’ resulting in a more positive overall evaluation among citizens with more critical views of democratic representat…
Ideological identity, issue-based ideology and bipolar affective polarization in multiparty systems
Social trust and affective polarization in Spain (2014-19)
One overlooked aspect of the rising levels of affective polarization is its effect on general social trust. In the present article, we analyze the relationship between affective polarization and various measures of social trust using two separate panel surveys that were implemented in Spain in two different political periods (2014–2015 and 2018–2019), in order to assess whether the individual variations in the levels of affective polarization may…
Twitter and Affective Polarisation
The present study addresses the effect of the discourse of elites on Twitter on citizens' affective polarisation through a quasi-experiment that was embedded in a survey panel. Participants were invited to follow one of the Twitter accounts of nine candidates from the main political parties during the 2019 European Parliament electoral campaign in Spain. Experiment compliance among participants was confirmed using web-tracking data (passive metre…
Affective Polarisation in Times of Political Instability and Conflict. Spain from a Comparative Perspective
This is an introductory article for a special issue on affective polarisation in Spain. After discussing the concept and its operationalisation in multi-party settings, we offer data on affective polarisation in Spain and Southern Europe from a comparative perspective using the Comparative National Election Project (CNEP) and Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES). In the second part, we pay special attention to the Spanish case, analysing…
Partisan Sentiments and Political Trust
This article seeks to gain a deeper understanding on the relationship between polarisation and political trust in multiparty systems by examining the effect of different indicators of affective and ideological polarisation on the within-individual variation of political trust over time. Using unique data collected from two separate online survey panels in Spain, our findings show that in multiparty contexts it is important to use two different me…
Ideological extremism, perceived party system polarization, and support for democracy
Does ideological polarization undermine or strengthen people’s principled support for democracy? In this study, we suggest that different manifestations of ideological polarization have different implications in this respect. Using data from 11 surveys conducted with representative samples of the adult populations of a group of liberal democratic countries, part of the Comparative National Elections Project, we look at how people’s level of ideol…
Responsiveness, Performance and Corruption
We test the importance of responsiveness, performance and corruption to explain the evolution of political trust in Spain between 1997 and 2019. To this end, the study analyses two longitudinal datasets, namely, a repeated cross-sectional dataset from the Spanish samples of Eurobarometer and an individual-level panel survey conducted during a period of economic recovery in 2015. The study finds that perceptions about political corruption and resp…
Zooming in on the ‘Europeanisation’ of national politics
This article empirically revisits and tests the effect of individual distance from parties on the EU integration dimension and on the left–right dimension for vote choice in both national and European elections. This analysis is based on the unique European Election Study (EES) 2014 survey panel data from seven EU countries. Our findings show that in most countries the effect of individual distance on the EU integration dimension is positive and …
Electoral coordination and party system institutionalization
A new theoretical development for examining the institutionalization of party systems is proposed in this article. We build on electoral coordination theories to disaggregate volatility into the vote transfers that occur between or towards parties that are in equilibrium (which we call endogenous volatility) and those that are not (exogenous volatility). The former captures accountability, and the latter reflects the number of voters who are not …
Congruence, national context and trust in European institutions
Supplementary materials files: online appendix; replication data
Trust across political conflicts
The implications of intergroup political conflicts for social cooperation are still an understudied topic. We report on two online survey experiments in which we implement multiple trust games to assess the impact of different political conflicts on trust behaviour in two national samples in Spain and Portugal. The results suggest that citizens’ social trust is heavily affected by partisanship, favouring in-group party members over out-group part…
Opinión pública y cambio electoral en España. Claves ante el reto europeo y la crisis política y económica
a intención de este volumen colectivo es tratar de mostrar la importancia que el proceso político ha tenido en el deterioro de las actitudes básicas de los españoles respecto al funcionamiento y confianza en instituciones democráticas nacionales y supranacionales (Unión Europea) durante la crisis iniciada en 2008. Dicho proceso ha generado una crisis de confianza que, asimismo, se ha convertido en el motor principal del cambio del comportamiento …
Opinión pública y cambio electoral en España
Deciding about the unknown
This article contributes to the literature on political heuristics by reporting two survey experiments conducted in Spain in 2014–2015 on party and ideology cues regarding preferences on a range of European Union and domestic issues in European and general elections. The findings reveal that party cues increase voters’ competence to take positions on European Union issues more than ideological ones. Cues increase competence in a similar fashion r…
The Political Recrafting of Social Bases of Party Competition
This article examines social cleavages and the impact of political legacies on Chile's post-authoritarian party system. In contrast to society-oriented approaches to party system formation, we argue that cleavage appearance in a party system depends on political agency, which can even (re)create social identities and social conflicts. The Chilean case illustrates this point; the structure of the party system is deeply influenced by distinctive po…
Institutional trust and multilevel government in the European Union
Does trust in national institutions foster or hinder trust in the institutions of the European Union (EU)? There is no agreement in the literature on popular support for the EU about the direction of the relationship between trust in national and European institutions. Some scholars argue that both will be positively related, others have proposed the opposite hypothesis: low levels of trust in national institutions will lead citizens to higher le…
The Decline of Political Trust in Spain and Portugal
This article deals with the problem of the increasing distrust in institutions in European democracies, paying special attention to countries such as Spain and Portugal, which are being severely harmed by the current economic crisis and the austerity measures imposed by supranational organizations such as the European Union and implemented by their respective national governments. Contrary to the purely political-economic paradigm, the present ar…
Affective Polarisation in Times of Political Instability and Conflict. Spain from a Comparative Perspective
This is an introductory article for a special issue on affective polarisation in Spain. After discussing the concept and its operationalisation in multi-party settings, we offer data on affective polarisation in Spain and Southern Europe from a comparative perspective using the Comparative National Election Project (CNEP) and Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES). In the second part, we pay special attention to the Spanish case, analysing…
Ideological extremism, perceived party system polarization, and support for democracy
Does ideological polarization undermine or strengthen people’s principled support for democracy? In this study, we suggest that different manifestations of ideological polarization have different implications in this respect. Using data from 11 surveys conducted with representative samples of the adult populations of a group of liberal democratic countries, part of the Comparative National Elections Project, we look at how people’s level of ideol…
Elite Strategy, Social Cleavages, and Party Systems in a New Democracy
Electoral studies of the Spanish party system have consistently noticed that social class has no influence on the vote. This paper will argue that social class has emerged as influential in determining the vote between the two major parties—the PSOE and PP. The development of these links between social class and political parties resulted from the strategic programmatic choice made by the political elites of both major parties since 1989 and the …
Word on the Street
Includes supplementary materials for the online appendix
Ideological identity, issue-based ideology and bipolar affective polarization in multiparty systems
Congruence, national context and trust in European institutions
Supplementary materials files: online appendix; replication data
Democracy in Spain
The Effects of Government System Fractionalization on Satisfaction With Democracy
Consensual-pluralistic institutional features of representative democracies have traditionally been associated with satisfaction with democracy (SWD). However, more recent studies report contradictory results on the effects of some of these institutional determinants on SWD. This article confirms these puzzling findings by showing that electoral proportionality increases SWD while other pluralistic factors such as government fractionalization pro…
Actitudes hacia la democracia en España
Este articulo examina las principales actitudes hacia la democracia en Espana durante las dos ultimas decadas. Se han seleccionado numerosos indicadores empiricos para diferenciar tres facetas que suelen considerarse indistintamente, y por lo tanto confundirse de forma sistematica: la legitimidad democratica, el descontento politico y la desafeccion politica. En el articulo se analiza su evolucion respectiva desde la transicion democratica, y se …
Teoria e institucionalização dos sistemas partidários após a terceira onda de democratização
Este artigo examina duas diferenças entre os sistemas partidários das democracias industriais avançadas e os de países menos desenvolvidos, particularmente em termos do nível de institucionalização. O argumento geral é que os sistemas partidários dos países menos desenvolvidos são menos institucionalizados. De modo mais específico, mostramos primeiro que a maioria das democracias e semi-democracias em países menos desenvolvidos têm uma volatilida…
The political and economic causes of satisfaction with democracy in Spain – a twofold panel study
Includes supplementary materials for the online appendix
Revisiting the Dark Side of Political Deliberation
Journal Article Revisiting the Dark Side of Political Deliberation: The Effects of Media and Political Discussion on Political Interest Get access Mariano Torcal, Mariano Torcal Mariano Torcal is a professor in the Department of Political and Social Sciences at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. Gerardo Maldonado is an assistant professor in the Division of International Studies at the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, M…
Trust across political conflicts
The implications of intergroup political conflicts for social cooperation are still an understudied topic. We report on two online survey experiments in which we implement multiple trust games to assess the impact of different political conflicts on trust behaviour in two national samples in Spain and Portugal. The results suggest that citizens’ social trust is heavily affected by partisanship, favouring in-group party members over out-group part…
The 2004 Spanish General Election
The Spanish general election of 2004 was held just three days after the tragic bombing in Madrid by an Islamic terrorist group linked to Al-Qaeda, on 11 March. The incumbent conservative party, the PP, was unexpectedly defeated at the polls by the socialist party, the PSOE, which won with a five percentage point advantage, whereas most forecasts had predicted a certain victory for the conservatives. In this article, we argue that the impact of th…
Social trust and affective polarization in Spain (2014-19)
One overlooked aspect of the rising levels of affective polarization is its effect on general social trust. In the present article, we analyze the relationship between affective polarization and various measures of social trust using two separate panel surveys that were implemented in Spain in two different political periods (2014–2015 and 2018–2019), in order to assess whether the individual variations in the levels of affective polarization may…
La institucionalización de los sistemas de partidos y la teoría del sistema partidista después de la tercera ola democratizadora
Este artículo examina tres diferencias esenciales entre los sistemas de partidos de las democracias industriales avanzadas y aquellos de los países menos desarrollados, dando una especial atención al problema de los distintos niveles de institucionalización de los sistemas de partidos. El argumento central es que los sistemas de partidos de las democracias de los países menos desarrollados están mucho menos institucionalizados. Primero, mostramos…
The 2006 Regional Election in Catalonia
This paper analyses the results of the 2006 autonomous election in Catalonia and their implications for Spanish politics. In accordance with the analytical framework provided by Hirschman (Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, Harvard University Press, 1970), and using individual and aggregated data, we show that demands shared by a significant number of voters were unsatisfied in this election, provoking an electoral market failure and a consequential rise …
Partisan Sentiments and Political Trust
This article seeks to gain a deeper understanding on the relationship between polarisation and political trust in multiparty systems by examining the effect of different indicators of affective and ideological polarisation on the within-individual variation of political trust over time. Using unique data collected from two separate online survey panels in Spain, our findings show that in multiparty contexts it is important to use two different me…
Electoral coordination and party system institutionalization
A new theoretical development for examining the institutionalization of party systems is proposed in this article. We build on electoral coordination theories to disaggregate volatility into the vote transfers that occur between or towards parties that are in equilibrium (which we call endogenous volatility) and those that are not (exogenous volatility). The former captures accountability, and the latter reflects the number of voters who are not …
Responsiveness, Performance and Corruption
We test the importance of responsiveness, performance and corruption to explain the evolution of political trust in Spain between 1997 and 2019. To this end, the study analyses two longitudinal datasets, namely, a repeated cross-sectional dataset from the Spanish samples of Eurobarometer and an individual-level panel survey conducted during a period of economic recovery in 2015. The study finds that perceptions about political corruption and resp…
Deciding about the unknown
This article contributes to the literature on political heuristics by reporting two survey experiments conducted in Spain in 2014–2015 on party and ideology cues regarding preferences on a range of European Union and domestic issues in European and general elections. The findings reveal that party cues increase voters’ competence to take positions on European Union issues more than ideological ones. Cues increase competence in a similar fashion r…
The role of political parties in shaping citizens’ political preferences for the territorial organization of the state
This article discusses how nationalist regional and state-wide parties, responding to different sub-national party systems dynamics, contribute similarly to interregional and individual public opinion disagreements about the model of the state in new, successfully decentralized democracies. Using individual survey data and other regional-level aggregate measures to perform a multilevel analysis in the 17 Spanish regions, we will show that both ty…
La dimensión materialista/postmaterialista en España
En esta nota de investigación se intenta hacer una aproximación y contrastación empírica para el caso español de las tesis defendidas por Ronald Inglehart acerca del cambio cultural que se viene efectuando en las sociedades industriales avanzadas, y que este autor intenta definir por medio de la dimensión materialista / postmaterialista
La Transición Democrática Española
Voters and Citizens in a New Democracy
General Franco's death in 1975 saw the end of a long dictatorship and the beginning of political changes of extraordinary importance. This article examines the most outstanding political attitudes of the Spanish people during the processes of transition and democratic consolidation. Using survey data from different sources, the authors try to trace the patterns of continuity and change which arise from the political indicators selected. The findi…
Análisis dimensional y estudio de valores
http://www.reis.cis.es/REISWeb/PDF/REIS_058_05.pdfLa hipótesis del cambio cultural es una de las más importantes entre las que han intentado encontrar una explicación al cambio electoral observado en las dos últimas décadas. El estudio de esta hipótesis para el caso español permite comprobar aspectos importantes ya no sólo relacionados con ella, sino sobre cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas de gran importancia en la Ciencia Política actual. En e…
Sistemas electorales en España
Los sistemas electorales adquieren una particular importancia en el desarrollo político e institucional de las nuevas democracias.En este artículo se examinan los aspectos más sobresalientes de los sistemas electorales que coexisten
Obras en castellano sobre el SPSS/PC
El SPSS/PC+ (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences/Personal Computer Plus) es uno de los programas informaticos de mayor difusion y utilizacion para el analisis estadistico de datos (especialmente util en el tratamiento de datos procedentes de encuestas), sobre todo en el campo de las ciencias sociales y humanas. Ha sido uno de los primeros preparados en version para microordenadores; la primera de ellas (SPSS/PC+ VI. 0) podia utilizarse en…
Elites, "cleavages" y sistema de partidos en una democracia consolidada
Este articulo presenta dos argumentos fundamentales. primero, que, contrariamente a lo que caracterizaba al sistema de partidos en Espana hasta 1989, la clase social ha emergido como una variable manifiestamente influyente en la formacion de las preferencias electorales entre los dos partidos mayoritarios de ambito estatal, el partido socialista espanol (psoe) y el partido popular (pp). segundo, esta importancia creciente de la clase social puede…
Democracy in Spain
Elite Strategy, Social Cleavages, and Party Systems in a New Democracy
Electoral studies of the Spanish party system have consistently noticed that social class has no influence on the vote. This paper will argue that social class has emerged as influential in determining the vote between the two major parties—the PSOE and PP. The development of these links between social class and political parties resulted from the strategic programmatic choice made by the political elites of both major parties since 1989 and the …
Actitudes hacia la democracia en España
Este articulo examina las principales actitudes hacia la democracia en Espana durante las dos ultimas decadas. Se han seleccionado numerosos indicadores empiricos para diferenciar tres facetas que suelen considerarse indistintamente, y por lo tanto confundirse de forma sistematica: la legitimidad democratica, el descontento politico y la desafeccion politica. En el articulo se analiza su evolucion respectiva desde la transicion democratica, y se …
Légitimité, mécontentement et désaffection dans les nouvelles démocraties le cas de l'Espagne
A partir de l'étude du cas espagnol, trois attitudes fondamentales vis-à-vis de la démocratie sont présentées ici. Sur la base d'indicateurs empiriques tirés de nombreuses enquêtes, il établit une distinction, d'une part, entre la légitimité démocratique et le mécontentement politique et, d'autre part, entre celui-ci (qui inclut l'indicateur classique d'insatisfaction à l'égard du fonctionnement de la démocratie) et la désaffection politique. L'é…
The Political Recrafting of Social Bases of Party Competition
This article examines social cleavages and the impact of political legacies on Chile's post-authoritarian party system. In contrast to society-oriented approaches to party system formation, we argue that cleavage appearance in a party system depends on political agency, which can even (re)create social identities and social conflicts. The Chilean case illustrates this point; the structure of the party system is deeply influenced by distinctive po…
Ciudadanos y partidos en el sur de Europa
Este artículo explora las actitudes antipartidistas de los ciudadanos, un supuesto rasgo de las democracias occidentales tan frecuentemente aducido como escasamente estudiado. En el análisis empírico de cuatro países del sur de Europa hemos encontrado que las orientaciones antipartidistas presentan dos dimensiones. Una de ellas, a la que hemos llamado antipartidismo "reactivo", parece cambiar en respuesta a circunstancias políticas coyunturales. …
El conflicto democracia/autoritarismo y sus bases sociales en Chile, 1973-1995
En este articulo se estudian los cleavages sociales y la influencia de los legados politicos en el sistema de partidos chileno durante el periodo posterior a la dictadura. A diferencia de los enfoques que se centran en argumentaciones sociologicas para explicar la formacion de los sistemas de partidos, en estas lineas se argumenta que la aparicion de los cleavages en un sistema de partidos es producto de la agencia politica, la cual puede llegar …
The 2004 Spanish General Election
The Spanish general election of 2004 was held just three days after the tragic bombing in Madrid by an Islamic terrorist group linked to Al-Qaeda, on 11 March. The incumbent conservative party, the PP, was unexpectedly defeated at the polls by the socialist party, the PSOE, which won with a five percentage point advantage, whereas most forecasts had predicted a certain victory for the conservatives. In this article, we argue that the impact of th…
Teoria e institucionalização dos sistemas partidários após a terceira onda de democratização
Este artigo examina duas diferenças entre os sistemas partidários das democracias industriais avançadas e os de países menos desenvolvidos, particularmente em termos do nível de institucionalização. O argumento geral é que os sistemas partidários dos países menos desenvolvidos são menos institucionalizados. De modo mais específico, mostramos primeiro que a maioria das democracias e semi-democracias em países menos desenvolvidos têm uma volatilida…
España
Party System Institutionalization and Party System Theory After the Third Wave of Democratization
The overarching argument of this paper is that the party systems of less developed countries are less institutionalized than those of the advanced industrial democracies. The paper examines three differences between the party systems of the advanced industrial democracies and party systems of less developed countries. First, we show that most democracies and semi-democracies in less developed countries have much higher electoral volatility than t…
Political Disaffection and Democratization History in New Democracies
Representative democratic regimes have spread out all over the countries of Southern Europe and the vast majority of countries in Asia, Latin America, and the former Eastern Europe. These ‘new democracies’ have very defined symptoms of political disaffection: lack of interest in politics; cynicism towards everything related to politics, institutions of representation and politicians; and a sense of alienation from all things political. Since the …
Political Disaffection in Contemporary Democracies
Norms of good citizenship
Normative political theorists have argued about good citizenship for centuries. From Aristotle to Alexis de Tocqueville and Walter Bagehot, civic virtues such as rationality, moral obligation to pursue the common good, social engagement, and political activism have been interpreted as prerequisites of a good society and a good polity (see, for example, Almond 1980; Walzer 1989). There is, however, still no generally acknowledged, uncontested mode…
The 2006 Regional Election in Catalonia
This paper analyses the results of the 2006 autonomous election in Catalonia and their implications for Spanish politics. In accordance with the analytical framework provided by Hirschman (Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, Harvard University Press, 1970), and using individual and aggregated data, we show that demands shared by a significant number of voters were unsatisfied in this election, provoking an electoral market failure and a consequential rise …
Electoral Coordination Strikes Again
This paper analyses the results of the 2008 general election in Spain. Using individual and aggregate data, we show that in 2008 voters' behaviour does not differ much from the previous national election in 2004. This indicates a certain level of continuity since 1993, with the exception of 2000 when the conservative Partido Popular gained an absolute majority due to an unusually low turnout. The 2008 elections also confirm the crucial role playe…
La institucionalización de los sistemas de partidos y la teoría del sistema partidista después de la tercera ola democratizadora
Este artículo examina tres diferencias esenciales entre los sistemas de partidos de las democracias industriales avanzadas y aquellos de los países menos desarrollados, dando una especial atención al problema de los distintos niveles de institucionalización de los sistemas de partidos. El argumento central es que los sistemas de partidos de las democracias de los países menos desarrollados están mucho menos institucionalizados. Primero, mostramos…
Estrategias para aumentar la tasa de respuesta y los resultados de la Encuesta Social Europea en España
El análisis de los datos de la tercera ola de la Encuesta Social Europea en España y su comparación con los de las dos olas precedentes permiten descubrir los factores que más han incidido en la mejora de los resultados y cuál es el perfil de las personas sobre las que es más rentable concentrar los esfuerzos de localización y de conversión de negativas, siendo las localizaciones y las conversiones las que, en definitiva, han constituido las prin…
Political science (53 obras) · Politics (33 obras) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (32 obras) · Law (31 obras) · Law (28 obras) · Sociology (23 obras) · Political economy (22 obras) · Economics (20 obras) · Humanities (19 obras) · Democracy (18 obras)