Jean-François Laslier
Biographic Data
| ID | 960965 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jean-François Laslier |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jean-François |
| FAMILY NAME | Laslier |
| SIGNATURE | LASLIER J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Paris School of Economics |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 43 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 132 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Choosing an electoral rule: Values and self-interest in the lab
We study the choice of multi-person bargaining protocols in the context of politics. In politics, citizens are increasingly involved in the design of democratic rules, for instance via referendums. If they support the rule that best serves their self-interest, the outcome inevitably advantages the largest group. In this paper, we challenge this pessimistic view with an original lab experiment, in which 252 subjects participated. In the first stag…
“Co-construction” in deliberative democracy: Lessons from the French Citizens’ Convention for Climate
Launched in 2019, the French Citizens' Convention for Climate (CCC) tasked 150 randomly chosen citizens with proposing fair and effective measures to fight climate change. This was to be fulfilled through an "innovative co-construction procedure", involving some unspecified external input alongside that from the citizens. Did inputs from the steering bodies undermine the citizens' accountability for the output? Did co-construction help the output…
Party preference representation
Political parties are key actors in electoral democracies: they organize the legislature, form governments, and citizens choose their representatives by voting for them. How citizens evaluate political parties and how well the parties that citizens evaluate positively perform thus provide useful tools to estimate the quality of representation from the individual’s perspective. We propose a measure that can be used to assess party preference repre…
Comparing voting methods: 2016 US presidential election
This paper presents data from a survey leading up to the 2016 US presidential elections. Participants were asked their opinions about the candidates and were also asked to vote according to three alternative voting rules, in addition to plurality: approval voting, range voting, and instant runoff voting. The participants were split into two groups, one facing a set of four candidates (Clinton, Trump, Johnson, and Stein) and the other a set of nin…
A solution to the two-person implementation problem
Designing preference voting
Choosing an Electoral Rule: Values and Self-Interest in the Lab
Citizens are increasingly involved in the design of democratic institutions, for instance via referendums. If they support the institution that best serves their self-interest, the outcome inevitably advantages the largest group and disadvantages minorities. In this paper, we challenge this pessimistic view with an original lab experiment in France and Great Britain. In the first phase, experimental subjects experience elections under plurality a…
Do Kantians Drive Others to Extinction
and Vito Volterra, theoretical biology has studied the dynamics of living species (see Berryman 1992 for an account of this history). The interaction between theoretical biology and game theory (Smith 1982) has also been fruitful, and-as a result of this interaction-a whole discipline of evolutionary game theory has emerged
Decision under psychological pressure: The shooter's anxiety at the penalty kick
L’étrange « jugement majoritaire »
Le « jugement majoritaire » est un mode de scrutin par évaluation qui choisit un candidat ayant la meilleure évaluation médiane. L’article est consacré à la question : que fait-on quand on choisit suivant la meilleure médiane ? Ce principe revient à déterminer quelle demi-population négliger pour satisfaire au mieux, dans le sens d’un compromis rawlsien, l’autre moitié. Il apparaît en contradiction avec la définition de la démocratie comme partic…
A mixed-utility theory of vote choice regret
The paper builds upon an original pre- and post-election survey that we conducted before and after the 2015 Canadian election. Directly after Election Day, we asked Canadians for which party they voted, and whether they regret their choice. We find that 39% of them are not perfectly happy with their decision, and 4% even say that they made a bad decision. We show that the propensity to regret can be explained by a mixed-utility theory, whereby vo…
La question du vote. Expérimentations en laboratoire et In Situ
Cet article est une revue de la littérature sur les expérimentations de vote qui étudient les comportements des votants et les propriétés des modes de scrutin. Tout d’abord, nous décrivons les expérimentations menées en laboratoire autour de trois aspects principaux : résultats agrégés selon le mode de scrutin, vote stratégique, paradoxe du vote. Nous abordons ensuite les expérimentations In Situ , typiques de l’étude expérimentale du vote, consi…
Ce que le vote par approbation révèle des préférences des électeurs français
Cet article vise à déterminer une répartition, le long d’un axe politique, des candidats à l’élection présidentielle de 2012 qui soit fondée sur les opinions exprimées par les électeurs à travers une expérimentation de vote par approbation, plutôt que sur un positionnement a priori . L’axe endogène représentatif du paysage politique obtenu s’avère correspondre à un axe gauche-droite classique. Cependant, des analyses plus précises du comportement…
Votes for Women: Electoral Systems and Support for Female Candidates
It is a well-established finding that proportional representation (PR) electoral systems are associated with greater legislative representation for women than single member systems. However, the degree to which different types of PR rules affect voting for female candidates has not been fully explored. The existing literature is also hampered by a reliance on cross-national data in which individual vote preferences and electoral system features a…
Electoral System and Number of Candidates: Candidate Entry Under Plurality and Majority Runoff
We know that electoral systems have an effect on the number of competing candidates. However, a mystery remains concerning the impact of majority runoff. According to theory, the number of competing candidates should be equal (or only marginally larger) under majority runoff than under plurality. However, in real-life elections, this number is much higher under majority runoff. To provide new insights on this puzzle, we report the results of a la…
Individual Behavior Under Evaluative Voting: A Comparison Between Laboratory and In Situ Experiments
Patterns of Strategic Voting in Run-Off Elections
Measuring Perceptions of Candidate Viability in Voting Experiments
Opportunist politicians and the evolution of electoral competition
Voting Experiments
Heuristic Voting Under the Alternative Vote: The Efficiency of “Sour Grapes” Behavior
Systèmes électoraux, qualité de la représentation: Qu’apporte la science économique à la science politique
Deux traits caractéristiques de la science économique moderne sont, d’une part, l’utilisation du modèle rationnel (les acteurs sont pas déterminés mais agissent suivant leurs raisons) et, d’autre part, l’attention portée aux questions normatives (quels sont les critères du « bien » collectif ?) et prescriptives (le chercheur se permet des recommandations). L’article démontre, à partir de quelques exemples, l’apport de ces attitudes intellectuelle…
Addressing Europe’s democratic deficit: An experimental evaluation of the pan-European district proposal
Many academics and commentators argue that Europe is suffering from a democratic deficit. An interesting proposal that has been put forward to address this problem is to elect some members of the European parliament in a pan-European district. In this article, we evaluate this proposal using an online experiment, in which thousands of Europeans voted on a pan-European ballot we created. We find that the voting behaviour of European citizens would…
Citizens’ preferences about voting rules: Self-interest, ideology, and sincerity
The EuroVotePlus experiment
This paper reports on an online experiment that took place in several European countries during the three weeks before the 2014 elections for the European Parliament. We created a website where visitors could obtain information about the electoral rules used in different European Member States for this election. Participants were then invited to cast (simulated) ballots for the election according to three voting rules: closed list proportional re…
Votes for Women: Electoral Systems and Support for Female Candidates
It is a well-established finding that proportional representation (PR) electoral systems are associated with greater legislative representation for women than single member systems. However, the degree to which different types of PR rules affect voting for female candidates has not been fully explored. The existing literature is also hampered by a reliance on cross-national data in which individual vote preferences and electoral system features a…
Who's favored by evaluative voting? An experiment conducted during the 2012 French presidential election
The EuroVotePlus experiment
This paper reports on an online experiment that took place in several European countries during the three weeks before the 2014 elections for the European Parliament. We created a website where visitors could obtain information about the electoral rules used in different European Member States for this election. Participants were then invited to cast (simulated) ballots for the election according to three voting rules: closed list proportional re…
Why not proportional
The Leader Rule: A Model of Strategic Approval Voting in a Large Electorate
The article considers Approval Voting for a large population of voters. It is supposed that voters evaluate the relative likelihood of pairwise ties among candidates based on statistical information about candidate scores. This leads them to vote sincerely and according to a simple behavioral rule we call the `Leader Rule'. At equilibrium, if a Condorcet-winner exists, this candidate is elected
Optimal Apportionment
This paper provides a theoretical foundation that supports the degressive proportionality principle in apportionment problems, such as the allocation of seats in a federal parliament. The utility assigned by an individual to a constitutional rule is a function of the frequency with which each collective decision matches the individual’s own will. The core of the argument is that, if the function is concave, then classical utilitarianism at the so…
Addressing Europe’s democratic deficit: An experimental evaluation of the pan-European district proposal
Many academics and commentators argue that Europe is suffering from a democratic deficit. An interesting proposal that has been put forward to address this problem is to elect some members of the European parliament in a pan-European district. In this article, we evaluate this proposal using an online experiment, in which thousands of Europeans voted on a pan-European ballot we created. We find that the voting behaviour of European citizens would…
To vote or to abstain? An experimental test of rational calculus in first past the post and PR elections
A mixed-utility theory of vote choice regret
The paper builds upon an original pre- and post-election survey that we conducted before and after the 2015 Canadian election. Directly after Election Day, we asked Canadians for which party they voted, and whether they regret their choice. We find that 39% of them are not perfectly happy with their decision, and 4% even say that they made a bad decision. We show that the propensity to regret can be explained by a mixed-utility theory, whereby vo…
Sorting Out Mechanical and Psychological Effects in Candidate Elections: An Appraisal with Experimental Data
Most of the literature about electoral systems is based on Maurice Duverger’s intuitions. Duverger claims that electoral systems have systematic effects (hence the well-known ‘laws’) on the structure of electoral competition. In particular, the plurality rule entails a two-party system whereas a majority run-off leads to multiparty competition. Duverger argues that this can be explained by the conjunction of two effects: a mechanical effect and a…
Party preference representation
Political parties are key actors in electoral democracies: they organize the legislature, form governments, and citizens choose their representatives by voting for them. How citizens evaluate political parties and how well the parties that citizens evaluate positively perform thus provide useful tools to estimate the quality of representation from the individual’s perspective. We propose a measure that can be used to assess party preference repre…
Citizens’ preferences about voting rules: Self-interest, ideology, and sincerity
Vote par approbation, vote par note: Une expérimentation lors de l'élection présidentielle du 22 avril 2012
À l’occasion du premier tour de l’élection présidentielle du 22 avril 2012, les électeurs de trois communes françaises ont été invités à tester in situ le vote par approbation et le vote par note, selon trois modalités distinctes réparties entre les bureaux expérimentés. Cet article a pour objet de présenter les résultats de cette expérimentation. Après correction des biais de participation et de représentation, deux enseignements principaux s’en…
Vote Au Pluriel: How People Vote When Offered to Vote Under Different Rules
This article reports on an Internet-based quasi-experiment that took place during the French 2012 presidential election. We designed a website where French voters could vote under different voting rules. Based on the observation of more than 8,000 participants, we find that a substantial minority (10% to 15%) vote differently under the different systems, with 17% of the voters not voting for their preferred candidate in the one-round election, th…
Spatial Approval Voting
This article provides a model for analyzing approval voting elections. Within a standard probabilistic spatial voting setting, we show that principal component analysis makes it possible to derive candidates' relative locations from the approval votes. We apply this technique to original experimental data from the French 2002 presidential election
L’étrange « jugement majoritaire »
Le « jugement majoritaire » est un mode de scrutin par évaluation qui choisit un candidat ayant la meilleure évaluation médiane. L’article est consacré à la question : que fait-on quand on choisit suivant la meilleure médiane ? Ce principe revient à déterminer quelle demi-population négliger pour satisfaire au mieux, dans le sens d’un compromis rawlsien, l’autre moitié. Il apparaît en contradiction avec la définition de la démocratie comme partic…
Une expérience de vote par assentiment lors de l'élection présidentielle française de 2002
Cet article relate une expérience réalisée sur le terrain lors du premier tour de l’élection présidentielle française d’avril 2002. Les électeurs de six bureaux de vote ont expérimenté le vote par assentiment. Nous présentons le déroulement de l’expérience, ses principaux résultats et quelques analyses fondées sur un modèle comportemental reliant le vote par assentiment au vote de premier tour. Les enseignements principaux sont les suivants : (i)…
Choosing an electoral rule: Values and self-interest in the lab
We study the choice of multi-person bargaining protocols in the context of politics. In politics, citizens are increasingly involved in the design of democratic rules, for instance via referendums. If they support the rule that best serves their self-interest, the outcome inevitably advantages the largest group. In this paper, we challenge this pessimistic view with an original lab experiment, in which 252 subjects participated. In the first stag…
Designing preference voting
Decision under psychological pressure: The shooter's anxiety at the penalty kick
Ce que le vote par approbation révèle des préférences des électeurs français
Cet article vise à déterminer une répartition, le long d’un axe politique, des candidats à l’élection présidentielle de 2012 qui soit fondée sur les opinions exprimées par les électeurs à travers une expérimentation de vote par approbation, plutôt que sur un positionnement a priori . L’axe endogène représentatif du paysage politique obtenu s’avère correspondre à un axe gauche-droite classique. Cependant, des analyses plus précises du comportement…
On choosing the alternative with the best median evaluation
La norme majoritaire
La norme majoritaire Une correspondance de choix définit, en fonction des préférences individuelles, un choix unique, ou un ensemble de choix possibles. On modélise ainsi des règles de décisions, comme la règle de Borda ou la règle de Kemeny-Young, ainsi que des critères de validité, comme le critère de Pareto. Dans le cas où seulement deux options sont possibles, le principe majoritaire définit bien une correspondance de choix ; l'article étudie…
K–Player Additive Extension of Two-Player games with an Application to the Borda Electoral Competition Game
Freedom in Economics: New Perspectives in Normative Analysis
This book presents a range of papers by philosophers and economists who consider the definition and value of liberty; freedom in rights and equality of opportunity. Until recently freedom has played no explicit role in the conceptual framework of economists, however freedom seems to be at the heart of economics. The book provides a substantial contribution to the fruitful dialogue between the philosophy and economics in this area. Each chapter is…
Une expérience de vote par assentiment lors de l'élection présidentielle française de 2002
Cet article relate une expérience réalisée sur le terrain lors du premier tour de l’élection présidentielle française d’avril 2002. Les électeurs de six bureaux de vote ont expérimenté le vote par assentiment. Nous présentons le déroulement de l’expérience, ses principaux résultats et quelques analyses fondées sur un modèle comportemental reliant le vote par assentiment au vote de premier tour. Les enseignements principaux sont les suivants : (i)…
Spatial Approval Voting
This article provides a model for analyzing approval voting elections. Within a standard probabilistic spatial voting setting, we show that principal component analysis makes it possible to derive candidates' relative locations from the approval votes. We apply this technique to original experimental data from the French 2002 presidential election
Économie et cognition
Depuis ses origines, l'économie est définie au sens large comme la discipline qui étudie les processus de coordination entre les actions d'un certain nombre d'acteurs supposés rationnels. Apparue dans la dernière décennie, l'économie cognitive a pour objet plus spécifique d'étudier les croyances et les raisonnements des acteurs placés dans un contexte d'interaction dynamique. Au niveau individuel, elle entre dans la boîte noire du cerveau humain …
The Leader Rule: A Model of Strategic Approval Voting in a Large Electorate
The article considers Approval Voting for a large population of voters. It is supposed that voters evaluate the relative likelihood of pairwise ties among candidates based on statistical information about candidate scores. This leads them to vote sincerely and according to a simple behavioral rule we call the `Leader Rule'. At equilibrium, if a Condorcet-winner exists, this candidate is elected
Handbook on Approval Voting
Strategic, sincere, and heuristic voting under four election rules: An experimental study
Why not proportional
On choosing the alternative with the best median evaluation
Optimal Apportionment
This paper provides a theoretical foundation that supports the degressive proportionality principle in apportionment problems, such as the allocation of seats in a federal parliament. The utility assigned by an individual to a constitutional rule is a function of the frequency with which each collective decision matches the individual’s own will. The core of the argument is that, if the function is concave, then classical utilitarianism at the so…
Sorting Out Mechanical and Psychological Effects in Candidate Elections: An Appraisal with Experimental Data
Most of the literature about electoral systems is based on Maurice Duverger’s intuitions. Duverger claims that electoral systems have systematic effects (hence the well-known ‘laws’) on the structure of electoral competition. In particular, the plurality rule entails a two-party system whereas a majority run-off leads to multiparty competition. Duverger argues that this can be explained by the conjunction of two effects: a mechanical effect and a…
Vote Au Pluriel: How People Vote When Offered to Vote Under Different Rules
This article reports on an Internet-based quasi-experiment that took place during the French 2012 presidential election. We designed a website where French voters could vote under different voting rules. Based on the observation of more than 8,000 participants, we find that a substantial minority (10% to 15%) vote differently under the different systems, with 17% of the voters not voting for their preferred candidate in the one-round election, th…
Stubborn learning
Vote par approbation, vote par note: Une expérimentation lors de l'élection présidentielle du 22 avril 2012
À l’occasion du premier tour de l’élection présidentielle du 22 avril 2012, les électeurs de trois communes françaises ont été invités à tester in situ le vote par approbation et le vote par note, selon trois modalités distinctes réparties entre les bureaux expérimentés. Cet article a pour objet de présenter les résultats de cette expérimentation. Après correction des biais de participation et de représentation, deux enseignements principaux s’en…
Who's favored by evaluative voting? An experiment conducted during the 2012 French presidential election
To vote or to abstain? An experimental test of rational calculus in first past the post and PR elections
Citizens’ preferences about voting rules: Self-interest, ideology, and sincerity
The EuroVotePlus experiment
This paper reports on an online experiment that took place in several European countries during the three weeks before the 2014 elections for the European Parliament. We created a website where visitors could obtain information about the electoral rules used in different European Member States for this election. Participants were then invited to cast (simulated) ballots for the election according to three voting rules: closed list proportional re…
Electoral System and Number of Candidates: Candidate Entry Under Plurality and Majority Runoff
We know that electoral systems have an effect on the number of competing candidates. However, a mystery remains concerning the impact of majority runoff. According to theory, the number of competing candidates should be equal (or only marginally larger) under majority runoff than under plurality. However, in real-life elections, this number is much higher under majority runoff. To provide new insights on this puzzle, we report the results of a la…
Individual Behavior Under Evaluative Voting: A Comparison Between Laboratory and In Situ Experiments
Patterns of Strategic Voting in Run-Off Elections
Measuring Perceptions of Candidate Viability in Voting Experiments
Opportunist politicians and the evolution of electoral competition
Political science (37 works) · Game Theory and Voting Systems (30 works) · Law (29 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (27 works) · Voting (26 works) · Computer Science (22 works) · Economics (22 works) · Politics (21 works) · Law (17 works) · Mathematical economics (13 works)