Efraín García-Sánchez
Biographic Data
| ID | 96105 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Efraín García-Sánchez |
| GIVEN NAMES | Efraín |
| FAMILY NAME | García-Sánchez |
| SIGNATURE | GARCÍA-SÁNCHEZ E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad de Granada |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8097-5822 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 81 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Affective Polarization and Political Belief Systems: The Role of Political Identity and the Content and Structure of Political Beliefs
We investigate the extent that political identity, political belief content (i.e., attitude stances), and political belief system structure (i.e., relations among attitudes) differences are associated with affective polarization (i.e., viewing ingroup partisans positively and outgroup partisans negatively) in two multinational, cross-sectional studies (Study 1 N = 4,152, Study 2 N = 29,994). First, we found a large, positive association between p…
Overlapping Inequalities: Connecting Income Inequality With Health and Education Disparities Motivates Its Reduction
People often justify income disparities. But what if these disparities create inequality in access to health care or higher education? Across four studies, we aimed to investigate whether perceiving income inequality overlap with health and education could lead to lesser acceptance of economic inequality and greater support for actions to reduce it. In Study 1 ( N = 320), we found that perceived overlap predicted lower acceptance of economic ineq…
Economic Inequality and Unfairness Evaluations of Income Distribution Negatively Predict Political and Social Trust: Evidence From Latin America Over 23 Years
Research has produced mixed results on the relationship between economic inequality and social and political trust. These studies overrepresent developed countries, cross-sectional designs, and overlook the role of subjective evaluations of inequality. We use 13 waves from 18 Latin American countries over 23 years (above 250,000 participants) to examine the association between structural inequality and fairness evaluations with political and soci…
Effects of socioeconomic status on right-wing voting intentions: The mediating role of economic ideology, perceived threats, and national identity
Low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals vote for left-wing parties on economic grounds and right-wing parties on cultural grounds, while high SES individuals exhibit the opposite pattern. Various psychological mechanisms may explain this pattern. Using data from 9 European countries ( n = 8,750), we quantified the mediating role of economic system justification, economic and symbolic threats, anti-immigrant attitudes, and national identificati…
Posttraumatic stress symptoms negatively affect executive functioning: Evidence from internally displaced Colombian adolescents
Inequality and Status Anxiety: Bad Allies of Health and Well-Being, but not for Everyone. The Role of Ideologies, Socioeconomic Status, and Economic Threat
Economic inequality has been proposed to be linked to lower subjective health and well-being through enhanced status anxiety, but evidence is mixed. We propose that the effects of economic inequality on status anxiety, health and well-being depend on how people perceive it and how threatening it is to them. This paper analyses the effects of perceived economic inequality—in general and in everyday life—on status anxiety, health and well-being, an…
Beyond Income Disparities: Perceived Health and Education Inequities Drive Actions to Reduce Economic Inequality
Perceiving income disparities has a limited impact on attitudes towards reducing economic inequality. In this research, we proposed a novel and alternative strategy by focusing on other aspects intrinsically related to economic inequality, such as unequal access to health and education resources. We investigated whether recognizing inequality in health and education, beyond income disparities, could motivate people to reduce economic inequality. …
Individual values predict desiring more economic inequality: The moderator role of social mobility
Attitudes towards economic inequality are crucial to uphold structural economic inequality in democratic societies. Previous research has shown that socioeconomic status, political ideology, and the objective level of economic inequality associated with individuals' attitudes towards economic inequality. However, some have suggested that people are aware of the individual and social features that are more functional according to the level of econ…
When and How Information About Economic Inequality Affects Attitudes Towards Redistribution
Perceived Economic Inequality Is Negatively Associated with Subjective Well-being through Status Anxiety and Social Trust
Concerns About Inequality in Health, Education and Income Jointly Predict Collective Actions
Introduction: Income inequality is often tolerated and justified, but when it brings about disparities in other domains of life (e.g., health or education), it may be seen with different eyes. In this research, we aimed to explore concerns regarding economic inequality in health, education, and income, and its relationship to supporting collective actions to reduce inequality. Method: We used survey data (N = 20,204, 18 countries) from the Latino…
Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countrie…
The psychosocial effects of economic inequality depend on its perception
Refletindo sobre o trabalho de campo no Judiciário: Quando a realização da pesquisa se torna um dado
Este trabalho analisa as experiências de seis pesquisadores durante pesquisa de campo em Audiências de Custódia na cidade de São Paulo em 2019. Aspectos como as dificuldades de acesso ao Fórum, a indiferença dos juízes e relatos de intimidação narrados pelos pesquisadores indicam que embora existam regulações formais das audiências, coexistem processos de personificação da lei e dos procedimentos conduzidos pelos magistrados que por vezes contrad…
The perception of economic inequality in everyday life: My friends with the most and least money
The study of perceived economic differences in everyday life is relevant to deepening knowledge of how inequality shapes psychological processes. In the current research, Spanish undergraduates ( N = 547) were asked what their friends with the most and least money could do with their resources. Using a qualitative and quantitative approach, we performed a content analysis of the 1,085 open‐ended responses given, ran latent class analyses with the…
How Fair is Economic Inequality? Belief in a Just World and the Legitimation of Economic Disparities in 27 European Countries
This article aims to examine the role of Belief in a Just World (BJW) in the legitimation of economic inequality. Using data from 27 European countries ( N=47,086), we conducted multilevel analyses and found that BJW positively predicted the legitimation of economic inequality, measured by three indicators: the perceived fairness of the overall wealth inequality, and the fairness of the earnings made by the Top 10% and the Bottom 10% of society. …
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autoritarismo de Derechas en población colombiana
En este artículo se presenta la adaptación de una versión reducida de la escala de autoritarismo de derechas (RWA) en Colombia. En el Estudio 1 (n=417) se realizó un análisis fac-torial exploratorio para identificar las dimensiones de la escala; y en el Estudio 2 (n=396), se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio en donde se analizó la validez divergente/convergente de la escala. El estudio aporta evidencia empírica a favor de las propiedade…
The Two Faces of Support for Redistribution in Colombia: Taxing the Wealthy or Assisting People in Need
Support for redistribution is crucial for reducing economic inequality. Despite people's desire for reducing extreme inequalities, they still have mixed opinions regarding how to do so. The aim of the article is to examine the underlying latent dimensions of support for redistribution and test its correlates to perceptions of and attitudes toward inequality. In two studies, we found that support for redistribution can be modeled as a latent const…
The exercise of authority during interactions in custody hearings in São Paulo (Brazil): Building legitimacy through exclusion
In Brazil, the Custody Hearing is a legal device established in 2015 to safeguard the rights of people arrested in flagrante delicto by the police. In an attempt to prevent the indiscriminate use of preventive detentions in the country, the custody hearings were created for the potential effects that an in-person meeting may have on the flow of the Criminal Justice System. While the recent literature on criminology has produced significant empiri…
Las creencias que justifican la desigualdad moderan la relación entre el estatus socioeconómico y el apoyo a la redistribución
Este artículo examina la interacción entre el estatus socioeconómico y las creencias que justifican la desigualdad en lo relativo al apoyo a la redistribución. Utilizando datos de una encuesta de São Paulo (Brasil) (N=928), encontramos que el apoyo a la redistribución estuvo negativamente asociado con el estatus socioeconómico subjetivo; pero estuvo positivamente relacionada con el estatus socioeconómico objetivo. Además, las creencias que justif…
Perceived Economic Inequality Measures and Their Association With Objective Inequality and Redistributive Preferences
Perceptions of economic inequality (PEI) play a central role in people's responses to inequality. We aim to examine the consistency between different PEI measures (income gaps, diagrammatic figures, experienced downward and upward disparities), their relationship with objective inequality, and their association with redistributive preferences. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme 2019 ( N = 34,387, 22 countries), we performed…
Percepción de desigualdad económica en la vida cotidiana e ideología política: Un estudio con jóvenes de España
In this study, we analyze the perception of economic inequality in everyday life in Spain based on political ideology. Using content analysis techniques, we processed 705 open-ended responses from 290 people and used network analysis to examine the relationships between the categories identified. We found that economic inequality is perceived primarily as social comparison and relative deprivation between individuals/groups. However, it is percei…
Fact-checking on Twitter: An analysis of the hashtag #StopBulos
The fact-checking is an important tool to improve the quality of the information that circulates in virtual networks. Although there are different fact-checking verification agencies, we also found some more informal strategies such as the use of the hashtag #Stopbulos. Thus, this research aims to characterize the #StopBulos hashtag on Twitter as a way to verify information and control the spread of fake news. The results showed that there was di…
Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data …
Political discourses, ideologies, and online coalitions in the Brazilian Congress on Twitter during 2019
The aim of this research is to describe the pattern of interactions of Brazilian legislators on Twitter during 2019 in the construction of political discourses. Based on 20,076 replies during 2019, posted on Twitter by 514 Brazilian legislators, we conducted descriptive analysis of legislators’ Twitter profiles, social network analyses from their interactions, and content analysis of the messages. We found that (1) there are large disparities bet…
How racism discourse can mobilize right‐wing populism: The construction of identity and alliance in reactions to Ukip 's B rexit “ B reaking P oint” campaign
This article studies the interactional functions of racism discourse in mobilizing support for right‐wing populism. The analysis focuses on the controversy surrounding UKIP's “Breaking Point” poster campaign, which launched days before the historic British EU referendum. We focus on the development of “tripolar relations” between the UKIP party leadership, mainstream political elites, and ordinary citizens. Using thematic discourse analysis, we s…
Country‐level and individual‐level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries
Men sometimes withdraw support for gender equality movements when their higher gender status is threatened. Here, we expand the focus of this phenomenon by examining it cross‐culturally, to test if both individual‐ and country‐level variables predict men's collective action intentions to support gender equality. We tested a model in which men's zero‐sum beliefs about gender predict reduced collective action intentions via an increase in hostile s…
The role of police contact and neighborhood experiences on legal socialization: Longitudinal evidence from adolescents in Brazil
The legal socialization framework emphasizes the importance of adolescents’ encounters with police. We examine how different types of police contact and neighborhood experiences are linked to the legal socialization process among adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil. Drawing on 669 participants across three waves of panel data from the São Paulo Legal Socialization Study, results from the multilevel longitudinal model revealed that within‐pers…
Perceptions of Economic Inequality and Support for Redistribution: The role of Existential and Utopian Standards
Legitimacy Moderates the Relation Between Perceived and Ideal Economic Inequalities
The Two Faces of Support for Redistribution in Colombia: Taxing the Wealthy or Assisting People in Need
Support for redistribution is crucial for reducing economic inequality. Despite people's desire for reducing extreme inequalities, they still have mixed opinions regarding how to do so. The aim of the article is to examine the underlying latent dimensions of support for redistribution and test its correlates to perceptions of and attitudes toward inequality. In two studies, we found that support for redistribution can be modeled as a latent const…
Perceived Economic Inequality Is Negatively Associated with Subjective Well-being through Status Anxiety and Social Trust
Perceived Economic Inequality Measures and Their Association With Objective Inequality and Redistributive Preferences
Perceptions of economic inequality (PEI) play a central role in people's responses to inequality. We aim to examine the consistency between different PEI measures (income gaps, diagrammatic figures, experienced downward and upward disparities), their relationship with objective inequality, and their association with redistributive preferences. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme 2019 ( N = 34,387, 22 countries), we performed…
Percepción de desigualdad económica en la vida cotidiana e ideología política: Un estudio con jóvenes de España
In this study, we analyze the perception of economic inequality in everyday life in Spain based on political ideology. Using content analysis techniques, we processed 705 open-ended responses from 290 people and used network analysis to examine the relationships between the categories identified. We found that economic inequality is perceived primarily as social comparison and relative deprivation between individuals/groups. However, it is percei…
Political discourses, ideologies, and online coalitions in the Brazilian Congress on Twitter during 2019
The aim of this research is to describe the pattern of interactions of Brazilian legislators on Twitter during 2019 in the construction of political discourses. Based on 20,076 replies during 2019, posted on Twitter by 514 Brazilian legislators, we conducted descriptive analysis of legislators’ Twitter profiles, social network analyses from their interactions, and content analysis of the messages. We found that (1) there are large disparities bet…
Inequality and Status Anxiety: Bad Allies of Health and Well-Being, but not for Everyone. The Role of Ideologies, Socioeconomic Status, and Economic Threat
Economic inequality has been proposed to be linked to lower subjective health and well-being through enhanced status anxiety, but evidence is mixed. We propose that the effects of economic inequality on status anxiety, health and well-being depend on how people perceive it and how threatening it is to them. This paper analyses the effects of perceived economic inequality—in general and in everyday life—on status anxiety, health and well-being, an…
The exercise of authority during interactions in custody hearings in São Paulo (Brazil): Building legitimacy through exclusion
In Brazil, the Custody Hearing is a legal device established in 2015 to safeguard the rights of people arrested in flagrante delicto by the police. In an attempt to prevent the indiscriminate use of preventive detentions in the country, the custody hearings were created for the potential effects that an in-person meeting may have on the flow of the Criminal Justice System. While the recent literature on criminology has produced significant empiri…
Las creencias que justifican la desigualdad moderan la relación entre el estatus socioeconómico y el apoyo a la redistribución
Este artículo examina la interacción entre el estatus socioeconómico y las creencias que justifican la desigualdad en lo relativo al apoyo a la redistribución. Utilizando datos de una encuesta de São Paulo (Brasil) (N=928), encontramos que el apoyo a la redistribución estuvo negativamente asociado con el estatus socioeconómico subjetivo; pero estuvo positivamente relacionada con el estatus socioeconómico objetivo. Además, las creencias que justif…
Digital Ethnography and the Social Dimension of Introspection: An Empirical Study in Two Colombian Schools
Legitimacy Moderates the Relation Between Perceived and Ideal Economic Inequalities
How racism discourse can mobilize right‐wing populism: The construction of identity and alliance in reactions to Ukip 's B rexit “ B reaking P oint” campaign
This article studies the interactional functions of racism discourse in mobilizing support for right‐wing populism. The analysis focuses on the controversy surrounding UKIP's “Breaking Point” poster campaign, which launched days before the historic British EU referendum. We focus on the development of “tripolar relations” between the UKIP party leadership, mainstream political elites, and ordinary citizens. Using thematic discourse analysis, we s…
Perceptions of Economic Inequality and Support for Redistribution: The role of Existential and Utopian Standards
The Vicious Cycle of Economic Inequality: The Role of Ideology in Shaping the Relationship Between “What Is” and “What Ought to Be” in 41 Countries
People’s desired levels of inequality are informed by the levels of inequality they perceive to exist. Perceived economic inequality is used as a reference point in determining people’s ideal level of inequality. However, recent research has suggested that the strength of this relationship depends on people’s endorsement of system-justifying beliefs. The current article extends this body of research by replicating these findings across 41 countri…
Attitudes towards redistribution and the interplay between perceptions and beliefs about inequality
Although economic inequality has increased over the last few decades, support for redistributive policies is not widely accepted by the public. In this paper, we examine whether attitudes towards redistribution are a product of both perceptions of, and beliefs about, inequality. Specifically, we argue that the association between perceived inequality and support for redistribution varies by beliefs that justify inequality. We investigated this hy…
Adaptation and validation of the Self-Censorship Orientation (SCO) scale into Spanish (Adaptación y validación de la escala de Orientación a la Autocensura (OAC) al español)
Self-censorship orientation — that is, the preference to hide truthful information — is determined by multiple individual, group and contextual factors which can either generate negative consequences or subvert information flows. Due to the social relevance that self-censorship can have, this study aims to adapt and provide evidence of validity of the measures provided by the Spanish version of the Self-Censorship Orientation (SCO) scale. To do s…
Country‐level and individual‐level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries
Men sometimes withdraw support for gender equality movements when their higher gender status is threatened. Here, we expand the focus of this phenomenon by examining it cross‐culturally, to test if both individual‐ and country‐level variables predict men's collective action intentions to support gender equality. We tested a model in which men's zero‐sum beliefs about gender predict reduced collective action intentions via an increase in hostile s…
Fact-checking on Twitter: An analysis of the hashtag #StopBulos
The fact-checking is an important tool to improve the quality of the information that circulates in virtual networks. Although there are different fact-checking verification agencies, we also found some more informal strategies such as the use of the hashtag #Stopbulos. Thus, this research aims to characterize the #StopBulos hashtag on Twitter as a way to verify information and control the spread of fake news. The results showed that there was di…
Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data …
Political discourses, ideologies, and online coalitions in the Brazilian Congress on Twitter during 2019
The aim of this research is to describe the pattern of interactions of Brazilian legislators on Twitter during 2019 in the construction of political discourses. Based on 20,076 replies during 2019, posted on Twitter by 514 Brazilian legislators, we conducted descriptive analysis of legislators’ Twitter profiles, social network analyses from their interactions, and content analysis of the messages. We found that (1) there are large disparities bet…
The role of police contact and neighborhood experiences on legal socialization: Longitudinal evidence from adolescents in Brazil
The legal socialization framework emphasizes the importance of adolescents’ encounters with police. We examine how different types of police contact and neighborhood experiences are linked to the legal socialization process among adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil. Drawing on 669 participants across three waves of panel data from the São Paulo Legal Socialization Study, results from the multilevel longitudinal model revealed that within‐pers…
The psychosocial effects of economic inequality depend on its perception
Refletindo sobre o trabalho de campo no Judiciário: Quando a realização da pesquisa se torna um dado
Este trabalho analisa as experiências de seis pesquisadores durante pesquisa de campo em Audiências de Custódia na cidade de São Paulo em 2019. Aspectos como as dificuldades de acesso ao Fórum, a indiferença dos juízes e relatos de intimidação narrados pelos pesquisadores indicam que embora existam regulações formais das audiências, coexistem processos de personificação da lei e dos procedimentos conduzidos pelos magistrados que por vezes contrad…
The perception of economic inequality in everyday life: My friends with the most and least money
The study of perceived economic differences in everyday life is relevant to deepening knowledge of how inequality shapes psychological processes. In the current research, Spanish undergraduates ( N = 547) were asked what their friends with the most and least money could do with their resources. Using a qualitative and quantitative approach, we performed a content analysis of the 1,085 open‐ended responses given, ran latent class analyses with the…
How Fair is Economic Inequality? Belief in a Just World and the Legitimation of Economic Disparities in 27 European Countries
This article aims to examine the role of Belief in a Just World (BJW) in the legitimation of economic inequality. Using data from 27 European countries ( N=47,086), we conducted multilevel analyses and found that BJW positively predicted the legitimation of economic inequality, measured by three indicators: the perceived fairness of the overall wealth inequality, and the fairness of the earnings made by the Top 10% and the Bottom 10% of society. …
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autoritarismo de Derechas en población colombiana
En este artículo se presenta la adaptación de una versión reducida de la escala de autoritarismo de derechas (RWA) en Colombia. En el Estudio 1 (n=417) se realizó un análisis fac-torial exploratorio para identificar las dimensiones de la escala; y en el Estudio 2 (n=396), se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio en donde se analizó la validez divergente/convergente de la escala. El estudio aporta evidencia empírica a favor de las propiedade…
The Two Faces of Support for Redistribution in Colombia: Taxing the Wealthy or Assisting People in Need
Support for redistribution is crucial for reducing economic inequality. Despite people's desire for reducing extreme inequalities, they still have mixed opinions regarding how to do so. The aim of the article is to examine the underlying latent dimensions of support for redistribution and test its correlates to perceptions of and attitudes toward inequality. In two studies, we found that support for redistribution can be modeled as a latent const…
The exercise of authority during interactions in custody hearings in São Paulo (Brazil): Building legitimacy through exclusion
In Brazil, the Custody Hearing is a legal device established in 2015 to safeguard the rights of people arrested in flagrante delicto by the police. In an attempt to prevent the indiscriminate use of preventive detentions in the country, the custody hearings were created for the potential effects that an in-person meeting may have on the flow of the Criminal Justice System. While the recent literature on criminology has produced significant empiri…
Las creencias que justifican la desigualdad moderan la relación entre el estatus socioeconómico y el apoyo a la redistribución
Este artículo examina la interacción entre el estatus socioeconómico y las creencias que justifican la desigualdad en lo relativo al apoyo a la redistribución. Utilizando datos de una encuesta de São Paulo (Brasil) (N=928), encontramos que el apoyo a la redistribución estuvo negativamente asociado con el estatus socioeconómico subjetivo; pero estuvo positivamente relacionada con el estatus socioeconómico objetivo. Además, las creencias que justif…
Perceived Economic Inequality Measures and Their Association With Objective Inequality and Redistributive Preferences
Perceptions of economic inequality (PEI) play a central role in people's responses to inequality. We aim to examine the consistency between different PEI measures (income gaps, diagrammatic figures, experienced downward and upward disparities), their relationship with objective inequality, and their association with redistributive preferences. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme 2019 ( N = 34,387, 22 countries), we performed…
Percepción de desigualdad económica en la vida cotidiana e ideología política: Un estudio con jóvenes de España
In this study, we analyze the perception of economic inequality in everyday life in Spain based on political ideology. Using content analysis techniques, we processed 705 open-ended responses from 290 people and used network analysis to examine the relationships between the categories identified. We found that economic inequality is perceived primarily as social comparison and relative deprivation between individuals/groups. However, it is percei…
Concerns About Inequality in Health, Education and Income Jointly Predict Collective Actions
Introduction: Income inequality is often tolerated and justified, but when it brings about disparities in other domains of life (e.g., health or education), it may be seen with different eyes. In this research, we aimed to explore concerns regarding economic inequality in health, education, and income, and its relationship to supporting collective actions to reduce inequality. Method: We used survey data (N = 20,204, 18 countries) from the Latino…
Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countrie…
Individual values predict desiring more economic inequality: The moderator role of social mobility
Attitudes towards economic inequality are crucial to uphold structural economic inequality in democratic societies. Previous research has shown that socioeconomic status, political ideology, and the objective level of economic inequality associated with individuals' attitudes towards economic inequality. However, some have suggested that people are aware of the individual and social features that are more functional according to the level of econ…
Psychology (29 works) · Political science (24 works) · Social Psychology (21 works) · Economics (17 works) · Inequality (17 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Demographic economics (15 works) · Economic inequality (14 works) · Politics (13 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (11 works)