Steven A Shull
Biographic Data
| ID | 968077 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Steven A Shull |
| GIVEN NAMES | Steven A |
| FAMILY NAME | Shull |
| SIGNATURE | SHULL S A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of New Orleans |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 82 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
A Kinder, Gentler Racism?: The Reagan-Bush Civil Rights Legacy
This title was first published in 1993. One of the tests to which we subject our presidents concerns their capacity to lead, their ability to achieve their political and policy goals. This is the test of whether presidents make a difference to their institution, their government, and their country. Professor Steven A. Shull applies this test to Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Bush. His focus is on their civil rights policies, not only in theo…
Presidential Policymaking: An End-Of-century Assessment
Enduring Rivals: Presidential Success and Support in the House of Representatives
We compare presidents' legislative support and success at the vote level of analysis. In so doing, we remind readers that these two outcomes measures, collected by Congressional Quarterly, Inc., may or may not reflect presidential agenda preferences. Success refers to a victory for the president on his vote positions, while support refers to margin of legislators taking the same position on the vote as the president. The vote level provides numer…
Determinants of presidential position taking in Congress, 1949–1995
In this paper we seek to explain the activity presidential position taking on roll call votes in the House. Position taking may help presidents pursue their policy agendas, but time and available resources constrain their ability to take positions. Even though position taking is a discretionary presidential action, it occurs in the legislative arena and, thus, presidents must consider elements in both institutions as well as outside conditions wh…
Who Influences the Fed? Presidential Versus Congressional Leadership
This paper examines political influences over U.S monetary policy, analysed quarterly from 1953 to 2000. We use indicators of presidential and congressional ideology as predictors of actor preferences and as representative of overhead democracy. We also include several economic variables predicting percent change in the federal funds rate. While not surprised to find that economic conditions are important in explaining Fed decisionmaking, we also…
Explaining Federal Reserve Monetary Policy
In an examination of Federal Funds rate monthly from 1954 to 2000, we compare a model using presidential party as a compositional variable with a model using presidential party as an interactive variable. Federal Reserve monetary policy was found responsive to the economy, to business elites, and to political circumstances. However, these influences had different patterns depending upon presidential party. The Federal Reserve appears to act neith…
Determinants of presidents’ legislative support in the House, 1949–1995
This paper has several purposes. First, it illustrates the changing nature of research on presidential–congressional relations. In general, scholarship has moved away from viewing the president as the dominant actor in the relationship, toward one of congressional influence, and ultimately toward emphasizing more equal power sharing between the two institutions. Second, we discuss our use of the most widely used measures of such relationships, pr…
Presidential‐Congressional Budget Agreement, 1949–1995
In this paper, presidential‐congressional budget agreement, measured as the percentage of presidential budget requests appropriated by Congress, is explained. Budget agreement reflects a pivotal point in the struggle between the president and the Congress to enact their respective preferences since funding brings such preferences to life. In order to explain budget agreement, the existing tandem institutions approach to studying presidential‐cong…
Presidential Transitions: From Politics to Practice . John P. Burke
Explaining Congressional-Presidential relations: A multiple perspective approach
Explaining Congressional-Presidential relations: a multiple perspective approach." The Social Science Journal, 37(2), pp. 316–317
Justifying Presidential Decisions: The Scope of Veto Messages
The presidential veto is a highly visible and effective form of elite decision making. We measure the scope of the president's explanation of his use of the veto by the number of distinct justifications articulated and the length of his veto messages. Together these indicators tap variation in presidential opposition to legislation, unavailable from other sources. We examine the relationships of a variety of indicators of personal, political, beh…
Policy Congruence between the President and the Solicitor General
Policy Congruence Between the President and the Solicitor General
This article examines the policy attention and ideological congruence between solicitors general and their appointing presidents. It builds on previous research by presenting an alternative way of measuring presi dential policy preferences that varies within administrations and offers an empirical test of the congruence between presidents and their appoin tees. Presidential attention to four policy areas and the ideological direc tion of that att…
Strong Presidents: A Theory of Leadership. Philip Abbott Beyond the Rhetorical Presidency. Martin J. Medhurst
Presidential Influence Versus Agency Characteristics in Explaining Policy Implementation
We posit three rival models of policy implementation in the realm of civil rights: presidential influence, bureaucratic discretion, and prior activities. The first model, presidential influence, works better than the bureaucratic discretion or prior activities models. In fact, as modified in the analysis, presidential influence explains half of the adjusted variance in civil rights cases filed but just under a quarter of adjusted variance in case…
Testing a dynamic process of policy making in civil rights
Presidential influence is examined at successive stages of the civil rights policy process. The sequential nature of the policy process implies a temporal component. We find support for short term linkages and the existence of institutional constraint over and above the impact of individual presidents. Longer term, year to year, linkages prove less important. For civil rights, then, the policy process is predominantly a short term phenomenon in w…
The Mortal Presidency: Illness and Anguish in the White House. Robert E. Gilbert
"Conceptual and Measurement Concerns with Lindsay and Steger's "The Two Presidencies in Future Research
Assessing Presidential Communications in Civil Rights Policymaking
This chapter compares the public communications of modern presidents across target groups and issue areas of civil rights. We find that attention, support, and symbolism on civil rights vary considerably across individual presidents and political party. Not surprisingly, in their public messages Democratic presidents are more attentive and supportive of civil rights than are Republican presidents. Some results were expected, while others were sur…
Presidential Influence in the Policymaking Process
(1989) has provided the most extensive empirical investigation of pres-idential influence. He measures influence as the congruence of presi-dential positions with congressional votes and then correlates this indi-cator of success with the resource popular support. We examine presidential influence in the broader context of the multiple roles of the president in policymaking. We analyze the impact of distinct mea-sures of preferences, resources, a…
Presidential attention, support, and symbolism in civil rights 1953–1984
Public statements of seven recent American presidents on civil rights vary in the extent to which they truly support increased rights for Blacks or are merely symbolic. These seven presidents also vary in the attention they pay to civil rights. The authors analyze the content of all presidential speeches, press conferences, letters, and other public messages in the Public Papers of the Presidents from 1953 through 1984. The presidents are Eisenho…
Presidential Influence versus Bureaucratic Discretion: President-Agency Relations in Civil Rights Policy
This research examines presidents' administrative actions in civil rights policy and agency responses to those actions. It considers the frequent debate between presidential influence over the bureaucracy versus the more commonly posited model of bureaucratic discretion. Results suggest that assertive presidents like Johnson and Reagan can influence agency actions in civil rights policy; they obtain closer correspondence with their preferred poli…
Making the Managerial Presidency: Comprehensive Reorganization Planning. Peri E. Arnold
What Do Key Votes Measure
Congressional Quarterly's key votes are examined on two of the organization's stated criteria: legislative controversy and presidential power. Key votes reveal greater internal conflict but less controversy than do all roll-call votes in Congress. At least for Republican presidents, key votes are a very parsimonious (i.e., consistent) measure of congressional support for presidents. We conclude that key votes are a better measure of presidential …
Introduction to the Symposium
Presidential Influence in the Policymaking Process
(1989) has provided the most extensive empirical investigation of pres-idential influence. He measures influence as the congruence of presi-dential positions with congressional votes and then correlates this indi-cator of success with the resource popular support. We examine presidential influence in the broader context of the multiple roles of the president in policymaking. We analyze the impact of distinct mea-sures of preferences, resources, a…
Policy Congruence Between the President and the Solicitor General
This article examines the policy attention and ideological congruence between solicitors general and their appointing presidents. It builds on previous research by presenting an alternative way of measuring presi dential policy preferences that varies within administrations and offers an empirical test of the congruence between presidents and their appoin tees. Presidential attention to four policy areas and the ideological direc tion of that att…
What Do Key Votes Measure
Congressional Quarterly's key votes are examined on two of the organization's stated criteria: legislative controversy and presidential power. Key votes reveal greater internal conflict but less controversy than do all roll-call votes in Congress. At least for Republican presidents, key votes are a very parsimonious (i.e., consistent) measure of congressional support for presidents. We conclude that key votes are a better measure of presidential …
Policy Preferences of Justices and Presidents: The Case of Civil Rights
Focusing on the issue of civil rights, this study examines the relationship between policy preferences of presidents and the votes of the Supreme Court justices they appointed. Through content analysis of presidential statements, relatively systematic measures of civil rights policy views for five recent presidents were obtained and compared with the voting records on civil rights of justices they appointed to the Supreme Court. The findings sugg…
Reassessing the Reassessment: Comment on Sigelman's Note on the "Two Presidencies" Thesis
Presidential Influence Versus Agency Characteristics in Explaining Policy Implementation
We posit three rival models of policy implementation in the realm of civil rights: presidential influence, bureaucratic discretion, and prior activities. The first model, presidential influence, works better than the bureaucratic discretion or prior activities models. In fact, as modified in the analysis, presidential influence explains half of the adjusted variance in civil rights cases filed but just under a quarter of adjusted variance in case…
Enduring Rivals: Presidential Success and Support in the House of Representatives
We compare presidents' legislative support and success at the vote level of analysis. In so doing, we remind readers that these two outcomes measures, collected by Congressional Quarterly, Inc., may or may not reflect presidential agenda preferences. Success refers to a victory for the president on his vote positions, while support refers to margin of legislators taking the same position on the vote as the president. The vote level provides numer…
Presidential attention, support, and symbolism in civil rights 1953–1984
Public statements of seven recent American presidents on civil rights vary in the extent to which they truly support increased rights for Blacks or are merely symbolic. These seven presidents also vary in the attention they pay to civil rights. The authors analyze the content of all presidential speeches, press conferences, letters, and other public messages in the Public Papers of the Presidents from 1953 through 1984. The presidents are Eisenho…
Change in Presidential Policy Initiatives
Justifying Presidential Decisions: The Scope of Veto Messages
The presidential veto is a highly visible and effective form of elite decision making. We measure the scope of the president's explanation of his use of the veto by the number of distinct justifications articulated and the length of his veto messages. Together these indicators tap variation in presidential opposition to legislation, unavailable from other sources. We examine the relationships of a variety of indicators of personal, political, beh…
Presidential-Congressional Support for Agencies and for Each Other: A Comparative Look
Determinants of presidential position taking in Congress, 1949–1995
In this paper we seek to explain the activity presidential position taking on roll call votes in the House. Position taking may help presidents pursue their policy agendas, but time and available resources constrain their ability to take positions. Even though position taking is a discretionary presidential action, it occurs in the legislative arena and, thus, presidents must consider elements in both institutions as well as outside conditions wh…
Who Influences the Fed? Presidential Versus Congressional Leadership
This paper examines political influences over U.S monetary policy, analysed quarterly from 1953 to 2000. We use indicators of presidential and congressional ideology as predictors of actor preferences and as representative of overhead democracy. We also include several economic variables predicting percent change in the federal funds rate. While not surprised to find that economic conditions are important in explaining Fed decisionmaking, we also…
Presidential Influence versus Bureaucratic Discretion: President-Agency Relations in Civil Rights Policy
This research examines presidents' administrative actions in civil rights policy and agency responses to those actions. It considers the frequent debate between presidential influence over the bureaucracy versus the more commonly posited model of bureaucratic discretion. Results suggest that assertive presidents like Johnson and Reagan can influence agency actions in civil rights policy; they obtain closer correspondence with their preferred poli…
Introduction to the Symposium
Presidential-Congressional Support for Agencies and for Each Other: A Comparative Look
Presidential Policy Making: An Analysis
Reassessing the Reassessment: Comment on Sigelman's Note on the "Two Presidencies" Thesis
Policy Preferences of Justices and Presidents: The Case of Civil Rights
Focusing on the issue of civil rights, this study examines the relationship between policy preferences of presidents and the votes of the Supreme Court justices they appointed. Through content analysis of presidential statements, relatively systematic measures of civil rights policy views for five recent presidents were obtained and compared with the voting records on civil rights of justices they appointed to the Supreme Court. The findings sugg…
Change in Presidential Policy Initiatives
LICY TYPOLOGIES suggest that differences occur among policies according to such characteristics as roles of participants or the relative impact of issues on target groups or society. Theodore Lowi (1964) developed the most popular and widely adopted typology. (Examples of this utilization include Ripley and Franklin 1980; Chandler et al. 1974; Vogler 1977; Uslaner and Weber 1975; Kessel 1977; Mann 1975; Hayes 1978; Fry and Winters 1970.) Lowi sug…
Change in Presidential Policy Initiatives
Introduction to the Symposium
The Literature on the Presidency and Public Policy
Making the Managerial Presidency: Comprehensive Reorganization Planning. Peri E. Arnold
What Do Key Votes Measure
Congressional Quarterly's key votes are examined on two of the organization's stated criteria: legislative controversy and presidential power. Key votes reveal greater internal conflict but less controversy than do all roll-call votes in Congress. At least for Republican presidents, key votes are a very parsimonious (i.e., consistent) measure of congressional support for presidents. We conclude that key votes are a better measure of presidential …
Presidential attention, support, and symbolism in civil rights 1953–1984
Public statements of seven recent American presidents on civil rights vary in the extent to which they truly support increased rights for Blacks or are merely symbolic. These seven presidents also vary in the attention they pay to civil rights. The authors analyze the content of all presidential speeches, press conferences, letters, and other public messages in the Public Papers of the Presidents from 1953 through 1984. The presidents are Eisenho…
Presidential Influence versus Bureaucratic Discretion: President-Agency Relations in Civil Rights Policy
This research examines presidents' administrative actions in civil rights policy and agency responses to those actions. It considers the frequent debate between presidential influence over the bureaucracy versus the more commonly posited model of bureaucratic discretion. Results suggest that assertive presidents like Johnson and Reagan can influence agency actions in civil rights policy; they obtain closer correspondence with their preferred poli…
Presidential Influence in the Policymaking Process
(1989) has provided the most extensive empirical investigation of pres-idential influence. He measures influence as the congruence of presi-dential positions with congressional votes and then correlates this indi-cator of success with the resource popular support. We examine presidential influence in the broader context of the multiple roles of the president in policymaking. We analyze the impact of distinct mea-sures of preferences, resources, a…
Assessing Presidential Communications in Civil Rights Policymaking
This chapter compares the public communications of modern presidents across target groups and issue areas of civil rights. We find that attention, support, and symbolism on civil rights vary considerably across individual presidents and political party. Not surprisingly, in their public messages Democratic presidents are more attentive and supportive of civil rights than are Republican presidents. Some results were expected, while others were sur…
Testing a dynamic process of policy making in civil rights
Presidential influence is examined at successive stages of the civil rights policy process. The sequential nature of the policy process implies a temporal component. We find support for short term linkages and the existence of institutional constraint over and above the impact of individual presidents. Longer term, year to year, linkages prove less important. For civil rights, then, the policy process is predominantly a short term phenomenon in w…
The Mortal Presidency: Illness and Anguish in the White House. Robert E. Gilbert
"Conceptual and Measurement Concerns with Lindsay and Steger's "The Two Presidencies in Future Research
Presidential Influence Versus Agency Characteristics in Explaining Policy Implementation
We posit three rival models of policy implementation in the realm of civil rights: presidential influence, bureaucratic discretion, and prior activities. The first model, presidential influence, works better than the bureaucratic discretion or prior activities models. In fact, as modified in the analysis, presidential influence explains half of the adjusted variance in civil rights cases filed but just under a quarter of adjusted variance in case…
Strong Presidents: A Theory of Leadership. Philip Abbott Beyond the Rhetorical Presidency. Martin J. Medhurst
Policy Congruence between the President and the Solicitor General
Policy Congruence Between the President and the Solicitor General
This article examines the policy attention and ideological congruence between solicitors general and their appointing presidents. It builds on previous research by presenting an alternative way of measuring presi dential policy preferences that varies within administrations and offers an empirical test of the congruence between presidents and their appoin tees. Presidential attention to four policy areas and the ideological direc tion of that att…
Justifying Presidential Decisions: The Scope of Veto Messages
The presidential veto is a highly visible and effective form of elite decision making. We measure the scope of the president's explanation of his use of the veto by the number of distinct justifications articulated and the length of his veto messages. Together these indicators tap variation in presidential opposition to legislation, unavailable from other sources. We examine the relationships of a variety of indicators of personal, political, beh…
Explaining Congressional-Presidential relations: A multiple perspective approach
Explaining Congressional-Presidential relations: a multiple perspective approach." The Social Science Journal, 37(2), pp. 316–317
Presidential‐Congressional Budget Agreement, 1949–1995
In this paper, presidential‐congressional budget agreement, measured as the percentage of presidential budget requests appropriated by Congress, is explained. Budget agreement reflects a pivotal point in the struggle between the president and the Congress to enact their respective preferences since funding brings such preferences to life. In order to explain budget agreement, the existing tandem institutions approach to studying presidential‐cong…
Presidential Transitions: From Politics to Practice . John P. Burke
Political science (29 works) · Law (26 works) · Politics (26 works) · Presidential system (23 works) · Law (21 works) · Public Administration (19 works) · Public Administration (16 works) · Economics (14 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (14 works) · Computer Science (10 works)