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Patrick Frierson

Biographic Data

ID968555
NAMEPatrick Frierson
GIVEN NAMESPatrick
FAMILY NAMEFrierson
SIGNATUREFRIERSON P
AFFILIATIONSWhitman College
ORCID0000-0001-8427-2000
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS22
TOTAL CITATIONS15
AUTHOR COUNT22
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2005
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2025
H-INDEX2
  • Conclusion

    Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•CHAPTER•Maria Montessori's Philosophy•2025

    This brief conclusion wraps up the themes of the book with a short reflection on the epitaph on Montessori’s final place of rest

  • Montessori, math, and materials: A case of extended cognition

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson et al.•ARTICLE•Synthese•2025•References: 37

    In this article, we bring Maria Montessori’s pedagogy into conversation with contemporary developments in cognitive science and the philosophy of mind. In particular, we seek to show that Montessori’s “prepared environment” provides a context within which cognitive tasks are performed in the interfaces and interactions among brains, bodies, and concrete mathematical materials. For ease of illustration, we will focus on one particular Montessori m…

  • What is the Idea of the Soul? Comments on Katharina Kraus, Kant on Self-Knowledge and Self - Formation

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Kantian Review•2022

    These remarks focus on Kraus’s claim that for Kant the category of substance cannot apply to the soul but that instead we can and should apply a merely regulative idea of the soul. While granting Kraus’s contention that we require an idea of the soul in order to investigate inner experience, I argue that the category of substance nonetheless applies to the soul, but that the notion of the soul as entirely non-corporeal is a regulative idea. To ex…

  • The Moral Philosophy of Maria Montessori: Agency and Ethical Life

    Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•BOOK•Moral Philosophy of Maria…•2022•Cited by: 1

    In the first scholarly exposition of Maria Montessori's moral philosophy, Patrick R. Frierson presents an empirically-grounded ethics that takes its start from our tendency to strive for excellence and emphasizes mutual respect, social solidarity, and love. Laying out a compelling, Montessorian approach to ethical life, Frierson constructs an account of human agency based on children, who when attentively at work on self-chosen tasks, have agency…

  • The Moral Philosophy of Maria Montessori

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of the American…•2021

    This paper lays out the moral theory of philosopher and educator Maria Montessori (1870–1952). Based on a moral epistemology wherein moral concepts are grounded in a well-cultivated moral sense, Montessori develops a threefold account of moral life. She starts with an account of character as an ideal of individual self-perfection through concentrated attention on effortful work. She shows how respect for others grows from and supplements individu…

  • Discipline and the cultivation of autonomy in Immanuel Kant and Maria Montessori

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of Philosophy of Education•2021•References: 8

    After showing discipline's centrality in Kant's pedagogy, I briefly highlight Montessori's alternative and then turn to three fundamental differences between Kant and Montessori that partly explain their divergent accounts. My goal is not to assess whether Kant or Montessori gets the role of discipline ‘right’, but to highlight broader stakes of their disagreement and ways deeper features of Kant's psychology and moral theory ground his emphasis …

  • Situationism and intellectual virtue: A Montessori perspective

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Synthese•2021•References: 40

  • Maria Montessori

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•CHAPTER•Encyclopedia of Evolutionary…•2018

  • K ant, I mmanuel (1724–1804): Influence on the Origins and Development of Anthropology

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•OTHER•The International Encyclopedia of…•2018

    This entry lays out Kant's contributions to the development of anthropology, focusing on four key areas: his concept of “pragmatic anthropology,” his race theory, his moral philosophy (with particular emphasis on his notion of a “universal” ethics), and his claim that the world one inhabits is partly constituted by the cognitive structures through which one situates oneself within that world

  • Making Room for Children's Autonomy: Maria Montessori's Case for Seeing Children's Incapacity for Autonomy as an External Failing

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of Philosophy of Education•2015•Cited by: 2•References: 3

    Journal Article Making Room for Children's Autonomy: Maria Montessori's Case for Seeing Children's Incapacity for Autonomy as an External Failing Get access Patrick R Frierson Patrick R Frierson Correspondence: Patrick R. Frierson, Philosophy Department, Whitman College, 345 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA. Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Philosophy of Education…

  • Herder: Religion and moral motivation

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•CHAPTER•Kant's Lectures on Ethics•2014

    A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

  • Kant's Anatomy of Evil

    Open Access•Sharon Anderson‐gold, S J Rossi Philip J et al.•BOOK•Kant's Anatomy of Evil•2014•Cited by: 5•References: 5

    Introduction 1. Kant's 'Metaphysics of Permanent Rupture': radical evil and the unity of reason Philip Rossi 2. Kantian moral pessimism Patrick Frierson 3. Kant, the Bible, and the recovery from radical evil Gordon Michalson 4. Kant's moral excluded middle Claudia Card 5. Evil everywhere: the ordinariness of Kantian radical evil Robert Louden 6. An alternative proof of the universal propensity to evil Pablo Muchnik 7. Kant and the intelligibility…

  • Kant: Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings

    Patrick Frierson, Paul Guyer•BOOK•Kant•2012

  • Selected notes and fragments from the 1760s

    Patrick Frierson, Paul Guyer•CHAPTER•Kant•2012

    618 . 1769? (1764–68?) The strikingly natural or naïve ( later addition : in the use of the understanding, if nature appears as art, is called naïvety), the unexpectedly natural. Poetic art is an artificial play of thoughts. We play with thoughts if we do not labor with them, that is, are [not] necessitated by an end. One merely seeks to entertain oneself with thoughts. For this it is necessary that all the powers of mind are set into an harmonio…

  • Immanuel Kant: Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings

    Patrick Frierson, Paul Guyer•BOOK•Kant•2011

    This volume collects Kant's most important ethical and anthropological writings from the 1760s, before he developed his critical philosophy. The materials presented here range from the Observations, one of Kant's most elegantly written and immediately popular texts, to the accompanying Remarks which Kant wrote in his personal copy of the Observations and which are translated here in their entirety for the first time. This edition also includes li…

  • Kant on mental disorder. Part 2: Philosophical implications of Kant’s account

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•History of Psychiatry•2009

    This paper considers various philosophical problems arising from Kant’s account of mental disorder. Starting with the reasons why Kant considered his theory of mental disorder important, I then turn to the implications of this theory of Kant’s metaphysics, epistemology and ethics. Given Kant’s account of insanity as ‘a totally different standpoint ... from which one sees all objects differently’ (7: 216), the Critique of Pure Reason should be rea…

  • Kant on mental disorder. Part 1: An overview

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•History of Psychiatry•2009

    This paper sets out Kant’s anthropological account of mental disorder. I begin with a discussion of the nature of Kant’s ‘pragmatic anthropology’ and the implications of the fact that his discussion of mental disorder takes place in that context. I then set out Kant’s taxonomy of the mind and discuss the various disorders affecting the cognitive faculty and the faculties of feeling and desire. I end with a brief discussion of Kant’s views on the …

  • Empirical psychology, common sense, and Kant’s empirical markers for moral responsibility

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Studies in History and Philosophy…•2008•References: 8

  • Corruption, Non‐ideal Theory, and Grace: A Response to Kant and the Ethics of Humility

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Philosophy and Phenomenological…•2007

  • Metastandards in the Ethics of Adam Smith and Aldo Leopold

    Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Environmental Ethics•2007

  • Character and Evil in Kant's Moral Anthropology

    Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of the history of…•2006•Cited by: 7•References: 6

    Character and Evil in Kant's Moral Anthropology Patrick Frierson In the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant explains that moral anthropology studies the "subjective conditions in human nature that help or hinder [people] in fulfilling the laws of a metaphysics of morals" and insists that such anthropology "cannot be dispensed with" (6:217).1 But it is often difficult to find clear evidence of this sort of anthropology in Kant's own works. In this paper, …

  • The Moral Importance of Politeness in Kant's Anthropology

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Kantian Review•2005

    In his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1784), Kant explains that ethics, like physics, ‘will have its empirical part, but it will also have a rational part, ... though here [in ethics] the empirical part might be given the special name practical anthropology ’ (4: 388). In the Groundwork , Kant suggests that anthropology, or the ‘power of judgment sharpened by experience’, has two roles, ‘to distinguish in what cases [moral laws] are app…

  • Character and Evil in Kant's Moral Anthropology

    Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of the history of…•2006•Cited by: 7•References: 6

    Character and Evil in Kant's Moral Anthropology Patrick Frierson In the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant explains that moral anthropology studies the "subjective conditions in human nature that help or hinder [people] in fulfilling the laws of a metaphysics of morals" and insists that such anthropology "cannot be dispensed with" (6:217).1 But it is often difficult to find clear evidence of this sort of anthropology in Kant's own works. In this paper, …

  • Kant's Anatomy of Evil

    Open Access•Sharon Anderson‐gold, S J Rossi Philip J et al.•BOOK•Kant's Anatomy of Evil•2014•Cited by: 5•References: 5

    Introduction 1. Kant's 'Metaphysics of Permanent Rupture': radical evil and the unity of reason Philip Rossi 2. Kantian moral pessimism Patrick Frierson 3. Kant, the Bible, and the recovery from radical evil Gordon Michalson 4. Kant's moral excluded middle Claudia Card 5. Evil everywhere: the ordinariness of Kantian radical evil Robert Louden 6. An alternative proof of the universal propensity to evil Pablo Muchnik 7. Kant and the intelligibility…

  • Making Room for Children's Autonomy: Maria Montessori's Case for Seeing Children's Incapacity for Autonomy as an External Failing

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of Philosophy of Education•2015•Cited by: 2•References: 3

    Journal Article Making Room for Children's Autonomy: Maria Montessori's Case for Seeing Children's Incapacity for Autonomy as an External Failing Get access Patrick R Frierson Patrick R Frierson Correspondence: Patrick R. Frierson, Philosophy Department, Whitman College, 345 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA. Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Philosophy of Education…

  • The Moral Philosophy of Maria Montessori: Agency and Ethical Life

    Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•BOOK•Moral Philosophy of Maria…•2022•Cited by: 1

    In the first scholarly exposition of Maria Montessori's moral philosophy, Patrick R. Frierson presents an empirically-grounded ethics that takes its start from our tendency to strive for excellence and emphasizes mutual respect, social solidarity, and love. Laying out a compelling, Montessorian approach to ethical life, Frierson constructs an account of human agency based on children, who when attentively at work on self-chosen tasks, have agency…

  • The Moral Importance of Politeness in Kant's Anthropology

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Kantian Review•2005

    In his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1784), Kant explains that ethics, like physics, ‘will have its empirical part, but it will also have a rational part, ... though here [in ethics] the empirical part might be given the special name practical anthropology ’ (4: 388). In the Groundwork , Kant suggests that anthropology, or the ‘power of judgment sharpened by experience’, has two roles, ‘to distinguish in what cases [moral laws] are app…

  • Character and Evil in Kant's Moral Anthropology

    Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of the history of…•2006•Cited by: 7•References: 6

    Character and Evil in Kant's Moral Anthropology Patrick Frierson In the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant explains that moral anthropology studies the "subjective conditions in human nature that help or hinder [people] in fulfilling the laws of a metaphysics of morals" and insists that such anthropology "cannot be dispensed with" (6:217).1 But it is often difficult to find clear evidence of this sort of anthropology in Kant's own works. In this paper, …

  • Corruption, Non‐ideal Theory, and Grace: A Response to Kant and the Ethics of Humility

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Philosophy and Phenomenological…•2007

  • Metastandards in the Ethics of Adam Smith and Aldo Leopold

    Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Environmental Ethics•2007

  • Empirical psychology, common sense, and Kant’s empirical markers for moral responsibility

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Studies in History and Philosophy…•2008•References: 8

  • Kant on mental disorder. Part 2: Philosophical implications of Kant’s account

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•History of Psychiatry•2009

    This paper considers various philosophical problems arising from Kant’s account of mental disorder. Starting with the reasons why Kant considered his theory of mental disorder important, I then turn to the implications of this theory of Kant’s metaphysics, epistemology and ethics. Given Kant’s account of insanity as ‘a totally different standpoint ... from which one sees all objects differently’ (7: 216), the Critique of Pure Reason should be rea…

  • Kant on mental disorder. Part 1: An overview

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•History of Psychiatry•2009

    This paper sets out Kant’s anthropological account of mental disorder. I begin with a discussion of the nature of Kant’s ‘pragmatic anthropology’ and the implications of the fact that his discussion of mental disorder takes place in that context. I then set out Kant’s taxonomy of the mind and discuss the various disorders affecting the cognitive faculty and the faculties of feeling and desire. I end with a brief discussion of Kant’s views on the …

  • Immanuel Kant: Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings

    Patrick Frierson, Paul Guyer•BOOK•Kant•2011

    This volume collects Kant's most important ethical and anthropological writings from the 1760s, before he developed his critical philosophy. The materials presented here range from the Observations, one of Kant's most elegantly written and immediately popular texts, to the accompanying Remarks which Kant wrote in his personal copy of the Observations and which are translated here in their entirety for the first time. This edition also includes li…

  • Kant: Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings

    Patrick Frierson, Paul Guyer•BOOK•Kant•2012

  • Selected notes and fragments from the 1760s

    Patrick Frierson, Paul Guyer•CHAPTER•Kant•2012

    618 . 1769? (1764–68?) The strikingly natural or naïve ( later addition : in the use of the understanding, if nature appears as art, is called naïvety), the unexpectedly natural. Poetic art is an artificial play of thoughts. We play with thoughts if we do not labor with them, that is, are [not] necessitated by an end. One merely seeks to entertain oneself with thoughts. For this it is necessary that all the powers of mind are set into an harmonio…

  • Herder: Religion and moral motivation

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•CHAPTER•Kant's Lectures on Ethics•2014

    A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

  • Kant's Anatomy of Evil

    Open Access•Sharon Anderson‐gold, S J Rossi Philip J et al.•BOOK•Kant's Anatomy of Evil•2014•Cited by: 5•References: 5

    Introduction 1. Kant's 'Metaphysics of Permanent Rupture': radical evil and the unity of reason Philip Rossi 2. Kantian moral pessimism Patrick Frierson 3. Kant, the Bible, and the recovery from radical evil Gordon Michalson 4. Kant's moral excluded middle Claudia Card 5. Evil everywhere: the ordinariness of Kantian radical evil Robert Louden 6. An alternative proof of the universal propensity to evil Pablo Muchnik 7. Kant and the intelligibility…

  • Making Room for Children's Autonomy: Maria Montessori's Case for Seeing Children's Incapacity for Autonomy as an External Failing

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of Philosophy of Education•2015•Cited by: 2•References: 3

    Journal Article Making Room for Children's Autonomy: Maria Montessori's Case for Seeing Children's Incapacity for Autonomy as an External Failing Get access Patrick R Frierson Patrick R Frierson Correspondence: Patrick R. Frierson, Philosophy Department, Whitman College, 345 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA. Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Philosophy of Education…

  • Maria Montessori

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•CHAPTER•Encyclopedia of Evolutionary…•2018

  • K ant, I mmanuel (1724–1804): Influence on the Origins and Development of Anthropology

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•OTHER•The International Encyclopedia of…•2018

    This entry lays out Kant's contributions to the development of anthropology, focusing on four key areas: his concept of “pragmatic anthropology,” his race theory, his moral philosophy (with particular emphasis on his notion of a “universal” ethics), and his claim that the world one inhabits is partly constituted by the cognitive structures through which one situates oneself within that world

  • The Moral Philosophy of Maria Montessori

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of the American…•2021

    This paper lays out the moral theory of philosopher and educator Maria Montessori (1870–1952). Based on a moral epistemology wherein moral concepts are grounded in a well-cultivated moral sense, Montessori develops a threefold account of moral life. She starts with an account of character as an ideal of individual self-perfection through concentrated attention on effortful work. She shows how respect for others grows from and supplements individu…

  • Discipline and the cultivation of autonomy in Immanuel Kant and Maria Montessori

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Journal of Philosophy of Education•2021•References: 8

    After showing discipline's centrality in Kant's pedagogy, I briefly highlight Montessori's alternative and then turn to three fundamental differences between Kant and Montessori that partly explain their divergent accounts. My goal is not to assess whether Kant or Montessori gets the role of discipline ‘right’, but to highlight broader stakes of their disagreement and ways deeper features of Kant's psychology and moral theory ground his emphasis …

  • Situationism and intellectual virtue: A Montessori perspective

    Open Access•Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Synthese•2021•References: 40

  • What is the Idea of the Soul? Comments on Katharina Kraus, Kant on Self-Knowledge and Self - Formation

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•ARTICLE•Kantian Review•2022

    These remarks focus on Kraus’s claim that for Kant the category of substance cannot apply to the soul but that instead we can and should apply a merely regulative idea of the soul. While granting Kraus’s contention that we require an idea of the soul in order to investigate inner experience, I argue that the category of substance nonetheless applies to the soul, but that the notion of the soul as entirely non-corporeal is a regulative idea. To ex…

  • The Moral Philosophy of Maria Montessori: Agency and Ethical Life

    Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•BOOK•Moral Philosophy of Maria…•2022•Cited by: 1

    In the first scholarly exposition of Maria Montessori's moral philosophy, Patrick R. Frierson presents an empirically-grounded ethics that takes its start from our tendency to strive for excellence and emphasizes mutual respect, social solidarity, and love. Laying out a compelling, Montessorian approach to ethical life, Frierson constructs an account of human agency based on children, who when attentively at work on self-chosen tasks, have agency…

  • Conclusion

    Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson•CHAPTER•Maria Montessori's Philosophy•2025

    This brief conclusion wraps up the themes of the book with a short reflection on the epitaph on Montessori’s final place of rest

  • Montessori, math, and materials: A case of extended cognition

    Open Access•Patrick R Frierson, Patrick Frierson et al.•ARTICLE•Synthese•2025•References: 37

    In this article, we bring Maria Montessori’s pedagogy into conversation with contemporary developments in cognitive science and the philosophy of mind. In particular, we seek to show that Montessori’s “prepared environment” provides a context within which cognitive tasks are performed in the interfaces and interactions among brains, bodies, and concrete mathematical materials. For ease of illustration, we will focus on one particular Montessori m…

Epistemology (16 works) · Philosophy (16 works) · Philosophical Ethics and Theory (11 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Education Methods and Practices (5 works) · Metaphysics (5 works) · Philosophy (5 works) · Political science (5 works)

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