Peter Vallentyne
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 968976 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Peter Vallentyne |
| NOMBRES | Peter |
| APELLIDO | Vallentyne |
| FIRMA | VALLENTYNE P |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Missouri |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 6 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1987 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy Volume 10
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy Volume 8
This is the eighth volume of Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy. Since its revival in the 1970s, political philosophy has been a vibrant field in philosophy, one that intersects with jurisprudence, normative economics, political theory in political science departments, and just war theory. OSPP aims to publish some of the best contemporary work in political philosophy and these closely related subfields. This volume features nine chapters tha…
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy Volume 7
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy Volume 6
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy Volume 6
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy Volume 5
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy Volume 4
This is the fourth volume of the continuing series, Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy. We collect here new and refereed work by leaders in the field. Authors in this volume are Zofia Stemplowska and Adam Swift, Thomas Sinclair, Allen Buchanan, Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, Zoltan Miklosi, Ralf M. Bader, Alex Voorhoeve, and Alex Zakaras. The chapters are grouped into three categories: Legitimacy, Egalitarianism, and Liberty and Coercion. They add…
Libertarianism, Left and Right
This chapter explores the libertarian account of distributive justice. It explains the self-ownership thesis and then considers criticisms relating to indeterminacy, small incursions, and enforceable duties of assistance. It then turns to questions relating to natural resources, including whether they are initially owned, the conditions under which they may be appropriated, and the right vs left libertarian debate over whether or not they should …
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy
Liberal Equality and the Moral Status of Parent-Child Relationships
The justification of the parent-child relationship that lies at the core of the family raises two main challenges for liberal egalitarianism: the challenge of authority and the challenge of partiality. These point, respectively, to the burdens of justifying to children their parents’ having rights over them, and to third parties parents’ favoring of their children in ways that negatively affects others. This paper examines some recent attempts at…
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy, Volume 2
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy, Volume 1
This is the inaugural volume of 'Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy'. Since its revival in the 1970s, political philosophy has been a vibrant field in philosophy-one that intersects with jurisprudence, normative economics, political theory in political science departments, and just war theory. This series aims to publish some of the best contemporary work in political philosophy and these closely related subfields. This first volume addresses…
Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy
Justice, interpersonal morality, and luck egalitarianism
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Distributive Justice and Access to Advantage
G. A. Cohen was one of the world's leading political theorists. He was noted, in particular, for his contributions to the literature of egalitarian justice. Cohen's classic writings offer one of the most influential responses to the currency of the egalitarian justice question – the question, that is, of whether egalitarians should seek to equalize welfare, resources, opportunity, or some other indicator of well-being. Underlying Cohen's argument…
Left-Libertarianism
Libertarianism is a family of theories of justice, each member of which is committed to full self-ownership and certain moral powers to acquire property rights in natural resources and other unowned resources. Right libertarianism imposes no or very weak distributive constraints on the moral powers of appropriation, whereas left-libertarianism imposes certain egalitarian constraints on these powers. This article discusses and defends left-liberta…
Libertarianism and the Justice of a Basic Income
Whether justice requires, or even permits, a basic income depends on two issues: 1. Does justice permit taxation to generate revenues for distribution to others? 2. If so, does justice require, or even permit, equal and unconditional distribution for some portion of the tax revenues? I claim the following: 1. although all forms of libertarianism reject the nonconsensual taxation of labor and the products of labor, all but radical right-libertaria…
Nozick’s libertarian theory of justice
In Anarchy, State, and Utopia (ASU) , Robert Nozick sketches and motivates a libertarian theory of justice and then uses it to argue that a minimal state, but nothing stronger, can be just. In this chapter, I focus on explaining and assessing his libertarian theory. My focus will be on laying out the basics and identifying how they can be challenged. I shall not address his argument for the minimal state. JUSTICE Although Nozick frequently (and c…
The Cambridge Companion to Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia
Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974) is recognised as a classic of modern political philosophy. Along with John Rawls's A Theory of Justice (1971), it is widely credited with breathing new life into the discipline in the second half of the twentieth century. This Companion presents a balanced and comprehensive assessment of Nozick's contribution to political philosophy. In engaging and accessible chapters, the contributors analyse No…
Left‐Libertarianism and Liberty
This chapter contains sections titled: Justice Libertarianism Full Self-Ownership Freedom: Liberty and Security Natural Resources: Liberty Rights to Use and Moral Powers to Appropriate Notes References
On the Possibility of Nonaggregative Priority for the Worst Off
We address the question of whether there is a prioritarian moral theory that both (1) avoids giving absolute priority to the worst off (as leximin does) but (2) does not allow arbitrarily small benefits to enough extremely affluent people to take priority over a significant benefit to a worst off person in abject poverty. We argue that this is possible only if one rejects some seemingly plausible conditions.
Jonathan Wolff and Avner De-Shalit, Disadvantage (Oxford
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Broome on Moral Goodness and Population Ethics
Brute luck and responsibility
The concept of agent-responsibility for an outcome (that is, of the outcome reflecting the autonomous choice of the agent) is central to both ethics and political philosophy. The concept, however, remains radically under-explored. In particular, the issue of partial responsibility for an outcome needs further development. I propose an account of partial responsibility based on partial causal contribution. Agents who choose autonomously in full kn…
Left-Libertarianism as a Promising Form of Liberal Egalitarianism
http://klinechair.missouri.edu/on-line%20papers/Left-libertarianism%20as%20liberal%20egalitarianism.docx
Why Left‐Libertarianism Is Not Incoherent, Indeterminate, or Irrelevant
Over the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in leftlibertarianism, which holds (roughly) that agents fully own themselves and that natural resources (land, minerals, air, and the like) belong to everyone in some egalitarian sense.Left-libertarianism agrees with the more familiar right-libertarianism about self-ownership, but radically disagrees with it about the power to acquire ownership of natural resources.Merely being the fi…
Utilitarianism, Hedonism, and Desert
Debate
Brute luck and responsibility
The concept of agent-responsibility for an outcome (that is, of the outcome reflecting the autonomous choice of the agent) is central to both ethics and political philosophy. The concept, however, remains radically under-explored. In particular, the issue of partial responsibility for an outcome needs further development. I propose an account of partial responsibility based on partial causal contribution. Agents who choose autonomously in full kn…
Taking Justice Too Seriously
One of the standard objections to traditional act utilitarianism is that it is insensitive to issues of justice and desert. Traditional act utilitarianism holds, for example, that it is morally obligatory to torture or kill an innocent person, when doing so increases the happiness of others more than it decreases the happiness of the innocent person. Utilitarianism is, of course, sensitive to what people believe about justice (for example, people…
Hurley on Justice and Responsibility
Standard Decision Theory Corrected
Explicating Lawhood
D. M. Armstrong, Michael Tooley, and Fred Dretske have recently proposed a new realist account of laws of nature, according to which laws of nature are objective relations between universals. After criticizing this account, I develop an alternative realist account, according to which (1) the nomic structure of a world is a relation between initial world-histories and world-histories, and (2) a law of nature is a fact that holds solely in virtue o…
Jonathan Wolff and Avner De-Shalit, Disadvantage (Oxford
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Broome on Moral Goodness and Population Ethics
Utilitarianism and the Outcomes of Actions
The teleological/deontological distinction
Rights Based Paretianism
An ethical theory is axiological just in case it makes the permissibility of actions depend solely on considerations of goodness. Act utilitarianism is the paradigm axiological theory. An ethical theory is a pure rights theory just in case it judges an action permissible if and only if it violates no one’s rights. Libertarianism is a paradigm pure rights theory. I shall formulate and defend a type of axiological theory that, unlike act utilitaria…
Teleology, consequentialism, and the past
Explicating Lawhood
D. M. Armstrong, Michael Tooley, and Fred Dretske have recently proposed a new realist account of laws of nature, according to which laws of nature are objective relations between universals. After criticizing this account, I develop an alternative realist account, according to which (1) the nomic structure of a world is a relation between initial world-histories and world-histories, and (2) a law of nature is a fact that holds solely in virtue o…
How to combine pareto optimality with liberty considerations
The Problem of Unauthorized Welfare
I shall address a familiar, yet persistent, problem confronted by welfare-based moral theories. Welfare is often based on attitudes. Many people's pleasure, happiness, or preference satisfaction, for example, are based on racist, sexist, envious, meddlesome, or malicious attitudes. Is welfare derived from such sources relevant to the determination of what is morally permissible? Almost everyone has at least some suspect attitudes, so to ignore we…
The Connection Between Prudential and Moral Goodness
Moral Dealing
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Moral Dealing: Contract, Ethics, and Reason. By David Gauthier. (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell UP, 1990. Pp. viii + 371. Price $43.95 h/b, S14.95 p/b.)Contractarianism and Rational Choice: Essays on David Gauthier's Morals by Agreement. Edited by Peter Vallentyne. ( Cambridge UP, 1991. Pp. xiv + 339. Price £35.00 h/b, £12.95 p/b.) Rex Martin Rex Martin University of Kansas Search for other works by this author on: …
Infinite Utility and Temporal Neutrality
Suppose that time is infinitely long towards the future, and that each feasible action produces a finite amount of utility at each time. Then, under appropriate conditions, each action produces an infinite amount of utility. Does this mean that utilitarianism lacks the resources to discriminate among such actions? Since each action produces the same infinite amount of utility, it seems that utilitarianism must judge all actions permissible, judge…
Equal Justice
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Equal Justice. By Eric Rakowski. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. Pp. xii + 385. Price £40.00 h/b, £13.95 p/b.) Peter Vallentyne Peter Vallentyne Virginia Commonwealth University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 44, Issue 174, January 1994, Pages 129–132, https://doi.org/10.2307/2220161 Published: 01 January 1994
Taking Justice Too Seriously
One of the standard objections to traditional act utilitarianism is that it is insensitive to issues of justice and desert. Traditional act utilitarianism holds, for example, that it is morally obligatory to torture or kill an innocent person, when doing so increases the happiness of others more than it decreases the happiness of the innocent person. Utilitarianism is, of course, sensitive to what people believe about justice (for example, people…
Practical Guilt
P.S. Greenspan argues that dilemmas may be regarded as possible consequences of a set of social rules designed to be simple enough to be teachable. Where these rules prohibit action either way, the problematic motivational force of dilemmas can be explained by reference to the role of emotion as a second-best substitute for action. Guilt is seen as a natural but contested candidate for the sort of emotional sanction for wrongdoing that might supp…
Self-Ownership and Equality
Self-Ownership and Equality
G.A. Cohen, Self-Ownership, Freedom, and Equality. Cambridge
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The Nomic Role Account of Carving Reality At the Joints
On Economic Inequality
Le libertarisme de gauche et la justice
Vallentyne Peter. Le libertarisme de gauche et la justice. In: Revue économique, volume 50, n°4, 1999. pp. 859-878
Equality, efficiency, and the priority of the worse-off
Egalitarian theories of justice hold that equality should be promoted. Typically, perfect equality will not be achievable, and it will be necessary to determine which of various unequal distributions is the most equal. All plausible conceptions of equality hold that, where perfect equality does not obtain, (1) any benefit (no matter how small) to a worst-off person that leaves him/her still a worst-off person has priority (with respect to equalit…
The Origins of Left-Libertarianism
Preface A Note on the Translations Introduction: Left-Libertarianism: Historical Origins J.Cunliffe The General Right of Things H.Grotius On the Origin of Dominion S.Pufendorf Of Slavery and Property J.Locke Of the Right of Property in Land as Derived from the Law of Nature W.Ogilvie Rights of Usufruct and Future Generations T.Jefferson The Real Rights of Man T.Spence Agrarian Justice T.Paine Land, Labor, and Property H.de Colin Christian Sociali…
Standard Decision Theory Corrected
Utilitarianism, Hedonism, and Desert
Brute Luck Equality and Desert
In recent years, interest in desert-based theories of justice has increased, and this seems to represent a challenge to equality-based theories of justice.1 The best distribution of outcome-advantage with respect to desert, after all, need not be the most equal distribution of outcome-advantage. Some individuals may deserve more than others. Outcome egalitarianism is, however, implausible, and so the conflict of outcome desert with outcome equali…
Libertarisme, propriété de soi et homicide consensuel
Vallentyne Peter. Libertarisme, propriété de soi et homicide consensuel. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Quatrième série, tome 101, n°1, 2003. pp. 5-25
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