Gary T Marx
Biographic Data
| ID | 97185 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gary T Marx |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gary T |
| FAMILY NAME | Marx |
| SIGNATURE | MARX G T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 76 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 494 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 73 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1967 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Soft Surveillance: A Growth of Mandatory Volunteerism in Collecting Personal Information — “Hey Buddy Can You Spare a DNA?”
Le développement accéléré des technologies de communication, de saisie et de traitement de l’information durant les dernières années décennies ouvre la voie à de nouveaux moyens de contrôle social. Selon l’auteur Gary Marx ceux-ci sont de nature non coercitive et permettent à des acteurs privés ou publics d’obtenir des informations personnelles sur des individus sans que ceux-ci y consentent ou mêmes sans qu’ils en soient conscients. Ces moyens d…
Erving Goffman at 100: A Chameleon Seen as a Rorschach Test within a Kaleidoscope
The 100th anniversary of Erving Goffman's birth was in 2022. Drawing on his work, the Goffman archives, the secondary literature, and personal experiences with him and those in his university of Chicago cohort, I reflect on some implications of his work and life, and the inseparable issues of understanding society. This paper seeks to make some sense of the highly varied, often conflicting, characterizations of Goffman. He was the ultimate Rorsch…
Humor and Surveillance - “That’s Not Funny” (Or Is It?): For Professor Serge Gutwirth on his Retirement
reflects the symbiotic relations between life and art.Marston
Authors of Their Own Lives: Intellectual Autobiographies by Twenty American Sociologists
An essay on complex problems and simple solutions: Techno-fallacies of the information age1
For every complex problem, there is asolution that is simple, neat and wrong.H.L. MenckenIt is not possible, and never will be possible, to predict the future.We are left with surmise, intuition, hunch, and hope.R. Nisbet
Not for Kids Only: A History of Surveillance through a Graphic Novel
I am here to fight for truth, justice and the American way.—Superman, 1978It’s too bad for us “literary” enthusiasts, but it’s the truth nevertheless—pictures tell any story more effectively than w
Windows into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology
With Windows into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology, Gary T. Marx provides a compendium of surveillance and society, deftly weaving concise, encyclopedic description w
Windows into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology
Journal Article Windows into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology. Get access University of Chicago Press, 2016. 404 pages. https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/bo22228665.html Gary T Marx Gary T Marx Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 98, Issue 4, June 2020, Pages 1–3, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz123 Published: 28 August 2019 Article histo…
I Break in Order to Reveal”. Fran Morente Interview with Gary T. Marx
Changes in the Policing of Civil Disorders Since the Kerner Report: The Police Response to Ferguson, August 2014, and Some Implications for the Twenty-First Century
Patrick F. Gillham, Gary T. Marx, Changes in the Policing of Civil Disorders Since the Kerner Report: The Police Response to Ferguson, August 2014, and Some Implications for the Twenty-First Century, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 6, The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Kerner Commission Report (September 2018), pp. 122-143
Privacy
Privacy, like the weather, is much discussed, little understood, and difficult to control. It is a multidimensional concept with fluid and often ill‐defined, contested, and negotiated borders, depending on the context and the culture. Along with its opposite, publicity , it is nonetheless a cornerstone of modern society's ideas of the person and of democracy. As the impacts of computerization on society (and the reverse) become ever more apparent…
Windows into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology
Surveillance and Surveys: The Soft Interview of the Future
Surveillance Studies
Technology and Social Control
Social Dimensions of Privacy: Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Written by a select international group of leading privacy scholars, Social Dimensions of Privacy endorses and develops an innovative approach to privacy. By debating topical privacy cases in their specific research areas, the contributors explore the new privacy-sensitive areas: legal scholars and political theorists discuss the European and American approaches to privacy regulation; sociologists explore new forms of surveillance and privacy on …
Presentation of the Surveillance Studies Network Outstanding Achievement Award
A transcript of the presentation of the Surveillance Studies Network Outstanding Achievement Award to Gary T. Marx at the Surveillance & Society Biennial Conference, Barcelona, April 2014
Toward an Imperial System of Surveillance Ethics
Looking at Smelser’s Theory of Collective Behavior After Almost 50 Years: A Review and Appreciation
Caveat Emptor: A Perspective on Consumer Privacy Online
Cough a Little upon Entering’: Some Reflections on the History of Surreptitious Spectatorship - An extended review of: Locke's Eavesdropping: An Intimate History
This is an extended review of Locke's Eavesdropping: An Intimate History
From the Beginning: Children as Subjects and Agents of Surveillance
This article examines the claims made by surveillance entrepreneurs selling surveillance to parents and government agencies responsible for children. Technologies examined include pre-natal testing, baby monitors and nanny cams, RFID-enabled clothing, GPS tracking devices, cell phones, home drug and semen tests, and surveillance toys. We argue that governments, both in the contest of health care and education, use surveillance to identify and “ma…
Simmel on Secrecy
Using Simmel's article "The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies" as a point of departure (Simmel 1906: 441–498), this chapter examines selected aspects of the social scientific field of secrecy. As Simmel conceptualized it, the secret is a central means for information control in contemporary society. A brief survey of Simmel's writing on secrecy leads to a first conclusion that Simmel's impact was rather diffuse at best. As is consisten…
A Tack in the Shoe and Taking off the Shoe Neutralization and Counter-neutralization Dynamics
Through a discussion of neutralization and counter-neutralization dynamics, the author highlights some of the theoretical and methodological issues involved in looking at individual resistance to surveillance
Personal Information, Borders, and the New Surveillance Studies
This article reviews and critiques recent scholarship on surveillance and communication technology that involves the crossing of personal information borders. A Sociology of Information framework focusing on the normative elements is proposed as a way to integrate this variegated field. Empirical analysis is particularly needed to test the claims of surveillance scholars, and we suggest some hypotheses. The article concludes with a consideration …
Strands of Theory and Research in Collective Behavior
Thoughts on a Neglected Category of Social Movement Participant: The Agent Provocateur and the Informant
This article considers the hitherto unexplored phenomenon of the informant as used by authorities in their response to social movements. The origins and motives of informants, their roles in radical groups, and factors conducive to their becoming agents provocateurs are explored. Suggestions for further research and conclusions about the effects of using informants are offered
What's New About the "New Surveillance"? Classifying for Change and Continuity
A critique of the dictionary definition of surveillance as 'close observation, especially of a suspected person'; is offered. Much surveillance is applied categorically and beyond persons to places, spaces, networks and categories of person and the distinction between self and other surveillance can be blurred. Drawing from characteristics of the technology, the data collection process and the nature of the data, this article identifies 28 dimens…
What's in a Name? Some Reflections on the Sociology of Anonymity
To paraphrase Mark Twain, reports of either the recent death or coming dominance of anonymity have been greatly exaggerated. This article is a beginning effort to lay out some of the conceptual landscape needed to better understand anonymity and identifiability in contemporary life. I suggest seven types of identity knowledge, involving legal name, location, symbols linked and not linked back to these through intermediaries, distinctive appearanc…
Religion: Opiate or Inspiration of Civil Rights Militancy Among Negroes
23 By treating alienation as a set of intervening variables, Seeman has advocated reducing the polemic element in alienation by empirically determining if the structural conditions of mass society have the presumed alienative effects and if the kinds and degrees of alienation have the behavioral consequences often specified. See Melvin Seeman, Social Learning Theory and the Theory of Mass Society, paper presented to the American Sociological Asso…
Protest and prejudice: A Study of Belief in the Black Community
"Volume three in a series based on the University of California Five-year study of anit-Semitism in the United States, being conducted by the Survey Research Center...under a grant from the Anti-defamation League of B'nai B'rith."
A Tack in the Shoe: Neutralizing and Resisting the New Surveillance
Eleven behavioral techniques of neutralization intended to subvert the collection of personal information are discussed: discovery moves, avoidance moves, piggybacking moves, switching moves, distorting moves, blocking moves, masking moves, breaking moves, refusal moves, cooperative moves and counter‐surveillance moves. In Western liberal democracies the advantages of technological and other strategic surveillance developments are often short‐liv…
Issueless Riots
Recent work on collective violence has produced a needed corrective to the one-sided image of riotous crowds held by earlier theorists. But we have failed to give adequate attention to instances of rioting crowds where protest, ideology, and grievance are relatively absent. The exclusive contempo rary focus on protest riots (however interesting and accessible) may obscure certain general predisposing factors, psychological states, social processe…
Seeing Hazily (But Not Darkly) Through the Lens: Some Recent Empirical Studies of Surveillance Technologies
Ethics for the New Surveillance
From the Beginning: Children as Subjects and Agents of Surveillance
This article examines the claims made by surveillance entrepreneurs selling surveillance to parents and government agencies responsible for children. Technologies examined include pre-natal testing, baby monitors and nanny cams, RFID-enabled clothing, GPS tracking devices, cell phones, home drug and semen tests, and surveillance toys. We argue that governments, both in the contest of health care and education, use surveillance to identify and “ma…
A Tack in the Shoe and Taking off the Shoe Neutralization and Counter-neutralization Dynamics
Through a discussion of neutralization and counter-neutralization dynamics, the author highlights some of the theoretical and methodological issues involved in looking at individual resistance to surveillance
Citizen Involvement in the Law Enforcement Process: The Case of Community Police Patrols
Civil Disorder and the Agents of Social Control 1
Of methods and manners for aspiring sociologists: 37 Moral Imperatives
Role models and role distance: A remembrance of Erving Goffman
Desperately Seeking Surveillance Studies: Players in Search of a Field
A Second Chicago School? The Development of a Postwar American Sociology
From 1945 to about 1960, the University of was home to a group of faculty and graduate students whose work has come to define what many call a second Chicago School of sociology. Like its predecessor earlier in the century, the postwar department was again the center for qualitative social research - on everything from mapping the nuances of human behaviour in small groups to seeking solutions to problems of race, crime and poverty. Howard Becker…
Personal Information, Borders, and the New Surveillance Studies
This article reviews and critiques recent scholarship on surveillance and communication technology that involves the crossing of personal information borders. A Sociology of Information framework focusing on the normative elements is proposed as a way to integrate this variegated field. Empirical analysis is particularly needed to test the claims of surveillance scholars, and we suggest some hypotheses. The article concludes with a consideration …
La société de sécurité maximale
Critical questions regarding the technology of social control are considered. Characteristics of the maximum security prison are used as a model to analyze developments in the broader society. We are moving toward, rather than away from becoming a maximum security society. Such a society is composed of six interrelated sub-societies: 1. an engineered society; 2. a dossier society; 3. an actuarial or predictive society; 4. a porous society; 5. a s…
When the guards guard themselves: Undercover tactics turned inward
The perennial issue of "who guards the guards?" has taken a new turn in the U.S. with the increased use of covert means to ferret out corruption among police, prison guards, prosecutors, defense attorneys and judges. This specialized use is located within the recent general expansion of undercover policing in the United States. Theoretical issues involved in controlling the controllers, empirical examples, intended and unintended consequences and…
Majority Involvement in Minority Movements: Civil Rights, Abolition, Untouchability 1
Social movements seeking to change the subordinate status of ethnic minorities have drawn activists from both the minority and dominant groups. Conflict has at times developed between movement members of these two groups. In a comparative analysis of three movements—the civil rights movement, the anti‐slavery cause in the U.S., and the movement to abolish Untouchability in India—the sources of tension appear quite similar. Ideologically, minority…
Changes in the Policing of Civil Disorders Since the Kerner Report: The Police Response to Ferguson, August 2014, and Some Implications for the Twenty-First Century
Patrick F. Gillham, Gary T. Marx, Changes in the Policing of Civil Disorders Since the Kerner Report: The Police Response to Ferguson, August 2014, and Some Implications for the Twenty-First Century, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 6, The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Kerner Commission Report (September 2018), pp. 122-143
Rocky Bottoms: Techno-Fallacies of an Age of Information
I am here to fight for truth, justice and the American way . —Superman 1978 This article uses a true fiction speech by Mr. Richard Rocky Bottoms to illustrate a number of background beliefs underlying contemporary perspectives on social control, borders and surveillance, and on technology more broadly. Rocky Bottoms exists only in the imagination, but the arguments he puts forth and the behavior he reflects are prevalent, and increasingly dominan…
Only Connect”—E. M. Forster in an Age of Electronic Communication: Computer‐Mediated Association and Community Networks
In this article, we construct a framework for distinguishing various types of computer‐mediated communities. Once that is done, we move on to the analysis of “community networks.” Community networks are systems that electronically connect individuals who also share common geographic space. Considering data gathered from 1994 to 1995, we suggest some problems concerning community networks as a locus of computer‐mediated interaction. In addition, w…
Protest and prejudice: A Study of Belief in the Black Community
"Volume three in a series based on the University of California Five-year study of anit-Semitism in the United States, being conducted by the Survey Research Center...under a grant from the Anti-defamation League of B'nai B'rith."
The White Negro and the Negro White
Religion: Opiate or Inspiration of Civil Rights Militancy Among Negroes
23 By treating alienation as a set of intervening variables, Seeman has advocated reducing the polemic element in alienation by empirically determining if the structural conditions of mass society have the presumed alienative effects and if the kinds and degrees of alienation have the behavioral consequences often specified. See Melvin Seeman, Social Learning Theory and the Theory of Mass Society, paper presented to the American Sociological Asso…
Protest and Prejudice: A Study of Belief in the Black Community
Protest and Prejudice: A Study of Belief in the Black Community
Black Neighbors: Negroes in a Northern Rural Community
Protest and Prejudice: A Study of Belief in the Black Community
Civil Disorder and the Agents of Social Control 1
Issueless Riots
Recent work on collective violence has produced a needed corrective to the one-sided image of riotous crowds held by earlier theorists. But we have failed to give adequate attention to instances of rioting crowds where protest, ideology, and grievance are relatively absent. The exclusive contempo rary focus on protest riots (however interesting and accessible) may obscure certain general predisposing factors, psychological states, social processe…
Majority Involvement in Minority Movements: Civil Rights, Abolition, Untouchability 1
Social movements seeking to change the subordinate status of ethnic minorities have drawn activists from both the minority and dominant groups. Conflict has at times developed between movement members of these two groups. In a comparative analysis of three movements—the civil rights movement, the anti‐slavery cause in the U.S., and the movement to abolish Untouchability in India—the sources of tension appear quite similar. Ideologically, minority…
Citizen Involvement in the Law Enforcement Process: The Case of Community Police Patrols
Muckraking Sociology: Research as Social Criticism
L'agent provocateur et l'indicateur
Dans les mouvements sociaux, les groupes clandestins ont un rôle important et peu analysé pour d'évidentes raisons. Une des voies possibles, dans la meilleure tradition d'une sociologie d'observation du repérable, est de partir de l'interaction entre la police et les mouvements clandestins. L'auteur, examinant comment les indicateurs parviennent à s'infiltrer, quelles sont pour ce faire leurs motivations et les masques qu'ils prennent, produit à …
Thoughts on a Neglected Category of Social Movement Participant: The Agent Provocateur and the Informant
This article considers the hitherto unexplored phenomenon of the informant as used by authorities in their response to social movements. The origins and motives of informants, their roles in radical groups, and factors conducive to their becoming agents provocateurs are explored. Suggestions for further research and conclusions about the effects of using informants are offered
Strands of Theory and Research in Collective Behavior
The Rebellious Century 1830-1930
Community self-defense
The New Police Undercover Work
Routinizing the Discovery of Secrets: Computers as Informants
Role models and role distance: A remembrance of Erving Goffman
La loi et l'ordre en pratique: Une approche nouvelle de la violence raciale par la ville de Boston
Un des résultats les mieux et les plus anciennement assurés de la recherche sociologique sur la police en Amérique du Nord établit que celle-ci est beaucoup plus efficace pour le maintien de l'ordre quotidien que pour la prévention et la répression de la délinquance. A l'interstice des deux, sans relever réellement de chacun, la violence raciale ordinaire passe aisément au travers de ses filets, et d'autant plus que la police manifeste d'ordinair…
Restoring Realism and Logic to the Covert Facilitation Debate
Undercover: Police Surveillance in America
Providing a rich picture of past and present undercover work, and drawing on unpublished documents and interviews with the FBI and local police, this penetrating study examines the variety of undercover operations and the ethical issues and empirical assumptions raised when the state officially sanctions deception and trickery and allows its agents to participate in crime.
La société de sécurité maximale
Critical questions regarding the technology of social control are considered. Characteristics of the maximum security prison are used as a model to analyze developments in the broader society. We are moving toward, rather than away from becoming a maximum security society. Such a society is composed of six interrelated sub-societies: 1. an engineered society; 2. a dossier society; 3. an actuarial or predictive society; 4. a porous society; 5. a s…
Deceiving the Deceivers: When Cops Go Underground
Sociology (47 works) · Political science (45 works) · Computer Science (26 works) · Law (25 works) · Psychology (23 works) · Law (17 works) · Epistemology (16 works) · Philosophy (14 works) · Criminology (13 works) · Privacy, Security, and Data Protection (12 works)