Robert Elgie
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 972607 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Robert Elgie |
| NOMBRES | Robert |
| APELLIDO | Elgie |
| FIRMA | ELGIE R |
| AFILIACIONES | Dublin City University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5334-4796 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 89 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 830 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 76 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 13 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1970 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 18 |
The Oxford Handbook of Political Executives
The existence of a political executive is a key feature of any political system: from eminently democratic regimes to totalitarian dictatorships, and every shade in between. In recent decades the long-term trend of putting constitutional and democratic constraints on the political executive is reversed. In addition to an autocratic turn in some countries, internationalization, securitization and a growing need for coordination shift the balance b…
Oxford Handbook of Political Executives
This handbook provides definitive reference work on political executives and their key role in political systems. It records the current theoretical and methodological debates and sets the agenda for future research in this prominent and extremely wide-ranging field of research.
An Intellectual History of the Concepts of Premier-Presidentialism and President-Parliamentarism
Shugart and Carey introduced the twin concepts of premier-presidentialism and president-parliamentarism in their 1992 volume, Presidents and Assemblies. Based on a meta-analysis of journal articles and book publications, this article distinguishes between an early and a contemporary history of the two concepts. The period of early history runs from 1992 to around 2009. This was the time when the two concepts were entering the academic consciousne…
Tribute to Robert Elgie (1965–2019)
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The Politics of Presidential Term Limits
Presidential term limits are one of the most important institutions in presidentialism. They are at the center of contemporary and historical debates and political battles between incumbent presidents seeking additional terms and their political opponents warning against democratic backsliding and the dangers of personalism. Bringing the team of country experts, comparativists, theorists, constitutional lawyers, and policy practitioners together,…
Politics of Presidential Term Limits
Toward a comparative politics of France
Presidentialisation
This article focuses on the two main contributions to the contemporary academic debate about the term ‘presidentialisation’, namely the books by Samuels and Shugart and Poguntke and Webb. The aim is not to rehearse critiques that have already been made about this term or to add another to the list. Instead, the aim is to distinguish between two different ways in which the same term has been applied in the two studies. Both sets of authors are con…
Political Leadership
This book provides a philosophically informed, institutionalist account of political leadership. It is rooted in a certain version of the American pragmatist philosophical tradition and privileges the
Why do authoritarian regimes adopt bicameralism? Cooptation, control, and masking controversial reforms
The adoption of bicameralism in the world is increasingly an authoritarian phenomenon: while the percentage of bicameral democracies is in decline, there has been a steady increase in bicameral non-democracies. What makes non-democracies turn to bicameralism? We argue that bicameralism may serve as a means of post-conflict reconciliation or control of the legislature when the opposition gains seats in the lower chamber. We also propose a novel ex…
On new forms of government
The article by Ganghof, Eppner and Pörschke discusses the concept of semi-parliamentarism. This concept is very useful and will be used in future empirical studies. This short commentary provides a constructive critique of the concept, noting that only two countries currently meet the definitional criteria for the concept, that normative criteria should be avoided when defining regimes, that the definition introduces new criteria for classifying …
Executive Politics in France
This chapter begins by reviewing the study of executive politics comparatively. It then reviews the study of executive politics in France, showing how scholars based in France were once at the cutting edge of international scholarship in this area. However, with the turn of French political science to political sociology, the study of the French executive tends to be carried out more by scholars outside France and by comparativists rather than by…
Defense and Security Policy
This chapter examines what the international literature tells us about French security and defense policy, but also what the French case teaches us about this literature. French scholarship on security and defense policy has demonstrated three main trends: the legacy of Charles de Gaulle’s vision and policies, a strongly policy-oriented production, and the influence of sociological approaches in French political science more generally. These tren…
Challenges to French Public Administration
This chapter aims to characterize the French administrative system and its contemporary transformations, by identifying the dynamics and diversity of the research conducted on this subject in the disciplines of sociology, political science, and in history. Adopting a comparative perspective, it emphasizes the richness of research programs on the French bureaucracy, its institutions, regulation, reforms, and agents. Four pillars of the French admi…
The Oxford Handbook of French Politics
The Oxford Handbook of French Politics provides a comprehensive and comparative overview of political science research on France. The volume brings together established and emerging scholars who specialize in the study of France to reflect on the evolution of the French political system through the lens of political science. The Handbook is organized into three sections: the first sectionidentifies foundational concepts for the French case, inclu…
The French Way to Multi-Level Governance
Originally emerging from the field of EU studies, the notion and approach of multi-level governance (MLG) have progressively been transferred to a variety of other subfields. This chapter argues that three particularities characterize the way in which French political scientists have dealt with governance and MLG. First, the notion of governance has not had great success since the existing notion of government has long been used in a sociological…
Regional and Local Government
The French state is increasingly exposed to new economic, social, and cultural logics. The growing power of local and regional authorities in the public policy process is one of the most striking features of the erosion of the Jacobin myth of the unity and indivisibility of the Republic. The governance paradigm has fundamentally shifted the terms of the debate and brought French analysis further into the mainstream of international and European l…
Women’s Movements and Feminism
This chapter starts by exploring the ways in which comparative research on women’s movements has challenged dominant conceptions in social movement theory, notably the antagonism between movements and institutions and the conflation of protest and disruption. The chapter then turns to the specific insights of French research on the women’s movement and feminism. First, a series of studies have explored the politicization of gender identity and th…
The election of Emmanuel Macron and the new French party system
This article applies Maurice Duverger’s 1964 thesis of the éternel marais to the French party system following Emmanuel Macron’s victory in the 2017 presidential election. Duverger argued that for around 80 per cent of the period from 1789 to 1958, France had been governed from the centre, which he called the marais, with power shifting not between the left and the right, but between governments of the moderate left and the moderate right. At the…
The (not-so-surprising) non-partisanship of the Irish Supreme Court
There is a growing literature which argues that courts are effectively legislators. As a result, political leaders have an incentive to control judicial decisions by appointing justices whose policy preferences are as close to their own as possible. For this reason, in many countries judicial appointments to the highest courts have become highly politicised. This can be for a number of reasons. One is the ideology of the Justices, the other is th…
Varieties of Presidentialism & of Leadership Outcomes
This essay explores aspects of the relationship between political leadership and institutional power, comparing the different forms that presidential institutions have taken across the world and identifying the relationship between these structures and social, political, and economic outcomes. Semipresidential systems are distinguished from presidential systems, and within the former, a distinction is made between president-parliamentary and prem…
Three waves of semi-presidential studies
This article reviews the scholarship on semi-presidentialism since the early 1990s. We identify three waves of semi-presidential studies. The first wave focused on the concept of semi-presidentialism, how it should be defined, and what countries should be classified as semi-presidential. The second wave examined the effect of semi-presidential institutions on newly democratized countries. Does semi-presidentialism help or hinder the process of de…
Maximizing the Reliability of Cross-National Measures of Presidential Power
This article aims to maximize the reliability of presidential power scores for a larger number of countries and time periods than currently exists for any single measure, and in a way that is replicable and easy to update. It begins by identifying all of the studies that have estimated the effect of a presidential power variable, clarifying what scholars have attempted to capture when they have operationalized the concept of presidential power. I…
Studying political leadership
Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance
Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative Perspectives." West European Politics, 37(5), pp. 1187–1188
The Effect of Increased Women's Representation in Parliament
Journal Article The Effect of Increased Women's Representation in Parliament: The Case of Rwanda Get access Claire Devlin, Claire Devlin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert Elgie Robert Elgie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Parliamentary Affairs, Volume 61, Issue 2, April 2008, Pages 237–254, https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsn007 Published: 23 February 2008
Maximizing the Reliability of Cross-National Measures of Presidential Power
This article aims to maximize the reliability of presidential power scores for a larger number of countries and time periods than currently exists for any single measure, and in a way that is replicable and easy to update. It begins by identifying all of the studies that have estimated the effect of a presidential power variable, clarifying what scholars have attempted to capture when they have operationalized the concept of presidential power. I…
The politics of the European Central Bank
The institutional design of the European Central Bank (ECB) has been the subject of considerable political debate. In particular, it has been argued that the Bank suffers from a 'democratic deficit'. This article applies the principal- agent approach to this debate so as to identify more dearly the logic that underpins the basic arguments about the democratic legitimacy of the ECB. Moreover, on the assumption that the Bank does suffer from a demo…
Credible Commitment, Political Uncertainty or Policy Complexity? Explaining Variations in the Independence of Non-majoritarian Institutions in France
A common feature of contemporary political systems is the increasing amount of delegation from governments to non-majoritarian institutions. Governments may decide to delegate authority to such institutions for reasons relating to credible commitments, political uncertainty and policy complexity. This article focuses on Independent Administrative Authorities ( Autorités administratives indépendantes ) in France. We demonstrate that these institut…
Core Executive Studies Two Decades On
The concept of the ‘core executive’ was introduced by Dunleavy and Rhodes in 1990. Two decades on, what is the state of core executive studies? This article argues that the language of the study of central government has been transformed. In addition, there is now a much broader consideration of the central government space, incorporating ministers, civil servants, and so on. Within core executive studies, the resource‐dependency approach has bec…
From Linz to Tsebelis
The debate about the relative merits of presidentialism and parliamentarism has a long history, but it was revived in 1990 with Juan Linz's articles about the supposed perils of presidentialism and the virtues of parliamentarism. The argument presented in this review is that we are now witnessing a ‘third wave’ of presidential/parliamentary studies since 1990. The ‘first wave’ began with Linz's articles. It was characterized by a debate in which …
Models of Executive Politics
The study of executives politics has been characterized by dichotomous country-specific debates about whether there is, for example, prime ministerial or cabinet government. Recent work has established new terms for these debates leading to more pluralistic conceptualizations of executive politics. Nevertheless, this work has not created the conditions for rigorous cross-national comparison. This article establishes a framework to compare executi…
A Fresh Look at Semipresidentialism
This paper provides a definition of semipresidentialism and identifies the set of semipresidential countries in the world. It aims to isolate the independent impact of semipresidentialism on democratic performance. The conclusion is that countries should avoid highly presidentialised semipresidential systems, whereas semipresidential systems with ceremonial presidents and strong prime ministers have performed well. In semipresidential systems whe…
Semi-Presidentialism
In contrast to the work on presidentialism and parliamentarism, semi-presidentialism remains very much the poor relation in the debate about regime types. This is true both in the sense that there is less work on semi-presidential regimes and also because of the fact that semi-presidentialism has few advocates. This review examines the existing work on semi-presidentialism and asks three questions: What is semi-presidentialism? What is the main d…
Proximity, Candidates, and Presidential Power
We examine the impact of direct presidential elections on legislative party systems. We argue that presidential power (PRESPOW) shapes the effective number of presidential candidates in a way that has a reductive effect on the legislative party system within an intermediary range of PRESPOW. We also argue that this proposition should be tested solely on the population of countries with direct presidential elections. We find that the effect of pre…
The classification of democratic regime types
This article examines the classification of regime types. It shows that most writers classify regime types with reference to both their dispositional properties (whether there is a president and/or a prime minister, whether or not they are popularly elected and whether or not they serve for a fixed term) and their relational properties (the actual patterns of executive politics in the political system). It is argued that this juxtaposition of dis…
The Perils of Semi-Presidentialism. Are They Exaggerated
There is a standard academic consensus that semi-presidentialism is perilous for new democracies. In particular, this is because semi-presidential countries run the risk of experiencing difficult periods of 'cohabitation' between a president and a prime minister who are opposed to each other, and because they may also experience periods of divided minority government that encourage the president to rule by decree and subvert the rule of law. This…
Democratic accountability and central bank independence
Recently there has been a general move towards greater central bank independence in Europe. Countries such as Belgium, Britain, France and Spain have all increased the autonomy of their respective central banks. In this context, some people have argued that the prospects for democratic, representative government have been weakened. In these countries, democratically elected governments can no longer control the process of monetary policy making. …
Duverger, Semi-presidentialism and the Supposed French Archetype
The concept of semi-presidentialism was first operationalised by Maurice Duverger. There are now 17 countries with semi-presidential constitutions in Europe. Within this set of countries France is usually considered to be the archetypal example of semi-presidentialism. This article maps the main institutional and political features of European semi-presidentialism on the basis of Duverger's original three-fold schema. The most striking feature is…
Why Do Governments Delegate Authority to Quasi-Autonomous Agencies? The Case of Independent Administrative Authorities in France
In recent years, there has been a considerable degree of delegation from governments to quasi-autonomous agencies. Various reasons have been put forward to explain why governments decide to delegate authority in this way (Thatcher 2002, 129-139). Some reasons are based on a transactions cost approach, such as credible commitments. Other reasons are more contextual. For instance, governments may be responding to a process of cross-national policy …
Semi-presidentialism, Cohabitation and the Collapse of Electoral Democracies, 1990–2008
Semi-presidentialism is the situation where a constitution makes provision for both a directly elected fixed-term president and a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to the legislature. A common argument against the adoption of a semi-presidential constitution by a new democracy is the problem of cohabitation – where a president from one party holds power at the same time as a prime minister from an opposing party and where the preside…
Political fragmentation, fiscal deficits and political institutionalisation
Three waves of semi-presidential studies
This article reviews the scholarship on semi-presidentialism since the early 1990s. We identify three waves of semi-presidential studies. The first wave focused on the concept of semi-presidentialism, how it should be defined, and what countries should be classified as semi-presidential. The second wave examined the effect of semi-presidential institutions on newly democratized countries. Does semi-presidentialism help or hinder the process of de…
Leaders, Politics and Institutional Change
In the Westminster system the prime minister's active participation in parliamentary proceedings is a key mechanism for ensuring the accountability of the executive. We survey the evolution of the four main prime ministerial activities across the period 1868–1990. There has been a long-term decline in prime ministers' speeches in the Commons, a stepped decline in debating interventions and a significant decrease in question-answering from the lat…
Explaining the Onset of Cohabitation under Semi-presidentialism
Semi-presidentialism – where the constitution provides for both a directly elected fixed-term president and a prime minister and cabinet collectively responsible to the legislature – is an increasingly common form of government. For many observers cohabitation is the Achilles heel of semi-presidentialism. This article aims to identify the conditions that are associated with the onset of cohabitation. We specify a number of hypotheses that predict…
Presidentialisation
This article focuses on the two main contributions to the contemporary academic debate about the term ‘presidentialisation’, namely the books by Samuels and Shugart and Poguntke and Webb. The aim is not to rehearse critiques that have already been made about this term or to add another to the list. Instead, the aim is to distinguish between two different ways in which the same term has been applied in the two studies. Both sets of authors are con…
France
1991). France: The limits to prime‐ministerial government in a semi‐presidential system. West European Politics: Vol. 14, West European Prime Minister, pp. 62-78
Why do authoritarian regimes adopt bicameralism? Cooptation, control, and masking controversial reforms
The adoption of bicameralism in the world is increasingly an authoritarian phenomenon: while the percentage of bicameral democracies is in decline, there has been a steady increase in bicameral non-democracies. What makes non-democracies turn to bicameralism? We argue that bicameralism may serve as a means of post-conflict reconciliation or control of the legislature when the opposition gains seats in the lower chamber. We also propose a novel ex…
La cohabitation de longue durée
This article examines the politics of what the French call 'cohabitation' in the period 1997-2002. It identifies two different ways in which cohabitation is studied. The first assumes that each of the three periods of cohabitation has occurred under a unique set of political circumstances. The second argues that there have been institutional similarities between each of the three periods of cohabitation and that fundamentally the political situat…
An Intellectual History of the Concepts of Premier-Presidentialism and President-Parliamentarism
Shugart and Carey introduced the twin concepts of premier-presidentialism and president-parliamentarism in their 1992 volume, Presidents and Assemblies. Based on a meta-analysis of journal articles and book publications, this article distinguishes between an early and a contemporary history of the two concepts. The period of early history runs from 1992 to around 2009. This was the time when the two concepts were entering the academic consciousne…
Rural Inmigration, Urban Ghettoization, and Their Consequences
The Geography of Poverty in the United States
Geography, Racial Equality and Affirmative Action
The Segregation of Socioeconomic Groups in Urban Areas
The Metropolitan Structure of Southern Metropolitan Areas
Territorial social indicator construction
Social Class Segregation in Southern Metropolitan Areas
Although racial segregation within Southern urban areas has been much studied, little attention has been devoted to Southern communities' socioeconomic segregation prop erties. This article employs a residential differentiation index to examine this phenom enon. Findings suggest that socioeconomic segregation within the South approximates levels observed in national samples and is not attributable to racial segregation of blacks and whites of dis…
The Changing Structure of Nonmetropolitan Migration in the American Deep South
The United States and other post-industrial societies have recently undergone a form of population deconcentration characterized as rural-urban 'population turnaround'. This phenomenon may be attributed to changes in internal migration patterns. Explanations for such changes frequently imply that they have been accompanied by changes in the structure, or determinants, of migration. This study examines that thesis for a specific region, the Americ…
France
1991). France: The limits to prime‐ministerial government in a semi‐presidential system. West European Politics: Vol. 14, West European Prime Minister, pp. 62-78
Accounting for the survival of minority governments
This article examines the post‐electoral conditions under which minority governments operate. It is argued that a minority government will remain in office for so long as it enjoys the support of either a commitment to relations, to behaviour, or to outcomes. If no such commitments are forthcoming, then it will only continue to survive if there is a specific constitutional device upon which it can rely. This hypothesis is tested upon the situatio…
The Prime Minister's Office in France
In France since 1958, it is possible to identify three different types of political leadership: pure presidential government, limited presidential government, and prime ministerial government. These three leadership types are the result of the semi‐presidential nature of the Fifth Republic. Under each of the three different forms of leadership, the role of the prime minister's office has changed. Following a brief presentation of the functions of…
Results of the legislative elections, March 1993
From the exception to the rule
(1993). From the exception to the rule: The use of article 49–3 of the Constitution since 1958. Modern & Contemporary France: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 17-26
Dossier on the French referendum concerning the Maastricht Treaty June to September 1992
(1993). Dossier on the French referendum concerning the Maastricht Treaty June to September 1992. Modern & Contemporary France: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 111-126
Leaders, Politics and Institutional Change
In the Westminster system the prime minister's active participation in parliamentary proceedings is a key mechanism for ensuring the accountability of the executive. We survey the evolution of the four main prime ministerial activities across the period 1868–1990. There has been a long-term decline in prime ministers' speeches in the Commons, a stepped decline in debating interventions and a significant decrease in question-answering from the lat…
Political Leadership in Liberal Democracies
[A] compelling case for the institutional analysis of political leadership ... you must buy and read this book.' - R.A.W. Rhodes, Public Administration. '[A] valuable contribution not only to the study of political leadership, but also to the study of comparative politics.' - Valerie Mort, Talking Politics. Concentrating on the period since 1945, Political Leadership in Liberal Democracies examines the resources of and constraints on political le…
The Parliamentary Activity of John Major, 1990–94
A recent article in thisJournal(Patrick Dunleavy and G. W. Jones with others, ‘Leaders, Politics and Institutional Change: The Decline of Prime Ministerial Accountability to the House of Commons, 1868–1990’, 23 (1993), 267–98) demonstrated a clear secular decline in prime ministers' accountability to Parliament. It examined the frequency with which prime ministers from W. E. Gladstone to Margaret Thatcher accounted directly to MPs by answering or…
The French Presidency
One of the main tasks of those who study French politics is to explain the source of presidential power in the Fifth Republic. In French, two rival explanations have emerged: the state power thesis and the majority power thesis. For the former, presidential power is structural, being derived from the organization of the state. For the latter, it is conjunctural, being dependent on the nature of the parliamentary majority. The aim of this article …
Political Leadership in Liberal Democracies
Two‐Ballot majority electoral systems
French experience shows that an electoral system can produce different results depending on the social and institutional influences of the time
Models of Executive Politics
The study of executives politics has been characterized by dichotomous country-specific debates about whether there is, for example, prime ministerial or cabinet government. Recent work has established new terms for these debates leading to more pluralistic conceptualizations of executive politics. Nevertheless, this work has not created the conditions for rigorous cross-national comparison. This article establishes a framework to compare executi…
Democratic accountability and central bank independence
Recently there has been a general move towards greater central bank independence in Europe. Countries such as Belgium, Britain, France and Spain have all increased the autonomy of their respective central banks. In this context, some people have argued that the prospects for democratic, representative government have been weakened. In these countries, democratically elected governments can no longer control the process of monetary policy making. …
The classification of democratic regime types
This article examines the classification of regime types. It shows that most writers classify regime types with reference to both their dispositional properties (whether there is a president and/or a prime minister, whether or not they are popularly elected and whether or not they serve for a fixed term) and their relational properties (the actual patterns of executive politics in the political system). It is argued that this juxtaposition of dis…
Semi-presidentialism in Europe
"Semi-Presidentialism is the term used to describe the constitutional arrangement where there is a directly elected president and a prime minister who is responsible to parliament. Examples of semi-presidential regimes include France, Republic of Ireland, Finland, Austria, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine. These countries share certain constitutional features, but the exercise of presidential and prime ministerial power varies greatly from one to anot…
The increasingly difficult art of comparative European politics
Those writing textbooks on comparative European politics, or the cross–national study of European democracies, have a number of key choices to make. They must decide whether to cover Western Europe as well as Central and Eastern Europe; whether to focus on a limited number or a broad range of countries; whether to include the EU in the analysis or exclude it; whether to adopt a thematic or a country–by–country approach; whether to survey events o…
Political science (76 obras) · Law (70 obras) · Sociology (61 obras) · Politics (60 obras) · Law (55 obras) · Political economy (44 obras) · Economics (36 obras) · Public Administration (35 obras) · Presidential system (28 obras) · Public Administration (27 obras)