Patrick Grim
Biographic Data
| ID | 973053 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Patrick Grim |
| GIVEN NAMES | Patrick |
| FAMILY NAME | Grim |
| SIGNATURE | GRIM P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4340-4289 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 106 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
The Epistemic Role of Diversity in Juries: An Agent-Based Model
Many factors contribute to whether juries reach right verdicts. Here we focus on the role of diversity. Direct empirical studies of the effect of altering factors in jury deliberation are severely limited for conceptual, practical, and ethical reasons. Using an agent-based model to avoid these difficulties, we argue that diversity can play at least four importantly different roles in affecting jury verdicts. We show that where different sub-group…
Influence theory
The punctuated equilibrium of scientific change: A Bayesian network model
Our scientific theories, like our cognitive structures in general, consist of propositions linked by evidential, explanatory, probabilistic, and logical connections. Those theoretical webs ‘impinge on the world at their edges,’ subject to a continuing barrage of incoming evidence (Quine 1951, 1953). Our credences in the various elements of those structures change in response to that continuing barrage of evidence, as do the perceived connections …
Scientific Theories as Bayesian Nets: Structure and Evidence Sensitivity
We model scientific theories as Bayesian networks. Nodes carry credences and function as abstract representations of propositions within the structure. Directed links carry conditional probabilities and represent connections between those propositions. Updating is Bayesian across the network as a whole. The impact of evidence at one point within a scientific theory can have a very different impact on the network than does evidence of the same str…
Epistemic networks and polarization
Epistemic network models are tools for understanding how information and beliefs move in groups of connected epistemic agents. While these tools have been used in philosophy mostly by philosophers of science and social epistemologists, this chapter discusses how epistemic network models can be used to investigate political polarization. The goal of this chapter is to give the reader a good idea of how epistemic network models can be used to appro…
Don’t forget forgetting: The social epistemic importance of how we forget
Diversity, Ability, and Expertise in Epistemic Communities
The Hong and Page ‘diversity trumps ability’ result has been used to argue for the more general claim that a diverse set of agents is epistemically superior to a comparable group of experts. Here we extend Hong and Page’s model to landscapes of different degrees of randomness and demonstrate the sensitivity of the ‘diversity trumps ability’ result. This analysis offers a more nuanced picture of how diversity, ability, and expertise may relate. Al…
Rational social and political polarization
Understanding Polarization: Meanings, Measures, and Model Evaluation
Polarization is a topic of intense interest among social scientists, but there is significant disagreement regarding the character of the phenomenon and little understanding of underlying mechanics. A first problem, we argue, is that polarization appears in the literature as not one concept but many. In the first part of the article, we distinguish nine phenomena that may be considered polarization, with suggestions of appropriate measures for ea…
Coherence and Correspondence in the Network Dynamics of Belief Suites
Coherence and correspondence are classical contenders as theories of truth. In this paper we examine them instead as interacting factors in the dynamics of belief across epistemic networks. We construct an agent-based model of network contact in which agents are characterized not in terms of single beliefs but in terms of internal belief suites . Individuals update elements of their belief suites on input from other agents in order both to maximi…
Disambiguation of social polarization concepts and measures
This article distinguishes nine senses of polarization and provides formal measures for each one to refine the methodology used to describe polarization in distributions of attitudes. Each distinct concept is explained through a definition, formal measures, examples, and references. We then apply these measures to GSS data regarding political views, opinions on abortion, and religiosity—topics described as revealing social polarization. Previous …
Modeling Interaction Effects in Polarization: Individual Media Influence and the Impact of Town Meetings
We are increasingly exposed to polarized media sources, with clear evidence that individuals choose those sources closest to their existing views. We also have a tradition of open face-to-face group discussion in town meetings, for example. There are a range of current proposals to revive the role of group meetings in democratic decision-making. Here, we build a simulation that instantiates aspects of reinforcement theory in a model of competing …
Germs, Genes, and Memes: Function and Fitness Dynamics on Information Networks
Understanding the dynamics of information is crucial to many areas of research, both inside and outside of philosophy. Using computer simulations of three kinds of information, germs, genes, and memes, we show that the mechanism of information transfer often swamps network structure in terms of its effects on both the dynamics and the fitness of the information. This insight has both obvious and subtle implications for a number of questions in ph…
How Modeling Can Go Wrong: Some Cautions and Caveats on the Use of Models
Epistemology of Modeling and Simulation: Variations on a Theme
How simulations fail
A graphic measure for game-theoretic robustness
The Philosophical Computer: Exploratory Essays in Philosophical Computer Modeling
Philosophical modeling is as old as philosophy itself; examples range from Plato's Cave and the Divided Line to Rawls's original position. What is new are the astounding computational resources now available for philosophical modeling. Although the computer cannot offer a substitute for philosophical research, it can offer an important new environment for philosophical research. – The authors present a series of exploratory examples of computer m…
Beyond the Limits of Thought
Universality and the Liar: An Essay on Truth and the Diagonal Argument
The Incomplete Universe: Totality, Knowledge, and Truth
Introduction - some philosphical fragments. Part 1 Apparent lessons of the liar: totality, truth and the liar possible worlds the divine liar possible ways out truth-value gaps, many-valued logics, and strengthened liars the propositional response accepting inconsistency the appeal to hierarchy barwise and etchemendy conclusion. Part 2 Truth, omniscience, and the paradox of the knower: the paradox of the knower the argument the power of the parad…
The Incomplete Universe: Totality, Knowledge, and Truth
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access The Incomplete Universe: Totality, Knowledge, and Truth. By Patrick Grim. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991. Pp. ix + 165. Price £22.50.) Elliott Mendelson Elliott Mendelson Queens College, CUNY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 44, Issue 176, July 1994, Pages 409–410, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219630 Published: 01 July 1994
Operators in the paradox of the knower
Plantinga's God and other monstrosities
In God, Freedom, and Evil , Alvin Plantinga presents a new form of the ontological argument for the existence of God. Though he has reservations concerning its evangelical efficacy, Plantinga considers the proof both valid and sound, and presents it as a defence of the rational acceptability of theism
Understanding Polarization: Meanings, Measures, and Model Evaluation
Polarization is a topic of intense interest among social scientists, but there is significant disagreement regarding the character of the phenomenon and little understanding of underlying mechanics. A first problem, we argue, is that polarization appears in the literature as not one concept but many. In the first part of the article, we distinguish nine phenomena that may be considered polarization, with suggestions of appropriate measures for ea…
Rational social and political polarization
Diversity, Ability, and Expertise in Epistemic Communities
The Hong and Page ‘diversity trumps ability’ result has been used to argue for the more general claim that a diverse set of agents is epistemically superior to a comparable group of experts. Here we extend Hong and Page’s model to landscapes of different degrees of randomness and demonstrate the sensitivity of the ‘diversity trumps ability’ result. This analysis offers a more nuanced picture of how diversity, ability, and expertise may relate. Al…
Disambiguation of social polarization concepts and measures
This article distinguishes nine senses of polarization and provides formal measures for each one to refine the methodology used to describe polarization in distributions of attitudes. Each distinct concept is explained through a definition, formal measures, examples, and references. We then apply these measures to GSS data regarding political views, opinions on abortion, and religiosity—topics described as revealing social polarization. Previous …
How simulations fail
Modeling Interaction Effects in Polarization: Individual Media Influence and the Impact of Town Meetings
We are increasingly exposed to polarized media sources, with clear evidence that individuals choose those sources closest to their existing views. We also have a tradition of open face-to-face group discussion in town meetings, for example. There are a range of current proposals to revive the role of group meetings in democratic decision-making. Here, we build a simulation that instantiates aspects of reinforcement theory in a model of competing …
Germs, Genes, and Memes: Function and Fitness Dynamics on Information Networks
Understanding the dynamics of information is crucial to many areas of research, both inside and outside of philosophy. Using computer simulations of three kinds of information, germs, genes, and memes, we show that the mechanism of information transfer often swamps network structure in terms of its effects on both the dynamics and the fitness of the information. This insight has both obvious and subtle implications for a number of questions in ph…
Scientific Theories as Bayesian Nets: Structure and Evidence Sensitivity
We model scientific theories as Bayesian networks. Nodes carry credences and function as abstract representations of propositions within the structure. Directed links carry conditional probabilities and represent connections between those propositions. Updating is Bayesian across the network as a whole. The impact of evidence at one point within a scientific theory can have a very different impact on the network than does evidence of the same str…
A graphic measure for game-theoretic robustness
The punctuated equilibrium of scientific change: A Bayesian network model
Our scientific theories, like our cognitive structures in general, consist of propositions linked by evidential, explanatory, probabilistic, and logical connections. Those theoretical webs ‘impinge on the world at their edges,’ subject to a continuing barrage of incoming evidence (Quine 1951, 1953). Our credences in the various elements of those structures change in response to that continuing barrage of evidence, as do the perceived connections …
Beyond the Limits of Thought
Plantinga's God and other monstrosities
In God, Freedom, and Evil , Alvin Plantinga presents a new form of the ontological argument for the existence of God. Though he has reservations concerning its evangelical efficacy, Plantinga considers the proof both valid and sound, and presents it as a defence of the rational acceptability of theism
Operators in the paradox of the knower
The Incomplete Universe: Totality, Knowledge, and Truth
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access The Incomplete Universe: Totality, Knowledge, and Truth. By Patrick Grim. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991. Pp. ix + 165. Price £22.50.) Elliott Mendelson Elliott Mendelson Queens College, CUNY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 44, Issue 176, July 1994, Pages 409–410, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219630 Published: 01 July 1994
Universality and the Liar: An Essay on Truth and the Diagonal Argument
The Incomplete Universe: Totality, Knowledge, and Truth
Introduction - some philosphical fragments. Part 1 Apparent lessons of the liar: totality, truth and the liar possible worlds the divine liar possible ways out truth-value gaps, many-valued logics, and strengthened liars the propositional response accepting inconsistency the appeal to hierarchy barwise and etchemendy conclusion. Part 2 Truth, omniscience, and the paradox of the knower: the paradox of the knower the argument the power of the parad…
Beyond the Limits of Thought
The Philosophical Computer: Exploratory Essays in Philosophical Computer Modeling
Philosophical modeling is as old as philosophy itself; examples range from Plato's Cave and the Divided Line to Rawls's original position. What is new are the astounding computational resources now available for philosophical modeling. Although the computer cannot offer a substitute for philosophical research, it can offer an important new environment for philosophical research. – The authors present a series of exploratory examples of computer m…
A graphic measure for game-theoretic robustness
How Modeling Can Go Wrong: Some Cautions and Caveats on the Use of Models
Epistemology of Modeling and Simulation: Variations on a Theme
How simulations fail
Germs, Genes, and Memes: Function and Fitness Dynamics on Information Networks
Understanding the dynamics of information is crucial to many areas of research, both inside and outside of philosophy. Using computer simulations of three kinds of information, germs, genes, and memes, we show that the mechanism of information transfer often swamps network structure in terms of its effects on both the dynamics and the fitness of the information. This insight has both obvious and subtle implications for a number of questions in ph…
Coherence and Correspondence in the Network Dynamics of Belief Suites
Coherence and correspondence are classical contenders as theories of truth. In this paper we examine them instead as interacting factors in the dynamics of belief across epistemic networks. We construct an agent-based model of network contact in which agents are characterized not in terms of single beliefs but in terms of internal belief suites . Individuals update elements of their belief suites on input from other agents in order both to maximi…
Disambiguation of social polarization concepts and measures
This article distinguishes nine senses of polarization and provides formal measures for each one to refine the methodology used to describe polarization in distributions of attitudes. Each distinct concept is explained through a definition, formal measures, examples, and references. We then apply these measures to GSS data regarding political views, opinions on abortion, and religiosity—topics described as revealing social polarization. Previous …
Modeling Interaction Effects in Polarization: Individual Media Influence and the Impact of Town Meetings
We are increasingly exposed to polarized media sources, with clear evidence that individuals choose those sources closest to their existing views. We also have a tradition of open face-to-face group discussion in town meetings, for example. There are a range of current proposals to revive the role of group meetings in democratic decision-making. Here, we build a simulation that instantiates aspects of reinforcement theory in a model of competing …
Understanding Polarization: Meanings, Measures, and Model Evaluation
Polarization is a topic of intense interest among social scientists, but there is significant disagreement regarding the character of the phenomenon and little understanding of underlying mechanics. A first problem, we argue, is that polarization appears in the literature as not one concept but many. In the first part of the article, we distinguish nine phenomena that may be considered polarization, with suggestions of appropriate measures for ea…
Rational social and political polarization
Diversity, Ability, and Expertise in Epistemic Communities
The Hong and Page ‘diversity trumps ability’ result has been used to argue for the more general claim that a diverse set of agents is epistemically superior to a comparable group of experts. Here we extend Hong and Page’s model to landscapes of different degrees of randomness and demonstrate the sensitivity of the ‘diversity trumps ability’ result. This analysis offers a more nuanced picture of how diversity, ability, and expertise may relate. Al…
Epistemic networks and polarization
Epistemic network models are tools for understanding how information and beliefs move in groups of connected epistemic agents. While these tools have been used in philosophy mostly by philosophers of science and social epistemologists, this chapter discusses how epistemic network models can be used to investigate political polarization. The goal of this chapter is to give the reader a good idea of how epistemic network models can be used to appro…
Don’t forget forgetting: The social epistemic importance of how we forget
The punctuated equilibrium of scientific change: A Bayesian network model
Our scientific theories, like our cognitive structures in general, consist of propositions linked by evidential, explanatory, probabilistic, and logical connections. Those theoretical webs ‘impinge on the world at their edges,’ subject to a continuing barrage of incoming evidence (Quine 1951, 1953). Our credences in the various elements of those structures change in response to that continuing barrage of evidence, as do the perceived connections …
Scientific Theories as Bayesian Nets: Structure and Evidence Sensitivity
We model scientific theories as Bayesian networks. Nodes carry credences and function as abstract representations of propositions within the structure. Directed links carry conditional probabilities and represent connections between those propositions. Updating is Bayesian across the network as a whole. The impact of evidence at one point within a scientific theory can have a very different impact on the network than does evidence of the same str…
Influence theory
The Epistemic Role of Diversity in Juries: An Agent-Based Model
Many factors contribute to whether juries reach right verdicts. Here we focus on the role of diversity. Direct empirical studies of the effect of altering factors in jury deliberation are severely limited for conceptual, practical, and ethical reasons. Using an agent-based model to avoid these difficulties, we argue that diversity can play at least four importantly different roles in affecting jury verdicts. We show that where different sub-group…
Epistemology (22 works) · Philosophy (21 works) · Computer Science (17 works) · Mathematics (9 works) · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence (9 works) · Philosophy of science (7 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation (6 works) · Physics (6 works) · Sociology (6 works)