Toby Miles-Johnson
Biographic Data
| ID | 97449 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Toby Miles-Johnson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Toby |
| FAMILY NAME | Miles-Johnson |
| SIGNATURE | MILES-JOHNSON T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Western Sydney University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8640-4943 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 58 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Understanding police employment: How online company reviews affect recruitment and explain lack of retention in Australian police organisations
Before submitting a job application many candidates read online company reviews. This enables them to evaluate the organisation, its culture, occupational practices, perceptions of the workplace, and reasons why employees resign. While online company reviews may be perceived as a ‘rant’ and less credible in terms of offering a balanced critique, the information shared within them prompts inquiry regarding whether they shape perceptions of employm…
Officer retention: A comparative analysis of online company reviews by Australian and English police officers
Across the globe, police organisations face a staffing challenge. Using 254 online company reviews downloaded from an international online employment site, a comparative analysis of Australian and English police officers’ experiences of employment was conducted. Written by current and former employees, the information contained within the reviews outlines positive and negative aspects of employment. The findings indicate that challenges affecting…
I’m Not Right to Drive, but I Drove out the Gate”: Personal and Contextual Factors Affecting Truck Driver Fatigue Compliance
Truck drivers experience an elevated risk of being involved in a fatigue-related crash or incident. In Australia, approximately one third of fatal truck crashes are fatigue-related. Various contextual factors are known to increase truck crash risk, including long working hours, irregular schedules, delays while loading and unloading and limited access to suitable rest areas. Studies investigating personal factors affecting Australian truck driver…
Discretionary policing: Following religious beliefs or operational guidelines, decision-making, and citizen engagement
In an Australian context, there is little research which examines whether officers following a religion will place religious ideologies beyond professional guidelines and whether there are differences between religious and non-religious officers regarding decision-making and use of discretion. This raises questions about how religious and non-religious officers will engage with citizens whose identities may be similar to, or different from the re…
‘Bread and butter’ policing: First-year constables and domestic violence
Domestic violence is an extensive social issue in Australia. It is a complex crime encompassing different behaviours and situations, which challenge police in terms of recognition and response, as well as determining appropriate outcomes of justice. During their first year of police work (whilst being evaluated under competency measures), first-year constables in Australia are frequently deployed to respond to public calls for help. As such, they…
Police prosecutors and LGBTIQ intimate partner violence, victims, and perpetrators: An empirical study
This paper reports on a survey exploring whether police prosecutors in the Queensland Police Service can recognise and respond appropriately to intimate partner violence (IPV) in the LGBTIQ community. Utilising an online survey featuring hypothetical vignettes of IPV involving LGBTIQ people, it sought to understand police prosecutors’ recognition of, and response to, IPV situations involving LGBTIQ people; the likelihood of IPV occurring in LGBTI…
Religious policing: How religion and level of religiosity shape officer’s interaction with minority groups
Like other Western nations, policing in Australia is considered a secular practice. Whilst policing in Australia is meant to be free from the influence of religious ideals and religious doctrine, it is unknown whether Australian police officers are influenced by the social practices, morals, beliefs, cultural practices, and laws fortified by religious ideologies. Arguably religious beliefs may influence police officers’ adherence to retributive p…
Responding to persons with mental illness (PWMI): Police recruit perceptions of mental health response training and engagement
Many Australian police organisations embed mental health response training (MHRT) into their recruit training packages. Yet critics argue police officers are under-trained and ill-equipped to engage with persons with mental illness (PWMI) in crisis, and officers frequently police PWMI using discretional techniques that are procedurally unfair and unjust. Applying a procedural justice lens, this research sought to better understand whether MHRT of…
Rorting the System’: Police Detectives, Diversity, and Workplace Advantage
Internal workplace practices and policies in policing are based on a notion of fairness and equal opportunity. Yet police organizations are frequently criticized for discriminatory policing practices, unfair and biased workplace practices, and poor interpersonal treatment of officers. Whilst there is a wide body of research examining diversity in relation to external police practices, there is a lack of knowledge regarding diversity and internal …
Being Diverse and Being Included, Don’t Go Together in Policing”—Diversity, Inclusion, and Australian Constables
Across the globe, there is little research that examines the impact of diversity on police practice, particularly whether it increases or decreases the competency of the police organization or whether police officers perceive diversity within the organization and the addition of diverse officers as positive or negative. Contributing new findings to the extant policing literature, this research analyzes data collected from interviews with forty-si…
Comparative perceptions: How female officers in two Australian police organizations view policing of diverse people
Male officers outnumber female officers in most police organizations, therefore most of the extant policing literature regarding policing of diverse people is dominated by the perceptions of male officers. As such this research conducted a comparative analysis between female officers employed in two different Australian state police organizations regarding their perceptions of policing diverse people. Using an identical online survey, and applyin…
Legitimizing policing practices: A study of stakeholder perceptions of police trustworthiness, effectiveness and relationship with the community
In an attempt to better meet the needs of the communities, the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) commissioned a survey to investigate stakeholder perceptions of police service provision across its nine islands. This paper presents the findings of the survey and examines the responses of community residents (N = 1896) to determine public perceptions of police trustworthiness, police effectiveness and the relationship between the TPS and the community. T…
Policing between minorities: ‘Asian-Australian’ police recruits and policing of the LGBT community
Using Social Identity Theory (SIT), an online survey was used to capture Asian-Australian police recruit’s perceptions of policing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. This research determines that the intersectionality of identity Asian-Australian police recruits (as police officers, as Asian-Australians, and, for a small number of recruits as LGB people) are correlated in relation to perceptions of policing of LGBT people. The …
Policing Minority Communities: How Perception of Engagement and Level of “Awareness” Influence Officer Attitudes toward Practice
In the 21st century, policing of all citizens requires officers to have an increased awareness of minority communities. Yet in the wake of public complaints and mass demonstrations regarding police misconduct, it is clear that police bias toward minority communities often negatively influences engagement. To better understand police awareness of minority communities and how officers’ levels of awareness and perceptions of policing influence their…
Recognition and response: Policing ‘Forced marriage’ in England
Forced marriage occurs when an individual is pressured psychologically or physically into marriage. Methods to detect forced marriage are challenging for most police organisations, who are prevented from intervening due to honour-systems and cultural values; as well as ensuing physical and psychological barriers, which prevent victim reporting. Applying key components of Sellin’s (1933 Sellin, T., 1933. Culture conflict and crime. New York: Socia…
Policing Diverse People: How Occupational Attitudes and Background Characteristics Shape Police Recruits’ Perceptions
The purpose of this research is to ascertain how occupational attitudes and background characteristics shape police recruit perceptions of policing people from diverse communities categorized by variations in racial, ethnic, religious, sexual, and gender identities. Applying an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model, data categorized into two groups (occupational attitudes and background characteristics) were collected from police recruits…
Fear of terrorism: Media exposure and subjective fear of attack
In many Western countries, citizen knowledge of terrorist events is intrinsically shaped by the style of broadcasted messages published by the media. Media discourses regarding terrorist acts raise questions about how such rhetoric elicits fear in people who typically experience such events through news reports. However, we do not fully understand the impact of the media on perceptions of terrorism as clearly as we understand the relationship bet…
Police recruits and perceptions of trust in diverse groups
Trust is critical in ensuring public co-operation with police and in turn building police legitimacy. Trust has been regarded as especially critical when police have sought to develop more positive interactions with diverse groups. Understanding how police officers perceive others and how this shapes trust in members of diverse groups is still developing. This study contributes valuable information regarding police perceptions of trust in minorit…
Hidden identities: Perceptions of sexual identity in Beijing
This article draws upon responses given by volunteers who work in the Beijing LGBT Centre regarding perceptions of sexual identity, and how Chinese culture affects hidden or open sexual identities of Chinese lesbian and gay people in this region. The insights gained from those working carefully to create social change offers an important and original contribution to the field of gay and lesbian studies in China. The findings indicate the voluntee…
(Mis)Perceptions of Ethnic Group Size and Consequences for Community Expectations and Cooperation With Law Enforcement
The changing composition of race and ethnic group size has been noted for Western nations over the last 15 years. Analysis of this change has linked fear of crime and attitudes toward immigrants and prejudice. Changes in ethnic composition are associated with movement of White residents out of traditionally White communities, rising ethnic tension as the ethnic mix shifts, and a heightened sense of injustice regarding the justice system. (Mis)per…
Police perceptions of prejudice: How police awareness training influences the capacity of police to assess prejudiced motivated crime
Prejudice motivated crime (PMC) is defined as crimes motivated by bias, prejudice or hatred towards members of particular groups, communities and individuals. To understand how police awareness training facilitates or constrains the capacity of police officers to appropriately classify and respond to PMC, data were collected from a population of Police Recruits (PRs) and Protective Service Officers (PSOs) (N = 1609) to ascertain their perceptions…
Policing Diversity: Examining Police Resistance to Training Reforms for Transgender People in Australia
Using field notes collected from participant observation of Australian police officers training to work with the transgender community, the current research builds on previous work examining social identity theory (Tajfel, 2010) to explain how one training program implemented to educate police about transgender people challenges police culture. This research determines that police culture, training procedures, and stereotypes of gender are equall…
They Don't Identify With Us”: Perceptions of Police by Australian Transgender People
Previous research indicates that transgender people are one of the most victimized groups in Western society and are more likely than other people to be ill treated by police. However Australian research examining transgender people's perceptions of the police and policing is lacking. It is also an area of research needing systematic inquiry. Using in-depth interviews conducted with members of the transgender community (N = 21) in one Australian …
Perceptions of group value: How Australian transgender people view policing
In Australia, no one really knows how widespread the Transgender community actually is since transgender people are relatively diffuse and hidden and comprise a ‘hard to get at population’. One recognised form of researching hard-to-reach populations is through online surveys. Online surveys with members of minority groups have significant advantages over other data collection methods, particularly when asking respondents about their perceptions …
Policing Transgender People: Discretionary Police Power and the Ineffectual Aspirations of One Australian Police Initiative
Police policy documents often articulate strategies and approaches that police organizations want to implement in their efforts to break down barriers with minority groups. However, most police policy documents are written for police audiences and not for members of the public. Police policy documents serve as a reflection of the aspirations of the agency and not necessarily the practice of the officers. Differential policing has been a salient e…
Hidden identities: Perceptions of sexual identity in Beijing
This article draws upon responses given by volunteers who work in the Beijing LGBT Centre regarding perceptions of sexual identity, and how Chinese culture affects hidden or open sexual identities of Chinese lesbian and gay people in this region. The insights gained from those working carefully to create social change offers an important and original contribution to the field of gay and lesbian studies in China. The findings indicate the voluntee…
Policing Diversity: Examining Police Resistance to Training Reforms for Transgender People in Australia
Using field notes collected from participant observation of Australian police officers training to work with the transgender community, the current research builds on previous work examining social identity theory (Tajfel, 2010) to explain how one training program implemented to educate police about transgender people challenges police culture. This research determines that police culture, training procedures, and stereotypes of gender are equall…
Fear of terrorism: Media exposure and subjective fear of attack
In many Western countries, citizen knowledge of terrorist events is intrinsically shaped by the style of broadcasted messages published by the media. Media discourses regarding terrorist acts raise questions about how such rhetoric elicits fear in people who typically experience such events through news reports. However, we do not fully understand the impact of the media on perceptions of terrorism as clearly as we understand the relationship bet…
Perceptions of group value: How Australian transgender people view policing
In Australia, no one really knows how widespread the Transgender community actually is since transgender people are relatively diffuse and hidden and comprise a ‘hard to get at population’. One recognised form of researching hard-to-reach populations is through online surveys. Online surveys with members of minority groups have significant advantages over other data collection methods, particularly when asking respondents about their perceptions …
They Don't Identify With Us”: Perceptions of Police by Australian Transgender People
Previous research indicates that transgender people are one of the most victimized groups in Western society and are more likely than other people to be ill treated by police. However Australian research examining transgender people's perceptions of the police and policing is lacking. It is also an area of research needing systematic inquiry. Using in-depth interviews conducted with members of the transgender community (N = 21) in one Australian …
(Mis)Perceptions of Ethnic Group Size and Consequences for Community Expectations and Cooperation With Law Enforcement
The changing composition of race and ethnic group size has been noted for Western nations over the last 15 years. Analysis of this change has linked fear of crime and attitudes toward immigrants and prejudice. Changes in ethnic composition are associated with movement of White residents out of traditionally White communities, rising ethnic tension as the ethnic mix shifts, and a heightened sense of injustice regarding the justice system. (Mis)per…
Policing Transgender People: Discretionary Police Power and the Ineffectual Aspirations of One Australian Police Initiative
Police policy documents often articulate strategies and approaches that police organizations want to implement in their efforts to break down barriers with minority groups. However, most police policy documents are written for police audiences and not for members of the public. Police policy documents serve as a reflection of the aspirations of the agency and not necessarily the practice of the officers. Differential policing has been a salient e…
Being Diverse and Being Included, Don’t Go Together in Policing”—Diversity, Inclusion, and Australian Constables
Across the globe, there is little research that examines the impact of diversity on police practice, particularly whether it increases or decreases the competency of the police organization or whether police officers perceive diversity within the organization and the addition of diverse officers as positive or negative. Contributing new findings to the extant policing literature, this research analyzes data collected from interviews with forty-si…
Policing Minority Communities: How Perception of Engagement and Level of “Awareness” Influence Officer Attitudes toward Practice
In the 21st century, policing of all citizens requires officers to have an increased awareness of minority communities. Yet in the wake of public complaints and mass demonstrations regarding police misconduct, it is clear that police bias toward minority communities often negatively influences engagement. To better understand police awareness of minority communities and how officers’ levels of awareness and perceptions of policing influence their…
Police perceptions of prejudice: How police awareness training influences the capacity of police to assess prejudiced motivated crime
Prejudice motivated crime (PMC) is defined as crimes motivated by bias, prejudice or hatred towards members of particular groups, communities and individuals. To understand how police awareness training facilitates or constrains the capacity of police officers to appropriately classify and respond to PMC, data were collected from a population of Police Recruits (PRs) and Protective Service Officers (PSOs) (N = 1609) to ascertain their perceptions…
LGBTI Variations in Crime Reporting: How Sexual Identity Influences Decisions to Call the Cops
Research shows that people vary in their willingness to report crime to police depending on the type of crime experienced, their gender, age, and their race or ethnicity. Whether or not lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) and heterosexual people vary in their willingness to report crime to the police is not well understood in the extant literature. In this article, I examine variations in LGBTI respondents’ attitudes, subjec…
Confidence and Trust in Police: How Sexual Identity Difference Shapes Perceptions of Police
Previous research indicates that the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (‘LGBTI’) community and the heterosexual community vary in their perceptions of police. This study examines variations in the levels of perceptions of police in both communities, and determines whether or not an individual's sexual identity helps to shape perceptions of police legitimacy and levels of trust in the police. Using a face-to-face survey, data were c…
They Don't Identify With Us”: Perceptions of Police by Australian Transgender People
Previous research indicates that transgender people are one of the most victimized groups in Western society and are more likely than other people to be ill treated by police. However Australian research examining transgender people's perceptions of the police and policing is lacking. It is also an area of research needing systematic inquiry. Using in-depth interviews conducted with members of the transgender community (N = 21) in one Australian …
Perceptions of group value: How Australian transgender people view policing
In Australia, no one really knows how widespread the Transgender community actually is since transgender people are relatively diffuse and hidden and comprise a ‘hard to get at population’. One recognised form of researching hard-to-reach populations is through online surveys. Online surveys with members of minority groups have significant advantages over other data collection methods, particularly when asking respondents about their perceptions …
Policing Transgender People: Discretionary Police Power and the Ineffectual Aspirations of One Australian Police Initiative
Police policy documents often articulate strategies and approaches that police organizations want to implement in their efforts to break down barriers with minority groups. However, most police policy documents are written for police audiences and not for members of the public. Police policy documents serve as a reflection of the aspirations of the agency and not necessarily the practice of the officers. Differential policing has been a salient e…
Police perceptions of prejudice: How police awareness training influences the capacity of police to assess prejudiced motivated crime
Prejudice motivated crime (PMC) is defined as crimes motivated by bias, prejudice or hatred towards members of particular groups, communities and individuals. To understand how police awareness training facilitates or constrains the capacity of police officers to appropriately classify and respond to PMC, data were collected from a population of Police Recruits (PRs) and Protective Service Officers (PSOs) (N = 1609) to ascertain their perceptions…
Policing Diversity: Examining Police Resistance to Training Reforms for Transgender People in Australia
Using field notes collected from participant observation of Australian police officers training to work with the transgender community, the current research builds on previous work examining social identity theory (Tajfel, 2010) to explain how one training program implemented to educate police about transgender people challenges police culture. This research determines that police culture, training procedures, and stereotypes of gender are equall…
Police recruits and perceptions of trust in diverse groups
Trust is critical in ensuring public co-operation with police and in turn building police legitimacy. Trust has been regarded as especially critical when police have sought to develop more positive interactions with diverse groups. Understanding how police officers perceive others and how this shapes trust in members of diverse groups is still developing. This study contributes valuable information regarding police perceptions of trust in minorit…
Hidden identities: Perceptions of sexual identity in Beijing
This article draws upon responses given by volunteers who work in the Beijing LGBT Centre regarding perceptions of sexual identity, and how Chinese culture affects hidden or open sexual identities of Chinese lesbian and gay people in this region. The insights gained from those working carefully to create social change offers an important and original contribution to the field of gay and lesbian studies in China. The findings indicate the voluntee…
(Mis)Perceptions of Ethnic Group Size and Consequences for Community Expectations and Cooperation With Law Enforcement
The changing composition of race and ethnic group size has been noted for Western nations over the last 15 years. Analysis of this change has linked fear of crime and attitudes toward immigrants and prejudice. Changes in ethnic composition are associated with movement of White residents out of traditionally White communities, rising ethnic tension as the ethnic mix shifts, and a heightened sense of injustice regarding the justice system. (Mis)per…
Policing Diverse People: How Occupational Attitudes and Background Characteristics Shape Police Recruits’ Perceptions
The purpose of this research is to ascertain how occupational attitudes and background characteristics shape police recruit perceptions of policing people from diverse communities categorized by variations in racial, ethnic, religious, sexual, and gender identities. Applying an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model, data categorized into two groups (occupational attitudes and background characteristics) were collected from police recruits…
Fear of terrorism: Media exposure and subjective fear of attack
In many Western countries, citizen knowledge of terrorist events is intrinsically shaped by the style of broadcasted messages published by the media. Media discourses regarding terrorist acts raise questions about how such rhetoric elicits fear in people who typically experience such events through news reports. However, we do not fully understand the impact of the media on perceptions of terrorism as clearly as we understand the relationship bet…
Comparative perceptions: How female officers in two Australian police organizations view policing of diverse people
Male officers outnumber female officers in most police organizations, therefore most of the extant policing literature regarding policing of diverse people is dominated by the perceptions of male officers. As such this research conducted a comparative analysis between female officers employed in two different Australian state police organizations regarding their perceptions of policing diverse people. Using an identical online survey, and applyin…
Legitimizing policing practices: A study of stakeholder perceptions of police trustworthiness, effectiveness and relationship with the community
In an attempt to better meet the needs of the communities, the Tuvalu Police Service (TPS) commissioned a survey to investigate stakeholder perceptions of police service provision across its nine islands. This paper presents the findings of the survey and examines the responses of community residents (N = 1896) to determine public perceptions of police trustworthiness, police effectiveness and the relationship between the TPS and the community. T…
Policing between minorities: ‘Asian-Australian’ police recruits and policing of the LGBT community
Using Social Identity Theory (SIT), an online survey was used to capture Asian-Australian police recruit’s perceptions of policing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. This research determines that the intersectionality of identity Asian-Australian police recruits (as police officers, as Asian-Australians, and, for a small number of recruits as LGB people) are correlated in relation to perceptions of policing of LGBT people. The …
Policing Minority Communities: How Perception of Engagement and Level of “Awareness” Influence Officer Attitudes toward Practice
In the 21st century, policing of all citizens requires officers to have an increased awareness of minority communities. Yet in the wake of public complaints and mass demonstrations regarding police misconduct, it is clear that police bias toward minority communities often negatively influences engagement. To better understand police awareness of minority communities and how officers’ levels of awareness and perceptions of policing influence their…
Recognition and response: Policing ‘Forced marriage’ in England
Forced marriage occurs when an individual is pressured psychologically or physically into marriage. Methods to detect forced marriage are challenging for most police organisations, who are prevented from intervening due to honour-systems and cultural values; as well as ensuing physical and psychological barriers, which prevent victim reporting. Applying key components of Sellin’s (1933 Sellin, T., 1933. Culture conflict and crime. New York: Socia…
Police prosecutors and LGBTIQ intimate partner violence, victims, and perpetrators: An empirical study
This paper reports on a survey exploring whether police prosecutors in the Queensland Police Service can recognise and respond appropriately to intimate partner violence (IPV) in the LGBTIQ community. Utilising an online survey featuring hypothetical vignettes of IPV involving LGBTIQ people, it sought to understand police prosecutors’ recognition of, and response to, IPV situations involving LGBTIQ people; the likelihood of IPV occurring in LGBTI…
Religious policing: How religion and level of religiosity shape officer’s interaction with minority groups
Like other Western nations, policing in Australia is considered a secular practice. Whilst policing in Australia is meant to be free from the influence of religious ideals and religious doctrine, it is unknown whether Australian police officers are influenced by the social practices, morals, beliefs, cultural practices, and laws fortified by religious ideologies. Arguably religious beliefs may influence police officers’ adherence to retributive p…
Responding to persons with mental illness (PWMI): Police recruit perceptions of mental health response training and engagement
Many Australian police organisations embed mental health response training (MHRT) into their recruit training packages. Yet critics argue police officers are under-trained and ill-equipped to engage with persons with mental illness (PWMI) in crisis, and officers frequently police PWMI using discretional techniques that are procedurally unfair and unjust. Applying a procedural justice lens, this research sought to better understand whether MHRT of…
Rorting the System’: Police Detectives, Diversity, and Workplace Advantage
Internal workplace practices and policies in policing are based on a notion of fairness and equal opportunity. Yet police organizations are frequently criticized for discriminatory policing practices, unfair and biased workplace practices, and poor interpersonal treatment of officers. Whilst there is a wide body of research examining diversity in relation to external police practices, there is a lack of knowledge regarding diversity and internal …
Being Diverse and Being Included, Don’t Go Together in Policing”—Diversity, Inclusion, and Australian Constables
Across the globe, there is little research that examines the impact of diversity on police practice, particularly whether it increases or decreases the competency of the police organization or whether police officers perceive diversity within the organization and the addition of diverse officers as positive or negative. Contributing new findings to the extant policing literature, this research analyzes data collected from interviews with forty-si…
‘Bread and butter’ policing: First-year constables and domestic violence
Domestic violence is an extensive social issue in Australia. It is a complex crime encompassing different behaviours and situations, which challenge police in terms of recognition and response, as well as determining appropriate outcomes of justice. During their first year of police work (whilst being evaluated under competency measures), first-year constables in Australia are frequently deployed to respond to public calls for help. As such, they…
Discretionary policing: Following religious beliefs or operational guidelines, decision-making, and citizen engagement
In an Australian context, there is little research which examines whether officers following a religion will place religious ideologies beyond professional guidelines and whether there are differences between religious and non-religious officers regarding decision-making and use of discretion. This raises questions about how religious and non-religious officers will engage with citizens whose identities may be similar to, or different from the re…
I’m Not Right to Drive, but I Drove out the Gate”: Personal and Contextual Factors Affecting Truck Driver Fatigue Compliance
Truck drivers experience an elevated risk of being involved in a fatigue-related crash or incident. In Australia, approximately one third of fatal truck crashes are fatigue-related. Various contextual factors are known to increase truck crash risk, including long working hours, irregular schedules, delays while loading and unloading and limited access to suitable rest areas. Studies investigating personal factors affecting Australian truck driver…
Political science (23 works) · Policing Practices and Perceptions (22 works) · Psychology (20 works) · Criminology (19 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (17 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Law (15 works) · Perception (15 works) · Law (10 works)