Sheldon Danziger
Biographic Data
| ID | 97735 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sheldon Danziger |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sheldon |
| FAMILY NAME | Danziger |
| SIGNATURE | DANZIGER S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7152-9273 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 68 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 535 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 67 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Choice bracketing and experience‐based choice
We examine how choice bracketing affects expected value maximization in experience‐based choice. Experience‐based choices are a series of individual choices made sequentially, for which feedback follows each choice, and are thus naturally bracketed narrowly. Previous research broadly bracketed multiple experience‐based choices for decision makers by aggregating the choices (such that each choice pertained to multiple individual choices) or by red…
The Attraction Effect in Experience‐based Decisions
Previous demonstrations of the attraction effect were limited to explicitly described attribute values (including numerically indexed attributes, such as gambles' outcomes and their likelihoods, or perceptual attributes, such as rectangles' height and width). However, in many real‐life decisions, such as the choice of a preferred grocer, people decide based on their past experience with the options' attributes (e.g., the frequency and magnitude o…
Remembering Friends as Not So Friendly in Competitive and Bargaining Social Interactions
From children's schoolyard play to executives' boardroom negotiations, competitive and bargaining interactions are common to everyday life. Sometimes, the interacting parties are socially close and sometimes not. In this research, we examine how friendship influences memory for actions in such interactions. Dyads consisting of either friends or strangers played a competitive card game (Study 1) or the ultimatum game (Studies 2 and 4) and then rec…
Causal Models Drive Preference between Drugs that Treat a Focal versus Multiple Symptoms
This research examines the effects of causal beliefs on drug preference. In three studies, 374 undergraduate participants imagined that they suffered from a focal symptom and then indicated their preference between a drug claiming to treat only the focal symptom (single treatment) and a drug claiming to treat the focal symptom and a nonfocal symptom (dual treatment) they thought resulted from a common‐cause or from a different cause. Participants…
From Welfare to a Work‐based Safety Net: An Incomplete Transition
Increasing Work Opportunities and Reducing Poverty Two Decades After Welfare Reform
Multi-generational income disadvantage and the educational attainment of young adults
Wii Will Rock You!” The Use and Effect of Figurative Language in Consumer Reviews of Hedonic and Utilitarian Consumption
Figurative language in advertising affects product attitudes positively across contexts. In contrast, the present research demonstrates that the use and effectiveness of figurative language in consumer-generated content is context specific, because of conversational norms unique to this form of communication. Study 1 shows that consumer reviews containing more figurative language lead to more favorable attitudes in hedonic, but not utilitarian, c…
Evaluating the Effects of the Great Recession
Wealth Disparities Before and After the Great Recession
The collapse of the labor, housing, and stock markets beginning in 2007 created unprecedented challenges for American families. This study examines disparities in wealth holdings leading up to the Great Recession and during the first years of the recovery. All socioeconomic groups experienced declines in wealth following the recession, with higher wealth families experiencing larger absolute declines. In percentage terms, however, the declines we…
Filling holes in the safety net? Material hardship and subjective well-being among disability benefit applicants and recipients after the 1996 welfare reform
Who Receives Food Stamps During Adulthood? Analyzing Repeatable Events With Incomplete Event Histories
Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1968 to 2005, we estimate the cumulative probability that young adults in the United States will receive food stamps during adulthood, and examine how that probability varies with an individual’s income and education at age 25 as well as by race and gender. We find that the probability of first food stamp receipt as an adult declines sharply with age, indicating that most adult recipi…
Labor Market Outcomes and the Transition to Adulthood
According to Sheldon Danziger and David Ratner, changes in the labor market over the past thirty-five years, such as labor-saving technological changes, increased globalization, declining unionization, and the failure of the minimum wage to keep up with inflation, have made it more difficult for young adults to attain the economic stability and self-sufficiency that are important markers of the transition to adulthood. Young men with no more than…
Children’s adaptive pre-decisional search behavior: Effects of memory and number of alternatives
Perceived social standing among Asian immigrants in the US: Do reasons for immigration matter
Health Insurance and Access to Care among Welfare Leavers
This analysis explores the effects of the 1996 welfare reform on health insurance coverage and access to care among former recipients of cash aid. Using panel data from the Women's Employment Study, which conducted five interviews between 1997 and 2003 in one Michigan county, we find that 25% of welfare leavers lacked health insurance coverage in fall 2003. Uninsured adults were significantly more likely than others to report that they could not …
The relationship between income and material hardship
This paper examines the relationship between income and the extent of material hardship and explores other factors that might affect hardship. Using panel data from the Women's Employment Study, we examine the incidence of material hardship from 1997 to 2003 among current and former welfare recipients. We then consider the extent to which income is associated with hardship. We show that hardship decreases monotonically across quintiles of the inc…
Housing Instability Among Current and Former Welfare Recipients
Objectives. We examined correlates of eviction and homelessness among current and former welfare recipients from 1997 to 2003 in an urban Michigan community. Methods. Longitudinal cohort data were drawn from the Women’s Employment Study, a representative panel study of mothers who were receiving cash welfare in February 1997. We used logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for both eviction and homelessness over the survey period. R…
Failing the Transition from Welfare to Work: Women Chronically Disconnected from Employment and Cash Welfare
Objectives. Although employment among welfare mothers increased substantially following the 1996 welfare reform, some former welfare recipients failed to find stable employment. We review the extent to which low‐income mothers are without work and cash welfare for long periods of time and seek to understand the correlates of becoming chronically disconnected. Methods. We analyze data from a 1997–2003 panel study of single mothers who received cas…
Measuring State Welfare Policy Changes: Why Don't They Explain Caseload and Employment Outcomes
Objectives. Since the implementation of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, many analysts have attempted to measure the effects of new state welfare policies, particularly work requirements, sanctions, and time limits, on the Act's key goals—reducing cash assistance caseloads and increasing employment among single mothers. De Jong et al. present new measures of state policy variations, but they do not attempt…
Poverty, Race, and Antipoverty Policy Before and After Hurricane Katrina
Although Hurricane Katrina generated a compassionate public response toward those affected, it did not lead to a serious discourse about the nature of poverty in America, nor did it lead policymakers to re-examine antipoverty policies. In this paper, we present data on long-run trends in the economic status of African Americans and Whites. We demonstrate that even though earnings are lower and poverty rates are higher for African Americans than f…
Inequality of Wage Rates, Earnings and Family Income in the United States, 1975-2002
Framing reference points: The effect of integration and segregation on dynamic inconsistency
Dynamic inconsistency reflects a prediction bias where decision makers fail to follow their plans simply because they experience outcomes on which their plan was based. Specifically, after experiencing an anticipated gain in one gamble, decision makers reject a second gamble they had planned to accept. The opposite pattern is found with losses. A common account of these findings is that prior outcomes are segregated during planned choices and are…
Does it pay to move from welfare to work? Reply to Robert Moffitt and Katie Winder
No abstract
Morbid obesity and the transition from welfare to work
This paper utilizes a rich longitudinal data set--the Women's Employment Study (WES)--to investigate whether obesity, which is common among women of low socioeconomic status, is a barrier to employment and earnings for current and former welfare recipients. We find that former welfare recipients who are both White and morbidly obese have been less successful in transitioning from welfare to work. These women are less likely to work at any survey …
Wealth Disparities Before and After the Great Recession
The collapse of the labor, housing, and stock markets beginning in 2007 created unprecedented challenges for American families. This study examines disparities in wealth holdings leading up to the Great Recession and during the first years of the recovery. All socioeconomic groups experienced declines in wealth following the recession, with higher wealth families experiencing larger absolute declines. In percentage terms, however, the declines we…
Does it pay to move from welfare to work
The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act requires welfare recipients to look for work and has made it more difficult for nonworking recipients to remain on the welfare rolls. In addition, the economic boom of the 1990s and changes in federal and state policies have raised the net income gain associated with moving from welfare to work. This paper analyzes data from a panel survey of single mothers, all of whom rece…
The relationship between income and material hardship
This paper examines the relationship between income and the extent of material hardship and explores other factors that might affect hardship. Using panel data from the Women's Employment Study, we examine the incidence of material hardship from 1997 to 2003 among current and former welfare recipients. We then consider the extent to which income is associated with hardship. We show that hardship decreases monotonically across quintiles of the inc…
Welfare Magnets: Myth or Reality
Since the passage of federal welfare reform in late 1996, 15 states have passed welfare residency requirements that restrict cash assistance to new migrants, an indication that welfare-induced migration concerns state policy-makers. Models of state welfare policy-making assume that states compete in a "race-to-the-bottom" over the generosity of their welfare policies, where neighboring states continuously reduce benefit levels in reaction to one …
The Economics of Crime: Punishment or Income Redistribution
*The authors are Research Associate, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Assistant Professor, National University of Zaire. Sheldon Danziger acknowledges the support of a U.S. Department of Labor, Man-power Dissertation Fellowship. The views expressed are solely those of the authors. Notes *The authors are Research Associate, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Assistant Prof…
Multi-generational income disadvantage and the educational attainment of young adults
Wii Will Rock You!” The Use and Effect of Figurative Language in Consumer Reviews of Hedonic and Utilitarian Consumption
Figurative language in advertising affects product attitudes positively across contexts. In contrast, the present research demonstrates that the use and effectiveness of figurative language in consumer-generated content is context specific, because of conversational norms unique to this form of communication. Study 1 shows that consumer reviews containing more figurative language lead to more favorable attitudes in hedonic, but not utilitarian, c…
Housing Instability Among Current and Former Welfare Recipients
Objectives. We examined correlates of eviction and homelessness among current and former welfare recipients from 1997 to 2003 in an urban Michigan community. Methods. Longitudinal cohort data were drawn from the Women’s Employment Study, a representative panel study of mothers who were receiving cash welfare in February 1997. We used logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for both eviction and homelessness over the survey period. R…
Substance Use among Welfare Recipients: Trends and Policy Responses
Substance use by welfare recipients is frequently mentioned as a barrier to well‐being and social performance. This article uses nationally representative cross‐sectional data and Michigan‐specific panel data to summarize trends in substance use among AFDC/TANF recipients. It also examines the prevalence of substance dependence within the welfare population. Although almost 20 percent of welfare recipients report recent use of some illicit drug d…
Failing the Transition from Welfare to Work: Women Chronically Disconnected from Employment and Cash Welfare
Objectives. Although employment among welfare mothers increased substantially following the 1996 welfare reform, some former welfare recipients failed to find stable employment. We review the extent to which low‐income mothers are without work and cash welfare for long periods of time and seek to understand the correlates of becoming chronically disconnected. Methods. We analyze data from a 1997–2003 panel study of single mothers who received cas…
Employment location and wage rates of poverty-area residents
Evaluating the Effects of the Great Recession
Morbid obesity and the transition from welfare to work
This paper utilizes a rich longitudinal data set--the Women's Employment Study (WES)--to investigate whether obesity, which is common among women of low socioeconomic status, is a barrier to employment and earnings for current and former welfare recipients. We find that former welfare recipients who are both White and morbidly obese have been less successful in transitioning from welfare to work. These women are less likely to work at any survey …
From Welfare to a Work‐based Safety Net: An Incomplete Transition
The level and trend of poverty in the United States, 1939–1979
A detailed record of the number and characteristics of persons in poverty is available since 1959. This paper provides measures for 1939 and 1949 that correspond as closely as possible to the official poverty statistics. Poverty as officially measured fell from 40.5 percent of all persons in 1949 to 13.1 percent in 1979 declining most among the elderly and least among female-headed households. We estimate the effects on the aggregate poverty rate…
Uneven tides: Rising inequality in America
Early-Onset Psychiatric Disorders and Male Socioeconomic Status
Fighting poverty: What Works and What Doesn't
Poverty and Policy: Lessons of the Last Two Decades
Several major issues in the debate about social welfare policy and poverty receive attention. Using alternative measures of poverty, we present data on trends in poverty during the 1964-84 period and analyze how changes in economic conditions, income transfer policies, and demographic shifts contributed to those trends. We review the negative work and family effects of income transfers and suggest that their size is modest. The paper concludes by…
Public Assistance, Female Headship, and Economic Well-Being
Katharine Bradbury, Sheldon Danziger, Eugene Smolensky, Paul Smolensky, Public Assistance, Female Headship, and Economic Well-Being, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 41, No. 3, Family Policy (Aug., 1979), pp. 519-535
Perceived social standing among Asian immigrants in the US: Do reasons for immigration matter
Poverty, Race, and Antipoverty Policy Before and After Hurricane Katrina
Although Hurricane Katrina generated a compassionate public response toward those affected, it did not lead to a serious discourse about the nature of poverty in America, nor did it lead policymakers to re-examine antipoverty policies. In this paper, we present data on long-run trends in the economic status of African Americans and Whites. We demonstrate that even though earnings are lower and poverty rates are higher for African Americans than f…
The Measurement of Poverty: Implications for Antipoverty Policy
The Attraction Effect in Experience‐based Decisions
Previous demonstrations of the attraction effect were limited to explicitly described attribute values (including numerically indexed attributes, such as gambles' outcomes and their likelihoods, or perceptual attributes, such as rectangles' height and width). However, in many real‐life decisions, such as the choice of a preferred grocer, people decide based on their past experience with the options' attributes (e.g., the frequency and magnitude o…
Increasing Work Opportunities and Reducing Poverty Two Decades After Welfare Reform
The Economics of Crime: Punishment or Income Redistribution
*The authors are Research Associate, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Assistant Professor, National University of Zaire. Sheldon Danziger acknowledges the support of a U.S. Department of Labor, Man-power Dissertation Fellowship. The views expressed are solely those of the authors. Notes *The authors are Research Associate, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Assistant Prof…
Employment location and wage rates of poverty-area residents
Income Redistribution and Social Security: Further Evidence
In a recent article in this journal, Martha Ozawa presented some data on the economic efficiency of various government transfer programs in support of her argument that the social security system should be expanded to redistribute more income to low-income families. This note presents some data, not available in published sources, which detail the redistributive impacts of social security and public assistance transfers on various demographic gro…
Author's Reply
An Equilibrium Model of Urban Population and the Distribution of Income
The relationship between the level of income and the population of an urban area is a familiar concern in urban economics. Existing models of this relationship assume a homogeneous labour force and hence no inequality in the size distribution of income within an urban area. In this paper we determine what happens to the degree of inequality in money incomes as urban population increases if there are two classes of workers and if each class is com…
An Equilibrium Model of Urban Population and the Distribution of Income
The relationship between the level of income and the population of an urban area is a familiar concern in urban economics. Existing models of this relationship assume a homogeneous labour force and hence no inequality in the size distribution of income within an urban area. In this paper we determine what happens to the degree of inequality in money incomes as urban population increases if there are two classes of workers and if each class is com…
Getting and Spending
The selected time series on income and consumption appear to give a clear picture of postwar change along the following lines: family incomes have grown substantially ; consumption patterns have shifted away from necessities; income inequality has not increased; and poverty and intergroup income differences have declined. However, the broad indicators on which these conclusions are based do not illuminate the processes by which income is generate…
Can Welfare Reform Eliminate Poverty
This paper describes the existing welfare system, outlines the problems with the system that have led to its being characterized as a "mess," and presents the principles on which President Carter's reform proposals were based. It then analyzes the level and trend in poverty since 1965 and the antipoverty effect of income maintenance programs in general and welfare programs in particular. The contradictions inherent in the goals of eliminating pov…
Public Assistance, Female Headship, and Economic Well-Being
Katharine Bradbury, Sheldon Danziger, Eugene Smolensky, Paul Smolensky, Public Assistance, Female Headship, and Economic Well-Being, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 41, No. 3, Family Policy (Aug., 1979), pp. 519-535
Children in poverty: The truly needy who fall through the safety net
Measuring Poverty and Cutting the Federal Budget
Journal Article Measuring Poverty and Cutting the Federal Budget Get access Sheldon Danziger Sheldon Danziger School of Social Work and Institute for Research on Poverty University of Wisconsin-Madison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Work, Volume 27, Issue 4, July 1982, Pages 369–372, https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/27.4.369 Published: 01 July 1982
The Distributional Impacts of Public Policies
Who Gains and Who Loses From Government Decisions
The Measurement of Poverty: Implications for Antipoverty Policy
The Direct Measurement of Welfare Levels: How Much Does it Cost to Make Ends Meet
Sheldon Danziger, Jacques van der Gaag, Michael K. Taussig, Eugene Smolensky, The Direct Measurement of Welfare Levels: How Much Does it Cost to Make Ends Meet?, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 66, No. 3 (Aug., 1984), pp. 500-505
The Impact of Budget Cuts and Economic Conditions on Poverty
4. Opinion of Judge Learned Hand, U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, United States versus Aluminum Company of America, Federal Reporter, Second Series 148 (1945), p. 416, discussed in, for example, Scherer, Frederick M., Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1980), p. 531. 5. Ayres and Miller, op cit. istical Analy is of Market Power, R view of Economics and Statistics, ( ay 1975): 1 3-140. a ol, William…
The Effects of Unemployment and Policy Changes on America's Poor
First, we employ a methodology that decomposes the change in poverty into changes due to the means and variances of market and transfer incomes and to other factors which affect the shape of the income distribution. We then briefly describe the Reagan economic programme. Finally, we estimate a regression model that reflects changes in these moments of the income distribution to changes in the unemployment rates and to the Reagan programme. The re…
Income Transfer Policies and the Poor: A Cross-National Perspective
A political revolution now under way among Western countries may have drastic repercussions on the poor. For most of the post-war period, government programmes designed to raise the income share of the poor proliferated and expanded. In the wake of the world-wide slowdown in economic growth following the first oil embargo of 1973, critics argued that the gains from redistributional programmes are far outweighed by adverse side-effects that reduce…
Fighting poverty: What Works and What Doesn't
Poverty and Policy: Lessons of the Last Two Decades
Several major issues in the debate about social welfare policy and poverty receive attention. Using alternative measures of poverty, we present data on trends in poverty during the 1964-84 period and analyze how changes in economic conditions, income transfer policies, and demographic shifts contributed to those trends. We review the negative work and family effects of income transfers and suggest that their size is modest. The paper concludes by…
The level and trend of poverty in the United States, 1939–1979
A detailed record of the number and characteristics of persons in poverty is available since 1959. This paper provides measures for 1939 and 1949 that correspond as closely as possible to the official poverty statistics. Poverty as officially measured fell from 40.5 percent of all persons in 1949 to 13.1 percent in 1979 declining most among the elderly and least among female-headed households. We estimate the effects on the aggregate poverty rate…
Fighting Poverty: What Works and What Doesn't
The Continuing American Dilemma: Race, Poverty, and Social Policy
Uneven tides: Rising inequality in America
Child Poverty in Sweden and the United States: The Effect of Social Transfers and Parental Labor Force Participation
The authors compare the incidence and some of the causes of child poverty in Sweden and the United States in selected years using data from the Luxembourg Income Study. The U.S. sample is restricted to white non-hispanic children to present the most favorable comparison with Sweden's more homogeneous population. When parents' labor force participation and demographic characteristics are taken into account, the proportion of children in families w…
Economics (46 works) · Sociology (37 works) · Political science (35 works) · Demographic economics (27 works) · Economic growth (27 works) · Poverty (27 works) · Welfare (23 works) · Psychology (22 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (20 works) · Demography (17 works)