Emilie Cloatre
Biographic Data
| ID | 978525 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Emilie Cloatre |
| GIVEN NAMES | Emilie |
| FAMILY NAME | Cloatre |
| SIGNATURE | CLOATRE E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kent |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1773-7645 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 65 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Resistance, regulation, and governmentality: Interrogating the defunding of homeopathy in France and England (2000 to 2022)
This paper employs a governmentality framework to explore resistance by CAM sceptics to homeopathy’s partial settlement in the public health systems of England and France, resulting in its defunding in both countries in 2018 and 2021, respectively. While partly dependent upon long-standing problematisations (namely, that homeopathy’s ability to heal is unproven, its mechanisms implausible, and its consequences for patients potentially dangerous),…
The object(s) of legality
In this article, we argue for the relevance of studying the association between objects and people as co‐constituting legality in everyday life rather than solely focusing either on people or on ‘icons’. Indeed, we go further and argue that scholarship is in danger of producing an impoverished version of legal consciousness if it fails to look beyond the human actors, the people in society. Studying objects and associations, and their role in the…
Displacements: Objects and Relationality
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the 'Save PDF' action button
In the shadow of the healing rainbow: Belonging and identity in the regulation of traditional medicine in Mauritius
This article explores how traditional healing is regulated in the island of Mauritius. Drawing on postcolonial Science and Technology Studies and their encounter with socio-legal studies, it maps the emergence of the Ayurveda and Other Traditional Medicines Act of 1990 , pointing out the selectivity of the notion of 'tradition' and its entanglement to broader nation-making processes, born in the process of its independence from Britain. While the…
Misdirection and the Regulation of Herbalism in France and England
In this paper, we propose to explore how the regulation of herbalism, in France and in the UK, rests on series of ‘misdirections,’ with the coexistence of law and herbalism depending on multiple magical illusions. Attempts to regulate herbalists, and the responses they invite, involve multiple sleights of hands both by the law and by herbalists. Herbalists perform misdirections to maintain an illusion of legality, even where they bend legal rules…
Enacting a depoliticised alterity: Law and traditional medicine at the World Health Organization
This paper interrogates the depoliticising effects of a seemingly neutral regulatory drive at the heart of the World Health Organization (WHO)'s promotion of traditional medicine. Emerging at WHO in the late 1960s against a political backdrop of decolonisation and pan-Africanism, traditional medicine has continued to be promoted in subsequent decades, culminating in the latest global Traditional Medicine Strategy (2014 to 2023). Yet WHO's promoti…
Traditional Healing and Law in Contemporary Senegal: Legitimacies, Normativities and Practices
In this paper, we chart the context in which contemporary legal debates around traditional healing in Senegal unfold, pointing in particular to the type of power-knowledge relations that are at stake in both the current legal status-quo, and legal changes proposed in 2017. We interrogate the struggles over legitimacy and recognition that are at play in these processes, and the ways in which different actors relate to both formal legal rules, and …
Tradition and reinvention: The making and unmaking of herbal medicines in the UK
This article looks at the development of the regulation of traditional herbal medicines in the European Union (EU) context and its effects in the United Kingdom (UK). Drawing on socio‐legal encounters with science and technology studies (STS), it explores how UK and EU stakeholders have struggled to regulate herbal products, and suggests that in order to tackle growing concerns about their safety, emerging EU legislation built on socio‐technical …
Legalities of Healing: Handling Alterities at the Edge of Medicine in France, 1980s-2010s
The practice of healing by anyone other than qualified doctors or pharmacists has been allegedly illegal in France since the nineteenth century. In this judicial order, the state delegated the power to oversee the boundaries of medicine to doctors and pharmacists, allowing them, with support from criminal courts, to determine which therapeutic techniques should remain their exclusive right. In practice, this apparently neat legal system was never…
Medical Misinformation and Social Harm in Non-Science-Based Health Practices: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
This book brings together contributions of international academics from criminology, digital sociology, health psychology, medicine, law, physics, and journalism
Law and biomedicine and the making of ‘genuine’ traditional medicines in global health
This paper explores the joint roles of law and biomedicine in constituting the boundary between legitimate and illegitimate (and genuine and 'pseudo') traditional healing. It argues that, as law and biomedicine have grown to share common understandings of the nature of knowledge, they have come to act as converging colonizing forces that displace and alter 'other' forms of knowing and ordering. Even as regulatory systems set out to recognize some…
Transformative Illegality: How Condoms ‘Became Legal’ in Ireland, 1991–1993
This paper examines Irish campaigns for condom access in the early 1990s. Against the backdrop of the AIDS crisis, activists campaigned against a law which would not allow condoms to be sold from ordinary commercial spaces or vending machines, and restricted sale to young people. Advancing a conception of ‘transformative illegality’, we show that illegal action was fundamental to the eventual legalisation of commercial condom sale. However, rathe…
Law and ANT (and its Kin): Possibilities, Challenges, and Ways Forward
This article interrogates the contributions that Actor-Network Theory (ANT) has made, and can continue to make, to the critical study of law. Both within its original field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and beyond, ANT has enabled a reimagining of the 'social' as relational, heterogeneous, and fluid. In turn, it has argued for a renewed attention to materiality in social analysis. For law, such approach is potentially fruitful, signific…
On the Perimeter of the Lawful: Enduring Illegality in the Irish Family Planning Movement, 1972-1985
Between 1935 and 1985, Irish law criminalized the sale and importation of condoms. Activists established illegal markets to challenge the law and alleviate its social consequences. They distributed condoms through postal services, shops, stalls, clinics, and machines. Though they largely operated in the open, their activities attracted little direct punishment from the state, and they were able to build a stable network of medical and commercial …
International law, public health, and the meanings of pharmaceuticalization
Recent social science scholarship has employed the term "pharmaceuticalization" in analyses of the production, circulation and use of drugs. In this paper, we seek to open up further discussion of the scope, limits and potential of this as an analytical device through consideration of the role of law and legal processes in directing pharmaceutical flows. To do so, we synthesize a range of empirical and conceptual work concerned with the relations…
Embedded regulation: The migration of objects, scripts, and governance
This paper asks why an officially unregulated market in pharmaceuticals in a least developed country, Djibouti, behaves as if it were strictly regulated, with limited access to a small number of high‐cost drugs. We use Actor‐Network Theory (ANT) to show that the explanation is more complex than critics of the international pharmaceutical industry have supposed. Regulation and property rights generated in developed countries have become embedded i…
A Socio‐legal Analysis of an Actor‐world: The Case of Carbon Trading and the Clean Development Mechanism
This article reviews the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and analyses how it reflects a particular international vision of climate change and its solutions. It discusses how the expectations this approach embeds have become challenged by practice, and practitioners, and how alternative models for the CDM have been put forward. The article argues that these challenges and alternatives can be understood better by borrowing Miche…
The Regulation of Nicotine in the United Kingdom: How Nicotine Gum Came to Be a Medicine, but Not a Drug
This article explores the utility of actor‐network theory (ANT) as a tool for socio‐legal research. ANT is deployed in a study of the evolution of divided regulatory responsibility for tobacco and medicinal nicotine (MN) products in the United Kingdom, with a particular focus on how the latter came to be regulated as a medicine. We examine the regulatory decisions taken in the United Kingdom in respect of the first MN product: a nicotine‐containi…
Trips and Pharmaceutical Patents in Djibouti: An ANT Analysis of Socio-Legal Objects
This article discusses the complexity inherent in the relationship between written law and social action. It uses actor-network theory (`ANT') to amplify this complexity and considers its value both in understanding socio-legal objects and, more broadly, to socio-legal studies itself. The article uses a case study of the role of the Trade Related Intellectual Property agreement (`TRIPS') regarding pharmaceutical patents in a `least developed coun…
Brevets pharmaceutiques occidentaux et accès aux médicaments dans les pays pauvres: Le cas de Djibouti face au droit international de la propriété intellectuelle
Cet article commente les paradoxes générés par l’accord sur les Aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (ADPIC) et les brevets pharmaceutiques en République de Djibouti. Il se situe au cœur d’un vaste débat académique et y ajoute de nouvelles questions, à travers l’exemple d’un type de pays peu étudié — un des pays les plus pauvres. L’exemple des ADPIC est également utilisé de façon à questionner plus généralement …
From International Ethics to European Union Policy: A Case Study on Biopiracy in the EU's Biotechnology Directive
This article explores how the question of biopiracy, and the rights of indigenous people in the context of patents over natural resources related to traditional knowledge became articulated within the European Union's law and policy process. It presents how this issue was first introduced into the EU during the negotiation on the Directive 98/44/EC, and which mechanisms transformed this ethical issue into a policy concern. Analyzing the history o…
On the Perimeter of the Lawful: Enduring Illegality in the Irish Family Planning Movement, 1972-1985
Between 1935 and 1985, Irish law criminalized the sale and importation of condoms. Activists established illegal markets to challenge the law and alleviate its social consequences. They distributed condoms through postal services, shops, stalls, clinics, and machines. Though they largely operated in the open, their activities attracted little direct punishment from the state, and they were able to build a stable network of medical and commercial …
Law and ANT (and its Kin): Possibilities, Challenges, and Ways Forward
This article interrogates the contributions that Actor-Network Theory (ANT) has made, and can continue to make, to the critical study of law. Both within its original field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and beyond, ANT has enabled a reimagining of the 'social' as relational, heterogeneous, and fluid. In turn, it has argued for a renewed attention to materiality in social analysis. For law, such approach is potentially fruitful, signific…
Trips and Pharmaceutical Patents in Djibouti: An ANT Analysis of Socio-Legal Objects
This article discusses the complexity inherent in the relationship between written law and social action. It uses actor-network theory (`ANT') to amplify this complexity and considers its value both in understanding socio-legal objects and, more broadly, to socio-legal studies itself. The article uses a case study of the role of the Trade Related Intellectual Property agreement (`TRIPS') regarding pharmaceutical patents in a `least developed coun…
Transformative Illegality: How Condoms ‘Became Legal’ in Ireland, 1991–1993
This paper examines Irish campaigns for condom access in the early 1990s. Against the backdrop of the AIDS crisis, activists campaigned against a law which would not allow condoms to be sold from ordinary commercial spaces or vending machines, and restricted sale to young people. Advancing a conception of ‘transformative illegality’, we show that illegal action was fundamental to the eventual legalisation of commercial condom sale. However, rathe…
Enacting a depoliticised alterity: Law and traditional medicine at the World Health Organization
This paper interrogates the depoliticising effects of a seemingly neutral regulatory drive at the heart of the World Health Organization (WHO)'s promotion of traditional medicine. Emerging at WHO in the late 1960s against a political backdrop of decolonisation and pan-Africanism, traditional medicine has continued to be promoted in subsequent decades, culminating in the latest global Traditional Medicine Strategy (2014 to 2023). Yet WHO's promoti…
Embedded regulation: The migration of objects, scripts, and governance
This paper asks why an officially unregulated market in pharmaceuticals in a least developed country, Djibouti, behaves as if it were strictly regulated, with limited access to a small number of high‐cost drugs. We use Actor‐Network Theory (ANT) to show that the explanation is more complex than critics of the international pharmaceutical industry have supposed. Regulation and property rights generated in developed countries have become embedded i…
Displacements: Objects and Relationality
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the 'Save PDF' action button
In the shadow of the healing rainbow: Belonging and identity in the regulation of traditional medicine in Mauritius
This article explores how traditional healing is regulated in the island of Mauritius. Drawing on postcolonial Science and Technology Studies and their encounter with socio-legal studies, it maps the emergence of the Ayurveda and Other Traditional Medicines Act of 1990 , pointing out the selectivity of the notion of 'tradition' and its entanglement to broader nation-making processes, born in the process of its independence from Britain. While the…
A Socio‐legal Analysis of an Actor‐world: The Case of Carbon Trading and the Clean Development Mechanism
This article reviews the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and analyses how it reflects a particular international vision of climate change and its solutions. It discusses how the expectations this approach embeds have become challenged by practice, and practitioners, and how alternative models for the CDM have been put forward. The article argues that these challenges and alternatives can be understood better by borrowing Miche…
Resistance, regulation, and governmentality: Interrogating the defunding of homeopathy in France and England (2000 to 2022)
This paper employs a governmentality framework to explore resistance by CAM sceptics to homeopathy’s partial settlement in the public health systems of England and France, resulting in its defunding in both countries in 2018 and 2021, respectively. While partly dependent upon long-standing problematisations (namely, that homeopathy’s ability to heal is unproven, its mechanisms implausible, and its consequences for patients potentially dangerous),…
The object(s) of legality
In this article, we argue for the relevance of studying the association between objects and people as co‐constituting legality in everyday life rather than solely focusing either on people or on ‘icons’. Indeed, we go further and argue that scholarship is in danger of producing an impoverished version of legal consciousness if it fails to look beyond the human actors, the people in society. Studying objects and associations, and their role in the…
Traditional Healing and Law in Contemporary Senegal: Legitimacies, Normativities and Practices
In this paper, we chart the context in which contemporary legal debates around traditional healing in Senegal unfold, pointing in particular to the type of power-knowledge relations that are at stake in both the current legal status-quo, and legal changes proposed in 2017. We interrogate the struggles over legitimacy and recognition that are at play in these processes, and the ways in which different actors relate to both formal legal rules, and …
Legalities of Healing: Handling Alterities at the Edge of Medicine in France, 1980s-2010s
The practice of healing by anyone other than qualified doctors or pharmacists has been allegedly illegal in France since the nineteenth century. In this judicial order, the state delegated the power to oversee the boundaries of medicine to doctors and pharmacists, allowing them, with support from criminal courts, to determine which therapeutic techniques should remain their exclusive right. In practice, this apparently neat legal system was never…
The Regulation of Nicotine in the United Kingdom: How Nicotine Gum Came to Be a Medicine, but Not a Drug
This article explores the utility of actor‐network theory (ANT) as a tool for socio‐legal research. ANT is deployed in a study of the evolution of divided regulatory responsibility for tobacco and medicinal nicotine (MN) products in the United Kingdom, with a particular focus on how the latter came to be regulated as a medicine. We examine the regulatory decisions taken in the United Kingdom in respect of the first MN product: a nicotine‐containi…
From International Ethics to European Union Policy: A Case Study on Biopiracy in the EU's Biotechnology Directive
This article explores how the question of biopiracy, and the rights of indigenous people in the context of patents over natural resources related to traditional knowledge became articulated within the European Union's law and policy process. It presents how this issue was first introduced into the EU during the negotiation on the Directive 98/44/EC, and which mechanisms transformed this ethical issue into a policy concern. Analyzing the history o…
From International Ethics to European Union Policy: A Case Study on Biopiracy in the EU's Biotechnology Directive
This article explores how the question of biopiracy, and the rights of indigenous people in the context of patents over natural resources related to traditional knowledge became articulated within the European Union's law and policy process. It presents how this issue was first introduced into the EU during the negotiation on the Directive 98/44/EC, and which mechanisms transformed this ethical issue into a policy concern. Analyzing the history o…
Trips and Pharmaceutical Patents in Djibouti: An ANT Analysis of Socio-Legal Objects
This article discusses the complexity inherent in the relationship between written law and social action. It uses actor-network theory (`ANT') to amplify this complexity and considers its value both in understanding socio-legal objects and, more broadly, to socio-legal studies itself. The article uses a case study of the role of the Trade Related Intellectual Property agreement (`TRIPS') regarding pharmaceutical patents in a `least developed coun…
Brevets pharmaceutiques occidentaux et accès aux médicaments dans les pays pauvres: Le cas de Djibouti face au droit international de la propriété intellectuelle
Cet article commente les paradoxes générés par l’accord sur les Aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (ADPIC) et les brevets pharmaceutiques en République de Djibouti. Il se situe au cœur d’un vaste débat académique et y ajoute de nouvelles questions, à travers l’exemple d’un type de pays peu étudié — un des pays les plus pauvres. L’exemple des ADPIC est également utilisé de façon à questionner plus généralement …
A Socio‐legal Analysis of an Actor‐world: The Case of Carbon Trading and the Clean Development Mechanism
This article reviews the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and analyses how it reflects a particular international vision of climate change and its solutions. It discusses how the expectations this approach embeds have become challenged by practice, and practitioners, and how alternative models for the CDM have been put forward. The article argues that these challenges and alternatives can be understood better by borrowing Miche…
The Regulation of Nicotine in the United Kingdom: How Nicotine Gum Came to Be a Medicine, but Not a Drug
This article explores the utility of actor‐network theory (ANT) as a tool for socio‐legal research. ANT is deployed in a study of the evolution of divided regulatory responsibility for tobacco and medicinal nicotine (MN) products in the United Kingdom, with a particular focus on how the latter came to be regulated as a medicine. We examine the regulatory decisions taken in the United Kingdom in respect of the first MN product: a nicotine‐containi…
Embedded regulation: The migration of objects, scripts, and governance
This paper asks why an officially unregulated market in pharmaceuticals in a least developed country, Djibouti, behaves as if it were strictly regulated, with limited access to a small number of high‐cost drugs. We use Actor‐Network Theory (ANT) to show that the explanation is more complex than critics of the international pharmaceutical industry have supposed. Regulation and property rights generated in developed countries have become embedded i…
International law, public health, and the meanings of pharmaceuticalization
Recent social science scholarship has employed the term "pharmaceuticalization" in analyses of the production, circulation and use of drugs. In this paper, we seek to open up further discussion of the scope, limits and potential of this as an analytical device through consideration of the role of law and legal processes in directing pharmaceutical flows. To do so, we synthesize a range of empirical and conceptual work concerned with the relations…
On the Perimeter of the Lawful: Enduring Illegality in the Irish Family Planning Movement, 1972-1985
Between 1935 and 1985, Irish law criminalized the sale and importation of condoms. Activists established illegal markets to challenge the law and alleviate its social consequences. They distributed condoms through postal services, shops, stalls, clinics, and machines. Though they largely operated in the open, their activities attracted little direct punishment from the state, and they were able to build a stable network of medical and commercial …
Transformative Illegality: How Condoms ‘Became Legal’ in Ireland, 1991–1993
This paper examines Irish campaigns for condom access in the early 1990s. Against the backdrop of the AIDS crisis, activists campaigned against a law which would not allow condoms to be sold from ordinary commercial spaces or vending machines, and restricted sale to young people. Advancing a conception of ‘transformative illegality’, we show that illegal action was fundamental to the eventual legalisation of commercial condom sale. However, rathe…
Law and ANT (and its Kin): Possibilities, Challenges, and Ways Forward
This article interrogates the contributions that Actor-Network Theory (ANT) has made, and can continue to make, to the critical study of law. Both within its original field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and beyond, ANT has enabled a reimagining of the 'social' as relational, heterogeneous, and fluid. In turn, it has argued for a renewed attention to materiality in social analysis. For law, such approach is potentially fruitful, signific…
Medical Misinformation and Social Harm in Non-Science-Based Health Practices: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
This book brings together contributions of international academics from criminology, digital sociology, health psychology, medicine, law, physics, and journalism
Law and biomedicine and the making of ‘genuine’ traditional medicines in global health
This paper explores the joint roles of law and biomedicine in constituting the boundary between legitimate and illegitimate (and genuine and 'pseudo') traditional healing. It argues that, as law and biomedicine have grown to share common understandings of the nature of knowledge, they have come to act as converging colonizing forces that displace and alter 'other' forms of knowing and ordering. Even as regulatory systems set out to recognize some…
Legalities of Healing: Handling Alterities at the Edge of Medicine in France, 1980s-2010s
The practice of healing by anyone other than qualified doctors or pharmacists has been allegedly illegal in France since the nineteenth century. In this judicial order, the state delegated the power to oversee the boundaries of medicine to doctors and pharmacists, allowing them, with support from criminal courts, to determine which therapeutic techniques should remain their exclusive right. In practice, this apparently neat legal system was never…
Misdirection and the Regulation of Herbalism in France and England
In this paper, we propose to explore how the regulation of herbalism, in France and in the UK, rests on series of ‘misdirections,’ with the coexistence of law and herbalism depending on multiple magical illusions. Attempts to regulate herbalists, and the responses they invite, involve multiple sleights of hands both by the law and by herbalists. Herbalists perform misdirections to maintain an illusion of legality, even where they bend legal rules…
Enacting a depoliticised alterity: Law and traditional medicine at the World Health Organization
This paper interrogates the depoliticising effects of a seemingly neutral regulatory drive at the heart of the World Health Organization (WHO)'s promotion of traditional medicine. Emerging at WHO in the late 1960s against a political backdrop of decolonisation and pan-Africanism, traditional medicine has continued to be promoted in subsequent decades, culminating in the latest global Traditional Medicine Strategy (2014 to 2023). Yet WHO's promoti…
Traditional Healing and Law in Contemporary Senegal: Legitimacies, Normativities and Practices
In this paper, we chart the context in which contemporary legal debates around traditional healing in Senegal unfold, pointing in particular to the type of power-knowledge relations that are at stake in both the current legal status-quo, and legal changes proposed in 2017. We interrogate the struggles over legitimacy and recognition that are at play in these processes, and the ways in which different actors relate to both formal legal rules, and …
Tradition and reinvention: The making and unmaking of herbal medicines in the UK
This article looks at the development of the regulation of traditional herbal medicines in the European Union (EU) context and its effects in the United Kingdom (UK). Drawing on socio‐legal encounters with science and technology studies (STS), it explores how UK and EU stakeholders have struggled to regulate herbal products, and suggests that in order to tackle growing concerns about their safety, emerging EU legislation built on socio‐technical …
In the shadow of the healing rainbow: Belonging and identity in the regulation of traditional medicine in Mauritius
This article explores how traditional healing is regulated in the island of Mauritius. Drawing on postcolonial Science and Technology Studies and their encounter with socio-legal studies, it maps the emergence of the Ayurveda and Other Traditional Medicines Act of 1990 , pointing out the selectivity of the notion of 'tradition' and its entanglement to broader nation-making processes, born in the process of its independence from Britain. While the…
Resistance, regulation, and governmentality: Interrogating the defunding of homeopathy in France and England (2000 to 2022)
This paper employs a governmentality framework to explore resistance by CAM sceptics to homeopathy’s partial settlement in the public health systems of England and France, resulting in its defunding in both countries in 2018 and 2021, respectively. While partly dependent upon long-standing problematisations (namely, that homeopathy’s ability to heal is unproven, its mechanisms implausible, and its consequences for patients potentially dangerous),…
The object(s) of legality
In this article, we argue for the relevance of studying the association between objects and people as co‐constituting legality in everyday life rather than solely focusing either on people or on ‘icons’. Indeed, we go further and argue that scholarship is in danger of producing an impoverished version of legal consciousness if it fails to look beyond the human actors, the people in society. Studying objects and associations, and their role in the…
Displacements: Objects and Relationality
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the 'Save PDF' action button
Political science (18 works) · Law (14 works) · Law (14 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Law and economics (8 works) · Business (6 works) · Medicine (6 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Economics (5 works) · Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies (4 works)