Christopher R Friedrichs
Biographic Data
| ID | 979177 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Christopher R Friedrichs |
| GIVEN NAMES | Christopher R |
| FAMILY NAME | Friedrichs |
| SIGNATURE | FRIEDRICHS C R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of British Columbia |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8425-1509 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 47 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 31 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 47 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
House-Destruction as a Ritual of Punishment in Early Modern Europe
The public execution of criminals was a familiar ritual of early modern European society. This article, however, examines the less frequent practice of ordering that a criminal’s house be ritually demolished following the execution. In many cases, the destroyed house was then replaced by a monument which was intended to simultaneously obliterate and perpetuate the criminal’s memory. Rare as it was, ritual house-destruction was a surprisingly wide…
Maarten Prak. Citizens without Nations
Almost everyone living on our planet today is the citizen of some nation-state. To be sure, some people have dual (or more) citizenships, and some are sadly stateless, but citizenship in one nation is the norm and it typically involves a clearly defined set of rights and obligations based on recognized membership in a national community. This was not always the case, of course. The ancient Mediterranean world had a concept of citizenship, notably…
Cities as Republics in Early Modern Europe
Hometown Religion
The Early Modern City 1450-1750
A pioneering text which covers the urban society of early modern Europe as a whole. Challenges the usual emphasis on regional diversity by stressing the extent to which cities across Europe shared a common urban civilization whose major features remained remarkably constant throughout the period. After outlining the physical, political, religious, economic and demographic parameters of urban life, the author vividly depicts the everyday routines …
How German was the German Home Town
We have loved this book for more than forty years. Age cannot wither its intellectual charms, nor custom stale its endless teachability, especially in graduate seminars. As in any long relationship, there have been moments of vexation and irritation, but we return to this book over and over to be nourished anew by its originality, its insights, and its capacity not just to evoke a certain kind of German community but also to convince us that the …
Is Bigger Better? Urban History on a Millennial Scale
Paper Memory
"Paper Memory: A Sixteenth-Century Townsman Writes His World, by Matthew Lundin." Canadian Journal of History, 48(2), pp. 323–324
Yair MINTZKER. The Defortification of the German City, 1689-1866
Every historian knows that European cities were once surrounded by walls but that by the end of the nineteenth century, except for a few curious holdouts, those walls no longer existed. Few historians, however, have given much thought to how or why city walls disappeared. After all, the answers seem intuitively obvious: walls no longer offered cities much military protection, and they were obstacles to urban growth and industrialization. So someb…
Society and Culture in Early Modern France
Beat Kümin, Drinking Matters
The Market and the City
Flesh and Spirit
Jewish household structure in an early modern town
In July 1610, municipal officials of the German city of Worms conducted a visitation of the city's Jewish ghetto. The visitation resulted in a remarkably precise census of this Jewish community, which was one of the largest in early modern Germany. In 1610, the Jewish community of Worms had a total of 759 inhabitants living in 95 households plus some additional indigents living in communal institutions. A total of 619 of those living in household…
Urban Politics in Early Modern Europe
Urban Politics in Early Modern Europe is an important survey of the complex relationships between urban politics and regional and national politics in Europe from 1500 to 1789. In an era when the national state was far less developed than today, crucial decisions about economic, religious and social policy were often settled at the municipal level. Cities were frequently the scenes of sudden tensions or bitter conflicts between ordinary citizens …
Alexander Cowan, Urban Europe, 1500–1700 . (London
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Magde in der Stadt
But Are We Any Closer to Home
For a quarter of a century we have lived not in but with the “German home town.” For it was in 1971 that Mack Walker published his remarkable book, German Home Towns: Community, State and General Estate, 1648–1871 . I well recall my own excitement when I first read this book, just as I was completing a dissertation on the social history of a German town in the seventeenth century. Not only was German Home Towns original and provocative, but it se…
German cities in the late early modern era
Sources of information abound for the study of German urban demography in the ‘late’ early modern era – the period from about 1600 to 1800. Yet we are still a long way from a comprehensive grasp of urbanpopulation trends. Frequently-cited figures for the total population of German cities are often based on the uncritical replication of casual estimates. Intensive case studies which exploit the full range of available sources are more reliable, ye…
Teaching the Unteachable
Much attention has been devoted to the development of college or university courses dealing entirely with the Holocaust. For many students, however, a general survey course provides the only context in which they will study the Holocaust as part of their higher education. This article, based on the author's experience in teaching at a Canadian university, suggests how the Holocaust can be treated in a survey course on twentieth-century history. W…
In and out of the Ghetto
During the 1920s much attention was paid to the history of Jews in Germany since the Enlightenment and the subject became popular again, with renewed emphasis, after 1945. Many historians were deeply committed to understanding and explaining the tragic path that led from the emancipation of the Jews to the Holocaust. For a long time, much less work was done on the history of Jews in Germany in earlier periods, particularly the period between the …
Das Frauenhaus
Lille and the Dutch Revolt
"Lille and the Dutch Revolt: Urban Stability in an Era of Revolution, 1500-1582, by Robert S. DuPlessis." Canadian Journal of History, 28(3), pp. 570–571
Oberdeutsche Städte im Vergleich
Urban Politics and Urban Social Structure in Seventeenth-Century Germany
Politics or Pogrom? The Fettmilch Uprising in German and Jewish History
Something important happened in the imperial city of Frankfurt am Main between 1612 and 1616. Nobody doubts that. The Fettmilch Uprising, as it is generally known, involved a complex and turbulent series of events which culminated in the dramatic execution of the ringleader, Vincenz Fettmilch, and six of his comrades. But why exactly were they executed—and what was the uprising all about? This depends on what you read. It is a commonplace, of cou…
German town revolts and the seventeenth‐century crisis∗
Capitalism, Mobility and Class Formation in the Early Modern German City
CAPITALISM, MOBILITY AND CLASS FORMATION IN THE EARLY MODERN GERMAN CITY Get access Christopher R. Friedrichs Christopher R. Friedrichs University of British Columbia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 69, Issue 1, November 1975, Pages 24–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/69.1.24 Published: 01 November 1975
House-Destruction as a Ritual of Punishment in Early Modern Europe
The public execution of criminals was a familiar ritual of early modern European society. This article, however, examines the less frequent practice of ordering that a criminal’s house be ritually demolished following the execution. In many cases, the destroyed house was then replaced by a monument which was intended to simultaneously obliterate and perpetuate the criminal’s memory. Rare as it was, ritual house-destruction was a surprisingly wide…
Urban Conflicts and the Imperial Constitution in Seventeenth-Century Germany
But Are We Any Closer to Home
For a quarter of a century we have lived not in but with the “German home town.” For it was in 1971 that Mack Walker published his remarkable book, German Home Towns: Community, State and General Estate, 1648–1871 . I well recall my own excitement when I first read this book, just as I was completing a dissertation on the social history of a German town in the seventeenth century. Not only was German Home Towns original and provocative, but it se…
Anti-Jewish Politics in Early Modern Germany
On Easter Monday, 1615—the seventh day of Passover in 5375 by the Jewish calender — the entire Jewish community of the German city of Worms was sent into exile. But the banishment of the Jews, which followed almost two years of anti-Jewish agitation by the citizens of Worms, was far from permanent.Eight months later, by order of commissioners appointed by the Holy Roman Emperor, the Jews of Worms were permitted to return. They remained in the cit…
Whose House of Learning? Some Thoughts on German Schools in Post-Reformation Germany
GERMAN SCHOOLS, says Gerald Strauss near the beginning of Luther's House of Learning, . . are central to this book.' Certainly the vernacular schools are central to the argument of the book, for their inability to provide an effective religious education lies at the heart of Strauss' case that the German Reformation was a failure at least in terms of the reformers' own aspirations. This argument, richly documented and persuasively presented as it…
Jewish household structure in an early modern town
In July 1610, municipal officials of the German city of Worms conducted a visitation of the city's Jewish ghetto. The visitation resulted in a remarkably precise census of this Jewish community, which was one of the largest in early modern Germany. In 1610, the Jewish community of Worms had a total of 759 inhabitants living in 95 households plus some additional indigents living in communal institutions. A total of 619 of those living in household…
German cities in the late early modern era
Sources of information abound for the study of German urban demography in the ‘late’ early modern era – the period from about 1600 to 1800. Yet we are still a long way from a comprehensive grasp of urbanpopulation trends. Frequently-cited figures for the total population of German cities are often based on the uncritical replication of casual estimates. Intensive case studies which exploit the full range of available sources are more reliable, ye…
Teaching the Unteachable
Much attention has been devoted to the development of college or university courses dealing entirely with the Holocaust. For many students, however, a general survey course provides the only context in which they will study the Holocaust as part of their higher education. This article, based on the author's experience in teaching at a Canadian university, suggests how the Holocaust can be treated in a survey course on twentieth-century history. W…
Early Capitalism and its Enemies
The long, slow decline of the handicraft industries in Western Europe was attended by protracted hardship and misery for the artisan classes, short-term exploitative opportunities for crass merchants to whom the old medieval communal values were outdated cant, and confusion and eventual rout for the town fathers who attempted to maintain such values in the face of ineluctable economic change. Professor Friedrichs draws these conclusions from his …
The German Nation and Martin Luther
is commendable.One understands more readily how Trent developed its rigorism when Di Nugent indicates how similar intractable and triumphalist views were spawned at Poissy.I is probable that with the spectre of Philip II's Spanish Catholic power in the background, any accommodation made for the Reformers at Poissy would only have been made at the price of further schism.The "Hispancization of Roman Catholicism" was clearly recognizi at Poissy, an…
Capitalism, Mobility and Class Formation in the Early Modern German City
CAPITALISM, MOBILITY AND CLASS FORMATION IN THE EARLY MODERN GERMAN CITY Get access Christopher R. Friedrichs Christopher R. Friedrichs University of British Columbia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 69, Issue 1, November 1975, Pages 24–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/69.1.24 Published: 01 November 1975
Early Capitalism and its Enemies
The long, slow decline of the handicraft industries in Western Europe was attended by protracted hardship and misery for the artisan classes, short-term exploitative opportunities for crass merchants to whom the old medieval communal values were outdated cant, and confusion and eventual rout for the town fathers who attempted to maintain such values in the face of ineluctable economic change. Professor Friedrichs draws these conclusions from his …
Ruling Class, Regime and Reformation at Strasbourg, 1520-1555 . Thomas A. Brady
Urban Society in an Age of War
Urban Society in an Age of War
Under the premise that local history can illuminate aspects of the past in ways that few works of broad historical synthesis can ever hope to equal, Christopher Friedrichs draws a comprehensive portrait of the small German city of Nördlingen during a turbulent century and a half of early modern history. In doing so he explores the transition from a traditional to a modern way of life. Originally published in 1980. The Princeton Legacy Library use…
Urban Society in an Age of War
The Late City Reformation in Germany
"The Late City Reformation in Germany: The Case of Coimar, 1522-1628, by Kaspar von Greyerz." Canadian Journal of History, 16(3), pp. 465–466
Urban Society in an Age of War
German town revolts and the seventeenth‐century crisis∗
Whose House of Learning? Some Thoughts on German Schools in Post-Reformation Germany
GERMAN SCHOOLS, says Gerald Strauss near the beginning of Luther's House of Learning, . . are central to this book.' Certainly the vernacular schools are central to the argument of the book, for their inability to provide an effective religious education lies at the heart of Strauss' case that the German Reformation was a failure at least in terms of the reformers' own aspirations. This argument, richly documented and persuasively presented as it…
Die Augsburger Weber
Society and Religion in Munster, 1535-1618
Short notices
Ruth Kastner, Geistlicher Rauffhandel. Form und Funktion der illustrierten Flugblütter zum Reformationsjubiläum 1617 (1982), 421 (Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, n.p.) (Clerical Rowdyism. Form and Function of the Illustrated Broadsheets for the Reformation Jubilee of 1617). Patrick Collinson, The Religion of Protestants. The Church in English Society 1559–1625 (1982), xiv+297 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £17.50). Etienne François, Koblenz im 1…
Power in the Blood
Politics or Pogrom? The Fettmilch Uprising in German and Jewish History
Something important happened in the imperial city of Frankfurt am Main between 1612 and 1616. Nobody doubts that. The Fettmilch Uprising, as it is generally known, involved a complex and turbulent series of events which culminated in the dramatic execution of the ringleader, Vincenz Fettmilch, and six of his comrades. But why exactly were they executed—and what was the uprising all about? This depends on what you read. It is a commonplace, of cou…
Urban Conflicts and the Imperial Constitution in Seventeenth-Century Germany
Quantitative Methoden in der Geschichtswissenschaft
Anti-Jewish Politics in Early Modern Germany
On Easter Monday, 1615—the seventh day of Passover in 5375 by the Jewish calender — the entire Jewish community of the German city of Worms was sent into exile. But the banishment of the Jews, which followed almost two years of anti-Jewish agitation by the citizens of Worms, was far from permanent.Eight months later, by order of commissioners appointed by the Holy Roman Emperor, the Jews of Worms were permitted to return. They remained in the cit…
Three Behaim Boys
Rural Society and the Search for Order in Early Modern Germany
Oberdeutsche Städte im Vergleich
Urban Politics and Urban Social Structure in Seventeenth-Century Germany
Theatre of Horror
Das Frauenhaus
Political science (35 works) · History (30 works) · Reformation and Early Modern Christianity (30 works) · Sociology (20 works) · History (19 works) · Economic history (17 works) · Law (17 works) · Archaeology (14 works) · Art (14 works) · German (14 works)