Nils Braakmann
Biographic Data
| ID | 987259 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Nils Braakmann |
| GIVEN NAMES | Nils |
| FAMILY NAME | Braakmann |
| SIGNATURE | BRAAKMANN N |
| AFFILIATIONS | Newcastle University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7529-7764 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 22 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Crime Prevention Through Private Actors
This paper investigates the effectiveness of private actors in contributing to crime prevention. We leverage well‐publicised increases in security measures, including additional security guards and tagging of goods, by Tesco, a large UK supermarket chain. Utilising geocoded administrative crime data and address information of supermarkets in Greater London, we compare streets near a Tesco supermarket with two control areas in a differences‐in‐dif…
Football Matches and Policing
While the relationship between football matches and crime has been well documented, little is known about whether such events also escalate violent interactions between police officers and civilians. This study addresses that gap by analysing use of force data from the Metropolitan Police Service in London to assess the impact of football matches on police behaviour. We find that on match days, the number of use of force incidents increases by an…
The death of the “High Street”? Main street closures, social disorder and urban change
How do changing shopping habits shape cities? We investigate this question in the context of major shop closures. Leveraging geocoded crime and economic data at the level of small areas covering England and Wales, we examine the effects of these closures on criminal activity and urban dynamics. Our findings reveal that closures lead to significant increases in crime. These effects survive a battery of robustness checks and are highly localised. W…
Do Higher Education Strikes Affect University Outcomes? Evidence From Pension Disputes in UK Universities
The impact of strikes in higher education institutions remains understudied. This paper investigates the impact of education strikes in UK universities from 2018 to 2022, primarily due to pension disputes. Using data from the Guardian University Guide and the UK's Research Excellence Frameworks and leveraging a difference‐in‐differences approach, our findings suggest significant declines in several student‐related outcomes, such as student satisf…
Spatial inequality in unsolved crimes
Using administrative data on the universe of police recorded crime linked to judicial outcomes for England and Wales from January 2013 to December 2018, we document—for the first time—large and persistent spatial inequalities in the proportion of solved and unsolved crimes across small neighborhoods covering a whole country. We find substantial differences across neighborhoods in the same municipality or police force. Fixed effects decompositions…
Energy price shocks and the demand for energy‐efficient housing
This paper examines how the energy price shock post Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 affected property transactions. Using administrative data on transaction price and energy efficiency in the UK, we explore if buyers adjust behaviour in response to greater energy costs. Using hedonic difference‐in‐differences models, we find that prices increase by £1000 for high‐rated energy efficiency properties and decrease by £2400 for low‐rated ones. Pr…
Racial Disparities in Civilian Response to Police Use of Force
This study explores the impact of police use of force on civilian interactions with the police, focussing on neighbourhoods with different ethnic compositions across London. Analysing the effects of three notable police-induced civilian fatalities as well as monthly fluctuations in the Metropolitan Police Service’s use of force, I find a decrease in reported crime and the proportion of crime without a suspect in Black neighbourhoods. These patter…
Unions as insurance
We investigate to what extent workplace unionization protects workers from external shocks by preventing involuntary job separations. Using the COVID‐19 pandemic as a plausibly exogenous shock hitting the whole economy, we compare workers who worked in unionized and non‐unionized workplaces directly before the pandemic in a difference‐in‐differences framework. We find that unionized workers were substantially more likely to remain working for the…
Austerity, welfare cuts and hate crime
From 2010 the UK entered an ‘age of austerity’, with major cuts to welfare payments. We study the link between these cuts and increases in hate crimes. Using a panel of 313 Community Safety Partnerships areas in England and Wales, we show that for each £100 loss per working age adult, racially or religiously motivated crimes rose by approximately 5-6% in 2013/14 and 2014/15. These effects are large given a mean loss of £450 per working age adult …
Residential turnover and crime—Evidence from administrative data for England and Wales
This article combines administrative data on housing transactions with monthly crime data for the years 2014–18 to investigate the link between residential turnover and crime. Using a panel of 34,753 small neighbourhoods in England and Wales as well as street-level data for London, estimates from models with multiple fixed effects suggest that higher turnover is associated with higher overall crime rates. These effects are small and driven by inc…
Négociation et performance
S'appuyant sur des données représentatives au niveau des entreprises, disponibles pour l'ensemble de l'UE, les auteurs analysent la relation entre les processus et structures institutionnelles de négociation collective et l'évolution de la productivité du travail. Ils montrent que la nature du système de négociation a une influence marquée: certaines caractéristiques sont associées à une baisse de performance (notamment la présence d'un système d…
The effects of collective bargaining systems on the productivity function of firms
In recent years, individual and company bargaining have increasingly supplanted sector and country collective bargaining leading to increasingly heterogeneous and perforated, that is, hybrid, national collective bargaining systems. Little is known about the relative effects of these different systems. In this paper, the authors derive and test a comprehensive categorization of collective bargaining systems and argue that different systems are ass…
Immigration Status Uncertainty and Mental Health—Evidence from Brexit
The decision of the UK to leave the European Union created uncertainty for European citizens resident in the UK for the period 2016–2019. This paper studies the effects of this uncertainty on their mental health. Using data from a large household panel and a difference‐in‐differences framework, we find no evidence for a decline in mental health or life satisfaction for various definitions of EU citizens relative to multiple control groups. These …
Housing subsidies and property prices
Variable Pay Systems and/or Collective Wage Bargaining? Complements or Substitutes
Whether collective wage bargaining impedes the implementation of variable pay systems is uncertain. The authors argue that much of this uncertainty is attributable to the fact that research neglects differences in the institutional structure of bargaining. Using representative company-level data for all member states of the European Union, the authors investigate the incidence of variable pay systems in general as well as pay types that include p…
The link between crime risk and property prices in England and Wales
This paper uses street-level data on property sales and crime rates for England and Wales to investigate compensating differentials for crime risk. My identification strategy relies on the use of non-parametric regional time trends on various levels of spatial aggregation as well as various fixed effects for streets and wider areas to control for unobserved amenities and regional economic conditions. The data comes from transaction data collected…
Cannabis depenalisation, drug consumption and crime - Evidence from the 2004 cannabis declassification in the UK
Islamistic Terror and the Labour Market Prospects of Arab Men in England
This paper considers two questions on the labour market discrimination against Arab or Muslim men after the recent terrorist attacks. First, I consider for the first time the impact of the September 11 attacks on the wages and working hours of Arabs in Europe. Second, I test whether the fact that a country was the direct target of terrorist attacks influences discrimination using the Madrid train bombings on 11 March 2004 and the London bombings …
Is there a compensating wage differential for high crime levels? First evidence from Europe
Islamistic Terror and the Labour Market Prospects of Arab Men in England
This paper considers two questions on the labour market discrimination against Arab or Muslim men after the recent terrorist attacks. First, I consider for the first time the impact of the September 11 attacks on the wages and working hours of Arabs in Europe. Second, I test whether the fact that a country was the direct target of terrorist attacks influences discrimination using the Madrid train bombings on 11 March 2004 and the London bombings …
Austerity, welfare cuts and hate crime
From 2010 the UK entered an ‘age of austerity’, with major cuts to welfare payments. We study the link between these cuts and increases in hate crimes. Using a panel of 313 Community Safety Partnerships areas in England and Wales, we show that for each £100 loss per working age adult, racially or religiously motivated crimes rose by approximately 5-6% in 2013/14 and 2014/15. These effects are large given a mean loss of £450 per working age adult …
The link between crime risk and property prices in England and Wales
This paper uses street-level data on property sales and crime rates for England and Wales to investigate compensating differentials for crime risk. My identification strategy relies on the use of non-parametric regional time trends on various levels of spatial aggregation as well as various fixed effects for streets and wider areas to control for unobserved amenities and regional economic conditions. The data comes from transaction data collected…
Residential turnover and crime—Evidence from administrative data for England and Wales
This article combines administrative data on housing transactions with monthly crime data for the years 2014–18 to investigate the link between residential turnover and crime. Using a panel of 34,753 small neighbourhoods in England and Wales as well as street-level data for London, estimates from models with multiple fixed effects suggest that higher turnover is associated with higher overall crime rates. These effects are small and driven by inc…
Cannabis depenalisation, drug consumption and crime - Evidence from the 2004 cannabis declassification in the UK
Is there a compensating wage differential for high crime levels? First evidence from Europe
Is there a compensating wage differential for high crime levels? First evidence from Europe
Islamistic Terror and the Labour Market Prospects of Arab Men in England
This paper considers two questions on the labour market discrimination against Arab or Muslim men after the recent terrorist attacks. First, I consider for the first time the impact of the September 11 attacks on the wages and working hours of Arabs in Europe. Second, I test whether the fact that a country was the direct target of terrorist attacks influences discrimination using the Madrid train bombings on 11 March 2004 and the London bombings …
Cannabis depenalisation, drug consumption and crime - Evidence from the 2004 cannabis declassification in the UK
The link between crime risk and property prices in England and Wales
This paper uses street-level data on property sales and crime rates for England and Wales to investigate compensating differentials for crime risk. My identification strategy relies on the use of non-parametric regional time trends on various levels of spatial aggregation as well as various fixed effects for streets and wider areas to control for unobserved amenities and regional economic conditions. The data comes from transaction data collected…
Variable Pay Systems and/or Collective Wage Bargaining? Complements or Substitutes
Whether collective wage bargaining impedes the implementation of variable pay systems is uncertain. The authors argue that much of this uncertainty is attributable to the fact that research neglects differences in the institutional structure of bargaining. Using representative company-level data for all member states of the European Union, the authors investigate the incidence of variable pay systems in general as well as pay types that include p…
Housing subsidies and property prices
Négociation et performance
S'appuyant sur des données représentatives au niveau des entreprises, disponibles pour l'ensemble de l'UE, les auteurs analysent la relation entre les processus et structures institutionnelles de négociation collective et l'évolution de la productivité du travail. Ils montrent que la nature du système de négociation a une influence marquée: certaines caractéristiques sont associées à une baisse de performance (notamment la présence d'un système d…
The effects of collective bargaining systems on the productivity function of firms
In recent years, individual and company bargaining have increasingly supplanted sector and country collective bargaining leading to increasingly heterogeneous and perforated, that is, hybrid, national collective bargaining systems. Little is known about the relative effects of these different systems. In this paper, the authors derive and test a comprehensive categorization of collective bargaining systems and argue that different systems are ass…
Immigration Status Uncertainty and Mental Health—Evidence from Brexit
The decision of the UK to leave the European Union created uncertainty for European citizens resident in the UK for the period 2016–2019. This paper studies the effects of this uncertainty on their mental health. Using data from a large household panel and a difference‐in‐differences framework, we find no evidence for a decline in mental health or life satisfaction for various definitions of EU citizens relative to multiple control groups. These …
Residential turnover and crime—Evidence from administrative data for England and Wales
This article combines administrative data on housing transactions with monthly crime data for the years 2014–18 to investigate the link between residential turnover and crime. Using a panel of 34,753 small neighbourhoods in England and Wales as well as street-level data for London, estimates from models with multiple fixed effects suggest that higher turnover is associated with higher overall crime rates. These effects are small and driven by inc…
Unions as insurance
We investigate to what extent workplace unionization protects workers from external shocks by preventing involuntary job separations. Using the COVID‐19 pandemic as a plausibly exogenous shock hitting the whole economy, we compare workers who worked in unionized and non‐unionized workplaces directly before the pandemic in a difference‐in‐differences framework. We find that unionized workers were substantially more likely to remain working for the…
Austerity, welfare cuts and hate crime
From 2010 the UK entered an ‘age of austerity’, with major cuts to welfare payments. We study the link between these cuts and increases in hate crimes. Using a panel of 313 Community Safety Partnerships areas in England and Wales, we show that for each £100 loss per working age adult, racially or religiously motivated crimes rose by approximately 5-6% in 2013/14 and 2014/15. These effects are large given a mean loss of £450 per working age adult …
Spatial inequality in unsolved crimes
Using administrative data on the universe of police recorded crime linked to judicial outcomes for England and Wales from January 2013 to December 2018, we document—for the first time—large and persistent spatial inequalities in the proportion of solved and unsolved crimes across small neighborhoods covering a whole country. We find substantial differences across neighborhoods in the same municipality or police force. Fixed effects decompositions…
Energy price shocks and the demand for energy‐efficient housing
This paper examines how the energy price shock post Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 affected property transactions. Using administrative data on transaction price and energy efficiency in the UK, we explore if buyers adjust behaviour in response to greater energy costs. Using hedonic difference‐in‐differences models, we find that prices increase by £1000 for high‐rated energy efficiency properties and decrease by £2400 for low‐rated ones. Pr…
Racial Disparities in Civilian Response to Police Use of Force
This study explores the impact of police use of force on civilian interactions with the police, focussing on neighbourhoods with different ethnic compositions across London. Analysing the effects of three notable police-induced civilian fatalities as well as monthly fluctuations in the Metropolitan Police Service’s use of force, I find a decrease in reported crime and the proportion of crime without a suspect in Black neighbourhoods. These patter…
Crime Prevention Through Private Actors
This paper investigates the effectiveness of private actors in contributing to crime prevention. We leverage well‐publicised increases in security measures, including additional security guards and tagging of goods, by Tesco, a large UK supermarket chain. Utilising geocoded administrative crime data and address information of supermarkets in Greater London, we compare streets near a Tesco supermarket with two control areas in a differences‐in‐dif…
Football Matches and Policing
While the relationship between football matches and crime has been well documented, little is known about whether such events also escalate violent interactions between police officers and civilians. This study addresses that gap by analysing use of force data from the Metropolitan Police Service in London to assess the impact of football matches on police behaviour. We find that on match days, the number of use of force incidents increases by an…
The death of the “High Street”? Main street closures, social disorder and urban change
How do changing shopping habits shape cities? We investigate this question in the context of major shop closures. Leveraging geocoded crime and economic data at the level of small areas covering England and Wales, we examine the effects of these closures on criminal activity and urban dynamics. Our findings reveal that closures lead to significant increases in crime. These effects survive a battery of robustness checks and are highly localised. W…
Do Higher Education Strikes Affect University Outcomes? Evidence From Pension Disputes in UK Universities
The impact of strikes in higher education institutions remains understudied. This paper investigates the impact of education strikes in UK universities from 2018 to 2022, primarily due to pension disputes. Using data from the Guardian University Guide and the UK's Research Excellence Frameworks and leveraging a difference‐in‐differences approach, our findings suggest significant declines in several student‐related outcomes, such as student satisf…
Economics (14 works) · Demographic economics (10 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (8 works) · Political science (8 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (6 works) · Labour economics (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Criminology (5 works) · Housing Market and Economics (5 works) · Law (5 works)