Robert G Cromley
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1022189 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Robert G Cromley |
| PRENOMES | Robert G |
| SOBRENOME | Cromley |
| ASSINATURA | CROMLEY R G |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Connecticut |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 58 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Exploring Nonstationarity in Spatial Association
This article expands the application of geographical weighting schemes to include indicators of spatial association. Because global measures of spatial association are already spatial models incorporating weights based on the scale of spatial association, calculating distance-based weighting schemes for the spatial association pairs is challenging given that spatial association involves object pairs. It is proposed here that the distance between …
Mapping local regression for spatial object-pairs
Local regression methods such as geographically weighted regression (GWR) can provide specific information about individual locations (or places) in spatial analysis that is useful for mapping nonstationary covariate relationships. However, the distance-based weighting schemes used in GWR are only adaptable for spatial objects that are point or area features. In particular, spatial object-pairs pose a challenge for local analysis because they hav…
Race, class, unemployment, and housing vacancies in Detroit
This paper is an analysis of the spatial distribution of housing vacancies in Detroit in four census years: 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Our analysis is largely grounded in the contexts of race and class. We use both cartographic and statistical methods to illustrate the distribution of vacancies at the census tract level and to model the conditions that contribute to vacancy rates. A cartographic analysis of the spatial distribution of housing va…
Developing Choropleth Maps of Parameter Results for Quantile Regression
Local regression methods can provide specific information about individual observations (places) in spatial analysis that is often useful in understanding non-stationary covariate relationships. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is one widely used local regression model whose parameter estimates are mapped as continuous or discrete surfaces. A less frequently used local regression method used in spatial analysis is quantile regression (QR)…
Visualizing robust geographically weighted parameter estimates
This article extends earlier work on visualizing parameter estimates for spatial analysis. Robust parameters are those that are resistant to outliers, and so are order-based rather than moment-based in their derivation. The principles of geographical weighting of descriptive statistics are reviewed and applied to the development and computation of geographically weighted quantile graphs. The principles are also applied to the development and mapp…
A Quantile Regression Approach to Areal Interpolation
Areal interpolation has been developed to provide attribute estimates whenever data compilation or an analysis requires a change in the measurement support. Over time numerous approaches have been proposed to solve the problem of areal interpolation. Quantile regression is used in this study as the basis of the areal interpolator because it provides estimates conditioned on local parameters rather than global ones. An empirical case study is prov…
Estimating and Mapping the Intercensal Internal Net Migration of China, 1990-2000
Spatial shifts in the internal distribution of population are an important aspect of the dynamics of economic and demographic conditions in any country. Migration information is more complex than other place-specific population information, having both a temporal as well as a spatial component with respect to both origin and destination regions; and the collection of these data is less complete than the reporting of population by place in a natio…
Spatial Analysis of Selected Manufacturing and Service Sectors in China's Economy Using County Employment Data for 1990 and 2000
Hanink D. M., Ebenstein A. Y. and Cromley R. G. Spatial analysis of selected manufacturing and service sectors in China's economy using county employment data for 1990 and 2000, Regional Studies. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the spatial distribution of employment in forty-one economic sectors in China in 1990 and in 2000. Sectors are approximately split between manufacturing and services. Spatial distributions of employment by se…
A Neural Network-based Method for Solving “Nested Hierarchy” Areal Interpolation Problems
This study proposes a neural network approach to solving areal interpolation scenarios, specifically the "nested hierarchy" problem. The neural network method presented adopts the approach taken by intelligent interpolation methods where ancillary spatial information is presented to assist in achieving more accurate results. For this study, the data to be estimated are total populations for census tracts and block groups in Hartford County, Conne…
Ogive-based Legends for Choropleth Mapping
Exploratory data analysis and geovisualization have opened new paths for displaying and analyzing data. Alternate views of the same data set provide more insight into the nature of the data. The choropleth map has been the primary display device for portraying the spatial distribution of statistical data aggregated over areal units. However, the standard choropleth map is not as informative with respect to the statistical distribution of the data…
Interstate Migration Flows in Germany Since Unification
Two American geographers analyze German interstate migration patterns during the period following unification of former West and East Germany (1990-2003). A specific focus of the analysis is the extent to which migration patterns established immediately following unification have changed over the ensuing years. The paper presents a variety of complementary analyses to establish the temporal and geographic patterns of German domestic migration and…
Equalizing population denominators for australian metropolitan areas
Geographic Change with Trade Based on Comparative Advantage
This article describes a multimarket von Thünen model that concerns change in the internal economic geography of two countries once trade develops between them. Using the principle of comparative advantage, an initial allocation of four industries is established across each of the countries based on local variation in factor endowments, regional demand at several centers, and internal transport costs. Once trade begins, reallocation of production…
On-line Reporting and Mapping of Spatially Aggregated Individual Records Selected by User Queries
In this article, an on-line system allowing users to perform detailed queries of a database of individual records containing confidential information is described. The results of the query can be reported in table, comma-delimited file, or map format for spatial aggregates defined by the user. This system addresses some important social problems arising from the development of large digital databases of information on individuals that can be anal…
Scale-independent Land-use Allocation Modeling in Raster GIS
A common application of raster-based geographic information systems (GIS) is as an aid in multi-criteria, multi-objective land-use decision problems. However, as the cell resolution increases by reducing cell size, the number of rows and columns in the raster representation also increases. The size of raster representations of land-use problems is often a determining factor in the type of methodology used in solving such problems. Previous land-u…
Artificial Neural Networks as a Method of Spatial Interpolation for Digital Elevation Models
This paper examines the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a method of spatial interpolation, when presented with irregular and regular samples of elevation data. The results of the ANN interpolation are compared with results obtained by kriging. Tests of spatial bias in the systematic errors contained in each of the neural network-derived DEMs were conducted using four attributes: slope, aspect, average direction and average dis…
Classed versus Unclassed Choropleth Maps
The question of classed versus unclassed maps can be rephrased as a question of how many classes to use. An unclassed map has as many classes as there exist unique data values in the distribution. However, not all of these classes may be necessary if the map reader cannot discriminate among the graphic values representing unique numerical values. This paper presents an optimal classification scheme that minimizes the number of classes for a given…
Evaluating Alternative Line Simplification Strategies for Multiple Representations of Cartographic Lines
Two basic strategies have been identified for handling multiple representations of line features in digital databases. Either a finite number of scale-dependent representations of cartographic lines can be explicitly stored, or a scale-independent database is generated from which subsequent scale representations can be extracted as needed. These two strategies parallel differences in hierarchical and non-hierarchical line simplification operators…
Using a geographic information system to understand child pedestrian injury
Data from police accident reports involving pedestrians less than 20 years of age in Hartford, Conn, during 1988 through 1990 were abstracted and entered into a geographic information system. Two high-frequency collision areas were identified and compared. There were 374 child pedestrians involved in collisions (a rate of 28 per 10,000). Two high-occurrence areas accounted for 30% of collisions. Collisions in one of these areas were more likely t…
Univariate Classification of Differentiated International Markets
Hotelling initiated the use of spatial analogies in assessing market differentiation. In this paper, this line is followed to analyze differentiated international markets. Most of the economies in the world are arrayed as if they are a continuum of points of demand. In this paper, this continuum of demand points is partitioned into homogeneous segments by use of a classification algorithm that minimizes within-group variation. The criteria used f…
A Financial-Economic von Thünen Model
The von Thünen model of agricultural land use is reformulated in this paper as an investment decision in which the objectives of farmers range from total risk-aversion to profit-maximization. By means of a variant of the mean-variance model of contemporary portfolio theory, it is demonstrated that individual bid-rent functions depend on the nature of a farmer's utility function. Because farmers' objectives affect their bid-rent functions, the spa…
Goal Programming Heuristics in Decentralized Development Planning
A Risk-Return Model for Multiregion and Multiproduct Diversification of the Firm
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the integration of locational considerations into product-diversification planning has the potential of supplying gains to the firm by providing hedges against both product-portfolio and location-portfolio risk. An efficient diversification frontier for region - product strategic planning is generated from hypothetical data for purposes of illustration. Results of the analysis are in agreement with…
United States—foreign Joint Venture Patterns
Tobacco Men and Factory Hands
John van Willigen is Associate Professor of Anthropology and Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky. Thomas A. Arcury is Research Associate, Center for Developmental Change, and member of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Kentucky. Robert G. Cromley is Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Connecticut. The research upon which this paper is based was supported by grant no. 1 POlAG01358-2 from the National Inst…
Merger and acquisition fields for large United States cities 1955–1970
Green M. B. and Cromley R. G. (1984) Merger and acquisition fields for large United States cities, 1955–1970, Reg. Studies 18, 291–301. Theories of merger and acquisition activity implicitly assume a national scale of locations for acquisition candidates. In fact, however, acquisitions and mergers are made within a regional scale. The acquisition patterns of New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago demonstrate this. The extent of these acquisition…
Geographic Change with Trade Based on Comparative Advantage
This article describes a multimarket von Thünen model that concerns change in the internal economic geography of two countries once trade develops between them. Using the principle of comparative advantage, an initial allocation of four industries is established across each of the countries based on local variation in factor endowments, regional demand at several centers, and internal transport costs. Once trade begins, reallocation of production…
A Financial-Economic von Thünen Model
The von Thünen model of agricultural land use is reformulated in this paper as an investment decision in which the objectives of farmers range from total risk-aversion to profit-maximization. By means of a variant of the mean-variance model of contemporary portfolio theory, it is demonstrated that individual bid-rent functions depend on the nature of a farmer's utility function. Because farmers' objectives affect their bid-rent functions, the spa…
Tobacco Men and Factory Hands
John van Willigen is Associate Professor of Anthropology and Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky. Thomas A. Arcury is Research Associate, Center for Developmental Change, and member of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Kentucky. Robert G. Cromley is Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Connecticut. The research upon which this paper is based was supported by grant no. 1 POlAG01358-2 from the National Inst…
Race, class, unemployment, and housing vacancies in Detroit
This paper is an analysis of the spatial distribution of housing vacancies in Detroit in four census years: 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Our analysis is largely grounded in the contexts of race and class. We use both cartographic and statistical methods to illustrate the distribution of vacancies at the census tract level and to model the conditions that contribute to vacancy rates. A cartographic analysis of the spatial distribution of housing va…
Spatial Analysis of Selected Manufacturing and Service Sectors in China's Economy Using County Employment Data for 1990 and 2000
Hanink D. M., Ebenstein A. Y. and Cromley R. G. Spatial analysis of selected manufacturing and service sectors in China's economy using county employment data for 1990 and 2000, Regional Studies. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the spatial distribution of employment in forty-one economic sectors in China in 1990 and in 2000. Sectors are approximately split between manufacturing and services. Spatial distributions of employment by se…
The Horizontal Merger
This paper examines the importance of horizontal mergers as a form of investment activity that has spatial ramifications. The complexity and motivations of horizontal mergers and the following rationalization process are illustrated by a case study of a firm in the pulp and paper industry. In addition, pre-merger and post-merger employment levels of individual plants in a number of manufacturing sectors are compared for the period 1972–1978. Ever…
The Pattern and Impact of the Filter down Process in Nonmetropolitan Kentucky
An important facet of the changing pattern of economic activity in the United States has been the decentralization of branch plant operations to nonmetropolitan areas. Standardization of production processes in metropolitan areas permits the extension of operations into smaller communities to maintain continued cost savings for the parent firm. The research examines the role of transportation, industrial sites, labor supplies, and labor competiti…
Visualizing robust geographically weighted parameter estimates
This article extends earlier work on visualizing parameter estimates for spatial analysis. Robust parameters are those that are resistant to outliers, and so are order-based rather than moment-based in their derivation. The principles of geographical weighting of descriptive statistics are reviewed and applied to the development and computation of geographically weighted quantile graphs. The principles are also applied to the development and mapp…
A Neural Network-based Method for Solving “Nested Hierarchy” Areal Interpolation Problems
This study proposes a neural network approach to solving areal interpolation scenarios, specifically the "nested hierarchy" problem. The neural network method presented adopts the approach taken by intelligent interpolation methods where ancillary spatial information is presented to assist in achieving more accurate results. For this study, the data to be estimated are total populations for census tracts and block groups in Hartford County, Conne…
A Risk-Return Model for Multiregion and Multiproduct Diversification of the Firm
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the integration of locational considerations into product-diversification planning has the potential of supplying gains to the firm by providing hedges against both product-portfolio and location-portfolio risk. An efficient diversification frontier for region - product strategic planning is generated from hypothetical data for purposes of illustration. Results of the analysis are in agreement with…
Philadelphia and the Yellow Fever Epidemic
(1982). Philadelphia and the Yellow Fever Epidemic. Urban Geography: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 355-370
The Von Thünen Model and Environmental Uncertainty
In the Von Thünen model of agricultural location, land use is strictly determined by the set of initial conditions. However, under such conditions of environmental uncertainty, the pattern of land use is not predetermined, but varies according to the behavior mode of individual farmers. Elements of decision theory are used to show that a crop pattern that maximizes the long-run economic return frequently differs from the pattern that maximizes a …
A Quantile Regression Approach to Areal Interpolation
Areal interpolation has been developed to provide attribute estimates whenever data compilation or an analysis requires a change in the measurement support. Over time numerous approaches have been proposed to solve the problem of areal interpolation. Quantile regression is used in this study as the basis of the areal interpolator because it provides estimates conditioned on local parameters rather than global ones. An empirical case study is prov…
Estimating and Mapping the Intercensal Internal Net Migration of China, 1990-2000
Spatial shifts in the internal distribution of population are an important aspect of the dynamics of economic and demographic conditions in any country. Migration information is more complex than other place-specific population information, having both a temporal as well as a spatial component with respect to both origin and destination regions; and the collection of these data is less complete than the reporting of population by place in a natio…
Interstate Migration Flows in Germany Since Unification
Two American geographers analyze German interstate migration patterns during the period following unification of former West and East Germany (1990-2003). A specific focus of the analysis is the extent to which migration patterns established immediately following unification have changed over the ensuing years. The paper presents a variety of complementary analyses to establish the temporal and geographic patterns of German domestic migration and…
Using a geographic information system to understand child pedestrian injury
Data from police accident reports involving pedestrians less than 20 years of age in Hartford, Conn, during 1988 through 1990 were abstracted and entered into a geographic information system. Two high-frequency collision areas were identified and compared. There were 374 child pedestrians involved in collisions (a rate of 28 per 10,000). Two high-occurrence areas accounted for 30% of collisions. Collisions in one of these areas were more likely t…
The Great Plague of London, 1665
The Location of Plants of the Uniform Delivered Price Manufacturer
This paper discusses the locational patterns of plants for Coca-Cola Ltd., a multiplant, uniform delivered price manufacturer. The uniform delivered pricing strategy is rationalized. A nonlinear mathematical programming technique to determine optimal plant locations, sizes, and market areas through the trade-off of internal economies of scale with transportation costs incurred, due to spatial price equalization, is presented. The actual locations…
The Location of Plants of the Uniform Delivered Price Manufacturer
This paper discusses the locational patterns of plants for Coca-Cola Ltd., a multiplant, uniform delivered price manufacturer. The uniform delivered pricing strategy is rationalized. A nonlinear mathematical programming technique to determine optimal plant locations, sizes, and market areas through the trade-off of internal economies of scale with transportation costs incurred, due to spatial price equalization, is presented. The actual locations…
The Great Plague of London, 1665
The Bounded Transportation Problem
The bounded transportation problem is an extension and generalization of the classical transportation problem. The mathematics, primal solutional techniques, dual interpretation, the “more for less
Automated Cognitive Mapping
Completion test cognitive maps based on a standardized base map can yield valuable information for large population subgroups that can be objectively compared. By automating the tedious chore of manual measurement of the designative characteristics on this type of cognitive map, large samples can be manipulated. A computer program, COGMAP, was developed to use a scan line technique that allows coding of any enclosed mapped image. The program will…
The Pattern and Impact of the Filter down Process in Nonmetropolitan Kentucky
An important facet of the changing pattern of economic activity in the United States has been the decentralization of branch plant operations to nonmetropolitan areas. Standardization of production processes in metropolitan areas permits the extension of operations into smaller communities to maintain continued cost savings for the parent firm. The research examines the role of transportation, industrial sites, labor supplies, and labor competiti…
Philadelphia and the Yellow Fever Epidemic
(1982). Philadelphia and the Yellow Fever Epidemic. Urban Geography: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 355-370
The Von Thünen Model and Environmental Uncertainty
In the Von Thünen model of agricultural location, land use is strictly determined by the set of initial conditions. However, under such conditions of environmental uncertainty, the pattern of land use is not predetermined, but varies according to the behavior mode of individual farmers. Elements of decision theory are used to show that a crop pattern that maximizes the long-run economic return frequently differs from the pattern that maximizes a …
The Horizontal Merger
This paper examines the importance of horizontal mergers as a form of investment activity that has spatial ramifications. The complexity and motivations of horizontal mergers and the following rationalization process are illustrated by a case study of a firm in the pulp and paper industry. In addition, pre-merger and post-merger employment levels of individual plants in a number of manufacturing sectors are compared for the period 1972–1978. Ever…
Modern Industrial Cities . Bruce M. Stave, editor; Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . Alan G. Wilson, Jose D. Coelho, Sally M. Macgill, and Huw C. W. L. Williams; Land Use in America …
Merger and acquisition fields for large United States cities 1955–1970
Green M. B. and Cromley R. G. (1984) Merger and acquisition fields for large United States cities, 1955–1970, Reg. Studies 18, 291–301. Theories of merger and acquisition activity implicitly assume a national scale of locations for acquisition candidates. In fact, however, acquisitions and mergers are made within a regional scale. The acquisition patterns of New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago demonstrate this. The extent of these acquisition…
Tobacco Men and Factory Hands
John van Willigen is Associate Professor of Anthropology and Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky. Thomas A. Arcury is Research Associate, Center for Developmental Change, and member of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Kentucky. Robert G. Cromley is Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Connecticut. The research upon which this paper is based was supported by grant no. 1 POlAG01358-2 from the National Inst…
United States—foreign Joint Venture Patterns
A Risk-Return Model for Multiregion and Multiproduct Diversification of the Firm
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the integration of locational considerations into product-diversification planning has the potential of supplying gains to the firm by providing hedges against both product-portfolio and location-portfolio risk. An efficient diversification frontier for region - product strategic planning is generated from hypothetical data for purposes of illustration. Results of the analysis are in agreement with…
Goal Programming Heuristics in Decentralized Development Planning
A Financial-Economic von Thünen Model
The von Thünen model of agricultural land use is reformulated in this paper as an investment decision in which the objectives of farmers range from total risk-aversion to profit-maximization. By means of a variant of the mean-variance model of contemporary portfolio theory, it is demonstrated that individual bid-rent functions depend on the nature of a farmer's utility function. Because farmers' objectives affect their bid-rent functions, the spa…
Univariate Classification of Differentiated International Markets
Hotelling initiated the use of spatial analogies in assessing market differentiation. In this paper, this line is followed to analyze differentiated international markets. Most of the economies in the world are arrayed as if they are a continuum of points of demand. In this paper, this continuum of demand points is partitioned into homogeneous segments by use of a classification algorithm that minimizes within-group variation. The criteria used f…
Using a geographic information system to understand child pedestrian injury
Data from police accident reports involving pedestrians less than 20 years of age in Hartford, Conn, during 1988 through 1990 were abstracted and entered into a geographic information system. Two high-frequency collision areas were identified and compared. There were 374 child pedestrians involved in collisions (a rate of 28 per 10,000). Two high-occurrence areas accounted for 30% of collisions. Collisions in one of these areas were more likely t…
Classed versus Unclassed Choropleth Maps
The question of classed versus unclassed maps can be rephrased as a question of how many classes to use. An unclassed map has as many classes as there exist unique data values in the distribution. However, not all of these classes may be necessary if the map reader cannot discriminate among the graphic values representing unique numerical values. This paper presents an optimal classification scheme that minimizes the number of classes for a given…
Evaluating Alternative Line Simplification Strategies for Multiple Representations of Cartographic Lines
Two basic strategies have been identified for handling multiple representations of line features in digital databases. Either a finite number of scale-dependent representations of cartographic lines can be explicitly stored, or a scale-independent database is generated from which subsequent scale representations can be extracted as needed. These two strategies parallel differences in hierarchical and non-hierarchical line simplification operators…
Artificial Neural Networks as a Method of Spatial Interpolation for Digital Elevation Models
This paper examines the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a method of spatial interpolation, when presented with irregular and regular samples of elevation data. The results of the ANN interpolation are compared with results obtained by kriging. Tests of spatial bias in the systematic errors contained in each of the neural network-derived DEMs were conducted using four attributes: slope, aspect, average direction and average dis…
Scale-independent Land-use Allocation Modeling in Raster GIS
A common application of raster-based geographic information systems (GIS) is as an aid in multi-criteria, multi-objective land-use decision problems. However, as the cell resolution increases by reducing cell size, the number of rows and columns in the raster representation also increases. The size of raster representations of land-use problems is often a determining factor in the type of methodology used in solving such problems. Previous land-u…
On-line Reporting and Mapping of Spatially Aggregated Individual Records Selected by User Queries
In this article, an on-line system allowing users to perform detailed queries of a database of individual records containing confidential information is described. The results of the query can be reported in table, comma-delimited file, or map format for spatial aggregates defined by the user. This system addresses some important social problems arising from the development of large digital databases of information on individuals that can be anal…
Interstate Migration Flows in Germany Since Unification
Two American geographers analyze German interstate migration patterns during the period following unification of former West and East Germany (1990-2003). A specific focus of the analysis is the extent to which migration patterns established immediately following unification have changed over the ensuing years. The paper presents a variety of complementary analyses to establish the temporal and geographic patterns of German domestic migration and…
Equalizing population denominators for australian metropolitan areas
Geographic Change with Trade Based on Comparative Advantage
This article describes a multimarket von Thünen model that concerns change in the internal economic geography of two countries once trade develops between them. Using the principle of comparative advantage, an initial allocation of four industries is established across each of the countries based on local variation in factor endowments, regional demand at several centers, and internal transport costs. Once trade begins, reallocation of production…
Geography (23 obras) · Mathematics (19 obras) · Computer Science (18 obras) · Economics (13 obras) · Spatial and Panel Data Analysis (10 obras) · Statistics (10 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (9 obras) · Economic geography (9 obras) · Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis (9 obras) · Cartography (8 obras)