James S Bowman
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1022501 |
|---|---|
| NOME | James S Bowman |
| PRENOMES | James S |
| SOBRENOME | Bowman |
| ASSINATURA | BOWMAN J S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Florida State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8811-6280 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1946 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Overview of the MosaiC expedition
The international and interdisciplinary sea-ice drift expedition “The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate” (MOSAiC) was conducted from October 2019 to September 2020. The aim of MOSAiC was to study the interconnected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and processes from the atmosphere to the deep sea of the central Arctic system. The ecosystem team addressed current knowledge gaps and explored un…
Thin and transient meltwater layers and false bottoms in the Arctic sea ice pack—Recent insights on these historically overlooked features
The rapid melt of snow and sea ice during the Arctic summer provides a significant source of low-salinity meltwater to the surface ocean on the local scale. The accumulation of this meltwater on, under, and around sea ice floes can result in relatively thin meltwater layers in the upper ocean. Due to the small-scale nature of these upper-ocean features, typically on the order of 1 m thick or less, they are rarely detected by standard methods, but…
A Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (Cure) using Ocean Plastic Microbes as a Framework that Is Impactful for Both In-Person and Online Course Modalities
A course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) is described, both in its original, field-based and in-person design, as well as its adaptation to online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. The CURE experience was centered around the topic of microbes attaching to ocean plastic debris, and included connecting nontraditional undergraduate students attending a primarily teaching institution to personnel of a research-intensive institutio…
Substantial microbial community shifts in response to an exceptional harmful algal bloom in coastal Southern California
Phytoplankton blooms create organic matter that stimulates entire marine ecosystems, including other components of the microbial community. How the ecosystem responds varies depending on the intensity, duration, and composition of the bloom. When the bloom has a direct or indirect negative impact on the ecosystem, it is termed a harmful algal bloom (HAB). HAB frequency is expected to increase in response to changing oceanic conditions and coastal…
Impacts of sea ice melting procedures on measurements of microbial community structure
Microorganisms play critical roles in sea ice biogeochemical processes. However, microbes living within sea ice can be challenging to sample for scientific study. Because most techniques for microbial analysis are optimized for liquid samples, sea ice samples are typically melted first, often applying a buffering method to mitigate osmotic lysis. Here, we tested commonly used melting procedures on three different ice horizons of springtime, first…
Classical Rationalism and Contemporary Realism
The practice of making oaths comes from ancient times, a tradition common to nearly all peoples and cultures. Calls for ethics reform in recent years have included questions about how or whether oaths are honored. In the fraught politics of today’s secularized, pluralistic society, skepticism about oaths may be warranted, but it is insufficient as the topic deserves critical reflection. The purpose of this exploratory study is to assess the effic…
Oaths of Office in American States
Upon assuming office, executive, legislative, and judicial officials swear an oath as evidence of dedication, commitment, and duty to the Constitution. As such, they play a quintessential role in upholding democratic values. Yet contrasted to codes of ethics, oaths get little recognition in the study of public administration. What attention they do receive focuses primarily on the presidential oath of office. This article examines a little-resear…
Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services
A rigorous synthesis of the sea-ice ecosystem and linked ecosystem services highlights that the sea-ice ecosystem supports all 4 ecosystem service categories, that sea-ice ecosystems meet the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas, that global emissions driving climate change are directly linked to the demise of sea-ice ecosystems and its ecosystem services, and that the sea-ice ecosystem deserves specific attention in…
The future of Arctic sea-ice biogeochemistry and ice-associated ecosystems
Contrasting pelagic ecosystem functioning in eastern and western Baffin Bay revealed by trophic network modeling
Baffin Bay, located at the Arctic Ocean’s ‘doorstep’, is a heterogeneous environment where a warm and salty eastern current flows northwards in the opposite direction of a cold and relatively fresh Arctic current flowing along the west coast of the bay. This circulation affects the physical and biogeochemical environment on both sides of the bay. The phytoplanktonic species composition is driven by its environment and, in turn, shapes carbon tran…
Pointless or Powerful
The practice of making oaths comes from ancient times, a tradition common to virtually all peoples and cultures. Recent calls for ethics reform have included questions about how or whether these declarations are honored. In the fraught politics of today’s secularized, pluralistic society, skepticism about oaths may be tempting, but it is insufficient as the topic deserves critical reflection. This study assesses the efficacy of oaths of office by…
Impacts of Zostera eelgrasses on microbial community structure in San Diego coastal waters
Marine eelgrasses are influential to their surrounding environments through their many ecosystem services, ranging from the provisioning of food and shelter for marine life to serving as a natural defense against pollution and pathogenic bacteria. In the marine waters of San Diego, CA, USA, eelgrass beds comprised of Zostera spp. are an integral part of the coastal ecosystem. To evaluate the impact of eelgrass on bacterial and archaeal community …
Whistleblowing Policies in American States
American states have statutes with whistleblowing protection provisions for employees. These laws may focus on the duty to divulge misconduct, procedures for reporting disclosures, and protection from retaliation. The research question is, “What is the scope, content, and perceived effectiveness of these provisions?” The premise is that they have value, albeit uncertain, in the practice of public administration. To investigate this subject area, …
Thinking about Thinking
This article examines behavioral ethics propositions, cognitive distortions, and bias reduction techniques. This is followed by the practitioner and academician response of the public administration profession to this nascent, intriguing field. The purpose is to review critical components of behavioralism and to examine the present status of behavioral decision science in the practice and study of public service ethics. How people think about thi…
Electronic Surveillance at Work
This study examines electronic surveillance in the workplace, by asking, “Are such practices ethical?” To address this question, classical philosophical and modern psychological approaches to ethics are used. The inquiry begins with the importance of the problem, followed by its evolution and current status. After describing the method of analysis, the article analyzes arguments for and against surveillance. Although there are no easy answers, th…
The Domestic Use of Drones
Drone surveillance can be regarded either as a justifiable, impartial practice serving the interests of all or as an oppressive technique catering to the interests of some at the expense of others. This analysis is an effort to weigh the ethical prospects and problems in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles by asking whether surveillance of civilians is ethical. To address this question, classical philosophical and modern behavioral approaches to …
Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice
Over the past two decades, with recognition that the ocean’s sea-ice cover is neither insensitive to climate change nor a barrier to light and matter, research in sea-ice biogeochemistry has accelerated significantly, bringing together a multi-disciplinary community from a variety of fields. This disciplinary diversity has contributed a wide range of methodological techniques and approaches to sea-ice studies, complicating comparisons of the resu…
The relationship between sea ice bacterial community structure and biogeochemistry
Sea ice plays an important role in high latitude biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems, and climate. A complete understanding of how sea ice biogeochemistry contributes to these processes must take into account the metabolic functions of the sea ice bacterial community. While the roles of sea ice bacteria in the carbon cycle and sea ice microbial loop are evidenced by high rates of bacterial production (BP), their metabolic diversity extends far beyo…
Public Pay Disclosure in State Government
This qualitative analysis examines state legislation that discloses public employee salary information. It asks, “Is such legislation ethical?” To address this question, an approach—the “ethics triangle”—is used that encompasses results-based utilitarian ethics, rule-based duty ethics, and virtue-based character ethics. The study begins with the importance of the problem, followed by its evolution and current status. After describing the method o…
State Government Human Resource Professionals’ Commitment to Employment at Will
This article examines the attitudes of a key set of state government officials—state human resource (HR) professionals—toward employment at will (EAW) in state government. It presents original survey data obtained from HR professionals in four southern states: Georgia, Florida, Texas, and Mississippi. Drawing on these data, the article creates an index measuring respondents’ commitment to EAW, as measured by their attitudes toward arguments used …
Ethics in Government
This work examines attitudes about ethics in American government during the turbulent time from the end of the past century to the beginning of the new. Using data from a national survey, the authors explore views toward ethics in society and integrity in public agencies, with an emphasis on the code of ethics of the American Society for Public Administration. The results not only reveal considerable continuity over the years but also suggest tha…
To “Re‐Hatch” Public Employees or Not? An Ethical Analysis of the Relaxation of Restrictions on Political Activities in Civil Service
This study examines the ethical content of legislation regulating the political activities of civil servants. The analysis is done using the “ethics triangle,” a tool that encompasses the interdependence of results‐based utilitarian ethics, rule‐based duty ethics, and virtue‐based character ethics. The discussion begins with the importance of the problem, followed by its evolution and current status. After describing the methodology, the central …
Public Integrity at Ten
American Public Service
American Public Service
Towards a Professional Ethos
English‐language Journals in Public Administration
Whistleblowing Policies in American States
American states have statutes with whistleblowing protection provisions for employees. These laws may focus on the duty to divulge misconduct, procedures for reporting disclosures, and protection from retaliation. The research question is, “What is the scope, content, and perceived effectiveness of these provisions?” The premise is that they have value, albeit uncertain, in the practice of public administration. To investigate this subject area, …
State Government Human Resource Professionals’ Commitment to Employment at Will
This article examines the attitudes of a key set of state government officials—state human resource (HR) professionals—toward employment at will (EAW) in state government. It presents original survey data obtained from HR professionals in four southern states: Georgia, Florida, Texas, and Mississippi. Drawing on these data, the article creates an index measuring respondents’ commitment to EAW, as measured by their attitudes toward arguments used …
Politics and Administration
Whistle Blowing
Thinking about Thinking
This article examines behavioral ethics propositions, cognitive distortions, and bias reduction techniques. This is followed by the practitioner and academician response of the public administration profession to this nascent, intriguing field. The purpose is to review critical components of behavioralism and to examine the present status of behavioral decision science in the practice and study of public service ethics. How people think about thi…
Electronic Surveillance at Work
This study examines electronic surveillance in the workplace, by asking, “Are such practices ethical?” To address this question, classical philosophical and modern psychological approaches to ethics are used. The inquiry begins with the importance of the problem, followed by its evolution and current status. After describing the method of analysis, the article analyzes arguments for and against surveillance. Although there are no easy answers, th…
Classical Rationalism and Contemporary Realism
The practice of making oaths comes from ancient times, a tradition common to nearly all peoples and cultures. Calls for ethics reform in recent years have included questions about how or whether oaths are honored. In the fraught politics of today’s secularized, pluralistic society, skepticism about oaths may be warranted, but it is insufficient as the topic deserves critical reflection. The purpose of this exploratory study is to assess the effic…
Pointless or Powerful
The practice of making oaths comes from ancient times, a tradition common to virtually all peoples and cultures. Recent calls for ethics reform have included questions about how or whether these declarations are honored. In the fraught politics of today’s secularized, pluralistic society, skepticism about oaths may be tempting, but it is insufficient as the topic deserves critical reflection. This study assesses the efficacy of oaths of office by…
Koop as an Exemplar of Moral and Democratic Decision Making
This study-examines the problems addressed by Surgeon General C. Everett Koop in order to extract the virtues or values-the moral point of view-embedded in his actions. These are then compared to competing theoretical approaches in public administration ethics to determine the ethicalframe of reference of Koop 's decisions. The analysis reveals that Koop followed a personal ethic as well as a public service ethic. The authors argue that his appro…
Admissions Decision Making in Master of Public Administration Programs
Published admissions standards typically include factors such as test scores, grades, and letters of recommendation. Yet there is little direct evidence in the literature on how these criteria as well as race and sex are actually utilized in student selection. That is, what are the operative rules in admissions decisions? This study reports the results of a survey of the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration princip…
Psychogenic Peripheral Vasospasm
As saline water freezes, the liquid fraction undergoes substantial changes to both ionic composition and water activity (Fig. 2). Sea ice retains a liquid fraction down to the eutectic point for a CaCl2/H2O brine at −54 C. Although the brine chemistry of frost flowers is less well known, field analyses indicate higher bulk salinities than the underlying sea ice (Perovich and Richter-Menge, 1994). This raises the question of whether biological mat…
Participation in the Expanding United Nations
The ecology movement
In the wake of a nation‐wide movement to save the environment in 1969, the President of the United States declared that “the 1970's must be the years when America pays its debt to our living environment. It is literally now or never.” This paper is an analysis of environmental politics as a political force today. The discussion traces the emergence of the environmental issue, examines trends in American politics, and concludes that a reassessment…
The Environmental Message of Audubon and the Sierra Club Bulletin
Tackling the Ecological Elephant
Additional informationNotes on contributorsJames S. BowmanJame S. Bowman teaches at the University of Wyoming and is the author of a number of articles in the area of environmental politics
Ethics in the Federal Service
Social Responsibility and the Business Predicament
English‐language Journals in Public Administration
Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity
Managerial Theory and Practice
T he lack of effective communication and understanding between scholars and practitioners is a well-known problem in the study and practice of administration. Unlike similar conflicts in more established fields such as medicine, law, or engineering, the resulting discord has retarded the development of professionalism in public and business management.' If the stresses and strains between academicians and managers are not dealt with constructivel…
Environmental coverage in the mass media
The purpose of this study is to trace the evolution of environmental coverage during the 1960s and 1970s, a period that witnessed the passing of the age of abundance and the coming of the age of scarcity. This is done by analyzing the contents of an important and massive segment of the communications system in American society: mass circulation magazines. Each type of magazine and form of reported environmental degradation is discussed and compar…
Whistle‐blowing in Business and Government
Whistle Blowing
Politics and Administration
Admission Practices in Master of Public Administration Programs
Faculty members charged with making admissions decisions are faced with an ongoing problem: the evaluation of student promise based on limited data. Yet, little is known about admission procedures. Since the selection of candidates for graduate study is a significant concern in the profession, an examination of these practices-the purpose of this exploratory studymay facilitate discussion of entrance standards for Master of Public Administration …
The Mpa Capstone Experience
A final course, or project is a standard requirement in Master of Public Administration (MPA) programs. This requirement is intended to permit the student to demonstrate advanced ability in the discipline. This article examines one such course at Florida State University. The course included readings, exercises, oral presentations, and a written report. This author assesses the merits and drawbacks of the course as well as notes the unintended co…
Admissions Decision Making in Master of Public Administration Programs
Published admissions standards typically include factors such as test scores, grades, and letters of recommendation. Yet there is little direct evidence in the literature on how these criteria as well as race and sex are actually utilized in student selection. That is, what are the operative rules in admissions decisions? This study reports the results of a survey of the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration princip…
White House Ethics
Ethics in Government
Developing Top Managers
At Last, an Alternative to Performance Appraisal
During the past decade, public agencies and business firms experimented with various forms of employee involvement and participative management (Ledford et al., 1989). Many of these initiatives could not be sustained because they often were stand-alone programs that focused on immediate questions and short-term results rather than long-range, strategic issues confronting the organization. Crisis management of this character actually seems to exac…
American daily newspapers and the environment
This study examines changing environmental values in the nation's press. It compares the attitudes of newspaper editors circa 1977 with those in 1992, a time span that saw the passing of the Age of Abundance and the coming of the Age of Scarcity. Attitudinal change over time, the role of the media, the nature of its coverage, and perceived causes of and solutions to the environmental predicament are explored. While a number of interesting compari…
Ideals and Conventions
Koop as an Exemplar of Moral and Democratic Decision Making
This study-examines the problems addressed by Surgeon General C. Everett Koop in order to extract the virtues or values-the moral point of view-embedded in his actions. These are then compared to competing theoretical approaches in public administration ethics to determine the ethicalframe of reference of Koop 's decisions. The analysis reveals that Koop followed a personal ethic as well as a public service ethic. The authors argue that his appro…
New Ethics Journal Makes Splashy Debut
The measure of a state's public integrity laws -- campaign finance, lobbying, and codes -- is not whether they restrict a cup of coffee, but how clearly and comprehensively they cover the variety of decisions facing state officials and private interests in the course of daily life in state government. The inaugural edition of Public Integrity Annual (PIA), published in April by the Council of State Governments and the American Society of Public A…
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