Stephen L Zegura
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 104079 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Stephen L Zegura |
| PRENOMES | Stephen L |
| SOBRENOME | Zegura |
| ASSINATURA | ZEGURA S L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Arizona |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 26 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 279 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 26 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1974 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2008 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree
Markers on the non-recombining portion of the human Y chromosome continue to have applications in many fields including evolutionary biology, forensics, medical genetics, and genealogical reconstruction. In 2002, the Y Chromosome Consortium published a single parsimony tree showing the relationships among 153 haplogroups based on 243 binary markers and devised a standardized nomenclature system to name lineages nested within this tree. Here we pr…
Distribution of Y chromosomes among native North Americans
In this study, 231 Y chromosomes from 12 populations were typed for four diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine haplogroup membership and 43 Y chromosomes from three of these populations were typed for eight short tandem repeats (STRs) to determine haplotypes. These data were combined with previously published data, amounting to 724 Y chromosomes from 26 populations in North America, and analyzed to investigate the geograp…
High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas
A total of 63 binary polymorphisms and 10 short tandem repeats (STRs) were genotyped on a sample of 2,344 Y chromosomes from 18 Native American, 28 Asian, and 5 European populations to investigate the origin(s) of Native American paternal lineages. All three of Greenberg's major linguistic divisions (including 342 Amerind speakers, 186 Na-Dene speakers, and 60 Aleut-Eskimo speakers) were represented in our sample of 588 Native Americans. Single-n…
High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life
We examined genetic variation on the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) to investigate the paternal population structure of indigenous Siberian groups and to reconstruct the historical events leading to the peopling of Siberia. A set of 62 biallelic markers on the NRY were genotyped in 1432 males representing 18 Siberian populations, as well as nine populations from Central and East Asia and one from European Russia. A subset of the…
The Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup Tree
In this review we discuss the recent construction of a highly resolved tree of the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY), and the development of a cladistic nomenclatural system to name the resulting haplogroups. This phylogenetic gene tree comprises 18 major haplogroups that are defined by 48 binary polymorphisms. We also present results from a phylogeographic analysis of NRY haplogroups in a global sample of 2007 males, as well as fr…
Evolutionary genetics
Genomic Diversity
The Origins of Native Americans
The Origins of Native Americans: Evidence from Anthropological Genetics. Michael H. Crawford. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.308pp
Y chromosome markers and trans-Bering Strait dispersals
Five polymorphisms involving two paternally inherited loci were surveyed in 38 world populations (n = 1,631) to investigate the origins of Native Americans. One of the six Y chromosome combination haplotypes (1T) was found at relatively high frequencies (17.8-75.0%) in nine Native American populations (n = 206) representing the three major linguistic divisions in the New World. Overall, these data do not support the Greenberg et al. (1986) tripar…
The role of the Y chromosome in human evolutionary studies
Genetics, ethnohistory, and linguistics of Brač, Yugoslavia
Serogenetic data involving 21 genetic systems were collected from 12 villages on the island of Brač (Yugoslavia) in 1987. Maximum sample size was 709 individuals. The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distances was readily interpretable within the contexts of village settlement history, social relationships, and sample size considerations. The gene diversity value (H = 0.3029 ± 0.0119) was both quite high and extremely similar to the average hete…
Anthropology and health in the arctic and subarctic
More on Genes, Language, and Human Phylogeny
The Settlement of the Americas
The classification of the indigenous languages of the Americas by Greenberg distinguishes three stocks, Amerind, Na-Dene, and Aleut-Eskimo. The first of these covers almost all of the New World. The second consists of Na-Dene as defined by Sapir and, outside of recent. Athapaskan extensions in California and the American Southwest, is found in southern Alaska and northwestern Canada. The third, Aleut-Eskimo, is the easternmost branch of the Euras…
Numerical Taxonomy
Numerical taxonomists in biology and scholars in other fields interested in similar classification tasks have used varieties of two techniques: hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling. They have tended to treat both kinds of techniques as all-purpose tools suited to all kinds of classification problems. Choices among techniques have been made in terms of which best accounted for inputted data matrices rather than with any attention t…
Anthropology in the Arctic
The study of prehistory in the North American Arctic suffers from epistemological problems that have been resolved by scholars in other areas. The predominance of normative theory and racial typology as the foundations of Arctic anthropology has confined research in large part to the pursuit of racial and cultural histories and seriously inhibited the generation of hypotheses that address questions of process in either cultural or biological adap…
Multiple observers, humidity, and choice of precision statistics
This study investigates three topics: (1) interobserver measurement error in craniometry, (2) the effects of humidity on craniometric measurements, and (3) the current status of estimators of measurement precision in craniometry and anthropometry. The results of the three‐observer error analysis based on 24 linear measurements taken on 47 crania indicate that minor idiosyncratic variations in measurement technique can lead to high levels of stati…
Intra‐ and interobserver error in craniometry
This study investigates intra‐ and interobserver measurement error in craniometry. Data consists of 72 craniometric measurements taken on a series of 28 Sadlermuit Eskimo crania. Utermohle measured the series twice; Zegura measured it once. Statistical procedures used to demonstrate measurement imprecision include the mean difference, the method error statistic, two‐way anova without replication, the t‐test for paired comparisons, Fisher's distri…
Physical Anthropology
Fundamentals of Biological Anthropology . Kenneth A. Bennett
Eskimos of Northwestern Alaska. A Biological Perspective
Eskimos of Northwestern Alaska
Are the Biological Differences Between North American Indians and Eskimos Truly Profound? [and Comments and Reply]
A prevailing view in North American anthropology is that Eskimos are descendants of the most recent migrants from Siberia and are more closely related to Asiatic Mongoloids than to Indians. The assumption of Eskimo-Indian biological distinctiveness is challenged by genetic-marker and cranial data, analyzed separately and then compared, for populations from the Arctic, Subarctic, Northwest Coast, and Great Plains. Genetic distances and cluster ana…
Taxonomic congruence in Eskimoid populations
The study compares distance relationships in Eskimoid populations based on metric and attribute data with linguistic relationships based on structural and lexicostatistical data. Taxonomic congruence and the non‐specificity hypothesis are investigated by matrix correlations and by a clustering procedure. The matrix correlation approaches employed are the Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient and the Spearman rank‐order correlation coeffi…
A univariate and multivariate examination of measurement error in anthropometry
Replicate anthropometric measurements on 20 male and 22 female Eskimos were examined using analysis of variance, product‐moment correlation coefficients, and canonical variates with Mahalanobis' D 2 distances. Analysis of variance indicated that 12 of the 16 variables could be measured comparably by two investigators. Those variables with readily defined endpoints yielded the highest correlations between the results of two anthropometrists. The m…
The Settlement of the Americas
The classification of the indigenous languages of the Americas by Greenberg distinguishes three stocks, Amerind, Na-Dene, and Aleut-Eskimo. The first of these covers almost all of the New World. The second consists of Na-Dene as defined by Sapir and, outside of recent. Athapaskan extensions in California and the American Southwest, is found in southern Alaska and northwestern Canada. The third, Aleut-Eskimo, is the easternmost branch of the Euras…
Are the Biological Differences Between North American Indians and Eskimos Truly Profound? [and Comments and Reply]
A prevailing view in North American anthropology is that Eskimos are descendants of the most recent migrants from Siberia and are more closely related to Asiatic Mongoloids than to Indians. The assumption of Eskimo-Indian biological distinctiveness is challenged by genetic-marker and cranial data, analyzed separately and then compared, for populations from the Arctic, Subarctic, Northwest Coast, and Great Plains. Genetic distances and cluster ana…
A univariate and multivariate examination of measurement error in anthropometry
Replicate anthropometric measurements on 20 male and 22 female Eskimos were examined using analysis of variance, product‐moment correlation coefficients, and canonical variates with Mahalanobis' D 2 distances. Analysis of variance indicated that 12 of the 16 variables could be measured comparably by two investigators. Those variables with readily defined endpoints yielded the highest correlations between the results of two anthropometrists. The m…
Distribution of Y chromosomes among native North Americans
In this study, 231 Y chromosomes from 12 populations were typed for four diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine haplogroup membership and 43 Y chromosomes from three of these populations were typed for eight short tandem repeats (STRs) to determine haplotypes. These data were combined with previously published data, amounting to 724 Y chromosomes from 26 populations in North America, and analyzed to investigate the geograp…
Multiple observers, humidity, and choice of precision statistics
This study investigates three topics: (1) interobserver measurement error in craniometry, (2) the effects of humidity on craniometric measurements, and (3) the current status of estimators of measurement precision in craniometry and anthropometry. The results of the three‐observer error analysis based on 24 linear measurements taken on 47 crania indicate that minor idiosyncratic variations in measurement technique can lead to high levels of stati…
The Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup Tree
In this review we discuss the recent construction of a highly resolved tree of the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY), and the development of a cladistic nomenclatural system to name the resulting haplogroups. This phylogenetic gene tree comprises 18 major haplogroups that are defined by 48 binary polymorphisms. We also present results from a phylogeographic analysis of NRY haplogroups in a global sample of 2007 males, as well as fr…
Intra‐ and interobserver error in craniometry
This study investigates intra‐ and interobserver measurement error in craniometry. Data consists of 72 craniometric measurements taken on a series of 28 Sadlermuit Eskimo crania. Utermohle measured the series twice; Zegura measured it once. Statistical procedures used to demonstrate measurement imprecision include the mean difference, the method error statistic, two‐way anova without replication, the t‐test for paired comparisons, Fisher's distri…
Taxonomic congruence in Eskimoid populations
The study compares distance relationships in Eskimoid populations based on metric and attribute data with linguistic relationships based on structural and lexicostatistical data. Taxonomic congruence and the non‐specificity hypothesis are investigated by matrix correlations and by a clustering procedure. The matrix correlation approaches employed are the Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient and the Spearman rank‐order correlation coeffi…
High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life
We examined genetic variation on the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) to investigate the paternal population structure of indigenous Siberian groups and to reconstruct the historical events leading to the peopling of Siberia. A set of 62 biallelic markers on the NRY were genotyped in 1432 males representing 18 Siberian populations, as well as nine populations from Central and East Asia and one from European Russia. A subset of the…
Eskimos of Northwestern Alaska
More on Genes, Language, and Human Phylogeny
Anthropology in the Arctic
The study of prehistory in the North American Arctic suffers from epistemological problems that have been resolved by scholars in other areas. The predominance of normative theory and racial typology as the foundations of Arctic anthropology has confined research in large part to the pursuit of racial and cultural histories and seriously inhibited the generation of hypotheses that address questions of process in either cultural or biological adap…
A univariate and multivariate examination of measurement error in anthropometry
Replicate anthropometric measurements on 20 male and 22 female Eskimos were examined using analysis of variance, product‐moment correlation coefficients, and canonical variates with Mahalanobis' D 2 distances. Analysis of variance indicated that 12 of the 16 variables could be measured comparably by two investigators. Those variables with readily defined endpoints yielded the highest correlations between the results of two anthropometrists. The m…
Physical Anthropology
Taxonomic congruence in Eskimoid populations
The study compares distance relationships in Eskimoid populations based on metric and attribute data with linguistic relationships based on structural and lexicostatistical data. Taxonomic congruence and the non‐specificity hypothesis are investigated by matrix correlations and by a clustering procedure. The matrix correlation approaches employed are the Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient and the Spearman rank‐order correlation coeffi…
Are the Biological Differences Between North American Indians and Eskimos Truly Profound? [and Comments and Reply]
A prevailing view in North American anthropology is that Eskimos are descendants of the most recent migrants from Siberia and are more closely related to Asiatic Mongoloids than to Indians. The assumption of Eskimo-Indian biological distinctiveness is challenged by genetic-marker and cranial data, analyzed separately and then compared, for populations from the Arctic, Subarctic, Northwest Coast, and Great Plains. Genetic distances and cluster ana…
Eskimos of Northwestern Alaska. A Biological Perspective
Eskimos of Northwestern Alaska
Fundamentals of Biological Anthropology . Kenneth A. Bennett
Intra‐ and interobserver error in craniometry
This study investigates intra‐ and interobserver measurement error in craniometry. Data consists of 72 craniometric measurements taken on a series of 28 Sadlermuit Eskimo crania. Utermohle measured the series twice; Zegura measured it once. Statistical procedures used to demonstrate measurement imprecision include the mean difference, the method error statistic, two‐way anova without replication, the t‐test for paired comparisons, Fisher's distri…
Physical Anthropology
Multiple observers, humidity, and choice of precision statistics
This study investigates three topics: (1) interobserver measurement error in craniometry, (2) the effects of humidity on craniometric measurements, and (3) the current status of estimators of measurement precision in craniometry and anthropometry. The results of the three‐observer error analysis based on 24 linear measurements taken on 47 crania indicate that minor idiosyncratic variations in measurement technique can lead to high levels of stati…
Numerical Taxonomy
Numerical taxonomists in biology and scholars in other fields interested in similar classification tasks have used varieties of two techniques: hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling. They have tended to treat both kinds of techniques as all-purpose tools suited to all kinds of classification problems. Choices among techniques have been made in terms of which best accounted for inputted data matrices rather than with any attention t…
Anthropology in the Arctic
The study of prehistory in the North American Arctic suffers from epistemological problems that have been resolved by scholars in other areas. The predominance of normative theory and racial typology as the foundations of Arctic anthropology has confined research in large part to the pursuit of racial and cultural histories and seriously inhibited the generation of hypotheses that address questions of process in either cultural or biological adap…
The Settlement of the Americas
The classification of the indigenous languages of the Americas by Greenberg distinguishes three stocks, Amerind, Na-Dene, and Aleut-Eskimo. The first of these covers almost all of the New World. The second consists of Na-Dene as defined by Sapir and, outside of recent. Athapaskan extensions in California and the American Southwest, is found in southern Alaska and northwestern Canada. The third, Aleut-Eskimo, is the easternmost branch of the Euras…
Anthropology and health in the arctic and subarctic
More on Genes, Language, and Human Phylogeny
Genetics, ethnohistory, and linguistics of Brač, Yugoslavia
Serogenetic data involving 21 genetic systems were collected from 12 villages on the island of Brač (Yugoslavia) in 1987. Maximum sample size was 709 individuals. The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distances was readily interpretable within the contexts of village settlement history, social relationships, and sample size considerations. The gene diversity value (H = 0.3029 ± 0.0119) was both quite high and extremely similar to the average hete…
The role of the Y chromosome in human evolutionary studies
Y chromosome markers and trans-Bering Strait dispersals
Five polymorphisms involving two paternally inherited loci were surveyed in 38 world populations (n = 1,631) to investigate the origins of Native Americans. One of the six Y chromosome combination haplotypes (1T) was found at relatively high frequencies (17.8-75.0%) in nine Native American populations (n = 206) representing the three major linguistic divisions in the New World. Overall, these data do not support the Greenberg et al. (1986) tripar…
The Origins of Native Americans
The Origins of Native Americans: Evidence from Anthropological Genetics. Michael H. Crawford. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.308pp
Genomic Diversity
Evolutionary genetics
High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life
We examined genetic variation on the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) to investigate the paternal population structure of indigenous Siberian groups and to reconstruct the historical events leading to the peopling of Siberia. A set of 62 biallelic markers on the NRY were genotyped in 1432 males representing 18 Siberian populations, as well as nine populations from Central and East Asia and one from European Russia. A subset of the…
The Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup Tree
In this review we discuss the recent construction of a highly resolved tree of the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY), and the development of a cladistic nomenclatural system to name the resulting haplogroups. This phylogenetic gene tree comprises 18 major haplogroups that are defined by 48 binary polymorphisms. We also present results from a phylogeographic analysis of NRY haplogroups in a global sample of 2007 males, as well as fr…
High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas
A total of 63 binary polymorphisms and 10 short tandem repeats (STRs) were genotyped on a sample of 2,344 Y chromosomes from 18 Native American, 28 Asian, and 5 European populations to investigate the origin(s) of Native American paternal lineages. All three of Greenberg's major linguistic divisions (including 342 Amerind speakers, 186 Na-Dene speakers, and 60 Aleut-Eskimo speakers) were represented in our sample of 588 Native Americans. Single-n…
New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree
Markers on the non-recombining portion of the human Y chromosome continue to have applications in many fields including evolutionary biology, forensics, medical genetics, and genealogical reconstruction. In 2002, the Y Chromosome Consortium published a single parsimony tree showing the relationships among 153 haplogroups based on 243 binary markers and devised a standardized nomenclature system to name lineages nested within this tree. Here we pr…
Biology (18 obras) · Geography (14 obras) · Sociology (13 obras) · Anthropology (12 obras) · Computer Science (10 obras) · History (10 obras) · Evolutionary biology (9 obras) · Forensic and Genetic Research (9 obras) · Genetic diversity and population structure (9 obras) · Demography (8 obras)