Paul M Ong
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 104680 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Paul M Ong |
| PRENOMES | Paul M |
| SOBRENOME | Ong |
| ASSINATURA | ONG P M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Los Angeles |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4953-9109 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 32 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 278 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
The Network Spillover Effects of Metro Expansion on Metro Usage
Using Shenzhen, China as a case study, we observed that metro (i.e., subway) expansion can generate network spillover effects on metro usage along the existing metro lines. We also found that metro-induced network spillover effect follows a distance decay pattern both along the metro line and areas adjacent to stations. Analyzing time-varying network spillover effect can produce more accurate assessments of the travel behavior implications stemmi…
Association of neighborhood gentrification and residential moves with hypertension and diabetes control in Los Angeles County, 2014–2019
Gentrification may support-or at least not harm-cardiometabolic health for some residents. City leaders and health systems could partner with impacted communities to ensure that neighborhood development meets the goals and health needs of all residents and does not exacerbate health disparities
Early adopters, firm survival, and environmental policy
This paper examines the relationship between the early adoption of new technologies, the probability of firm survival, and environmental regulations through a case study of dry cleaners in the South Coast Basin of California (SC Basin). Most dry cleaners use machines that use the toxic chemical perchloroethylene (PERC) to clean garments. PERC vapors are emitted into the ambient air during the dry cleaning process and can cause cancer in people wh…
Uneven Urbanscape
Uneven Urbanscape takes a new theoretically grounded view of how society produces and reproduces ethnoracial economic inequality. Drawing on empirically rich documentation and quantitative analysis utilizing multiple data sources, including the US Bureau of the Census, Ong and Gonzalez assess the patterns, causes, and consequences of urban spatial disparities, specifically in home ownership, employment, and education. They focus on the global cit…
South Los Angeles Since the 1960s
South Los Angeles embodies a complex history that captures the dynamics of spatial inequality. It is an area where some of the largest protests reacting to a system of racial oppression have imprinted a persistent image on the names South Central and Watts. This article analyzes how the stigma attached to the South Los Angeles area has translated to place specific forms of inequality. We take advantage of the consistency in the boundaries the Cen…
Triangulating Neighborhood Knowledge to Understand Neighborhood Change
Neighborhood change is a complex phenomenon that may result in a range of physical, demographic, and economic changes in a locality. Using four case studies of transit neighborhoods in Los Angeles, this study utilizes a mixed-methods approach to examine a particular aspect of neighborhood change—gentrification. The article also compares and contrasts the type of data gathered by different methods to help us understand each method’s potential and …
Ethnic mobilization among Korean dry-cleaners
Korean immigrants in the USA rely heavily on ethnic resources to start up small businesses. Ethnic resources include business networks and knowledge, start-up capital and access to labour power, which are embedded in networks of family, friends and co-ethnics. This paper shows how Korean dry-cleaners in Southern California used ethnic resources to mobilize in response to an environmental policy initiated by the South Coast Air Quality Management …
Dating preferences among self-identified gay men of Asian descent in the United States
Little is known about the dating preferences of Asian American gay men. To conceptualize the dating preferences among these men, the impact domains model (IDM) was used to investigate if nativity and/or acculturation might explain dating preferences. Previous studies have pointed out the problematic nature of a racist cultural stereotype that Asian American gay men prefer white partners (Choi, Yep, & Kumekawa, 1998; Han, 2008). The current findin…
Arts Accessibility to Major Museums and Cultural/Ethnic Institutions in Los Angeles
Major arts and cultural institutions have expanded their exhibits and programs to reflect society's growing diversity, but we know little about potential neighborhood disparities in arts participation within metropolitan areas and how it varies across institutions and different forms of engagement. Unlike membership, which tends to be 'market' driven, museum school tour programs often target underserved schools to engage diverse communities. We p…
Environmental Justice and Green‐Technology Adoption
This paper presents an analysis of an environmental justice ( EJ ) program adopted by the S outh C oast A ir Q uality M anagement District ( SCAQMD ) as a part of its regulation to phase out a toxic chemical used by dry cleaners. SCAQMD provided financial incentives to switch early and gave establishments in EJ neighborhoods priority in applying for grants. Despite this pro‐ EJ policy, available data show that dry cleaners in low‐income, predomin…
Awakening the New “Sleeping Giant”?
The 2008 election was a milestone in the emergence of Asian Americans as a factor in American politics, with national television news networks openly discussing and analyzing California’s Asian American voters. Most mainstream analysis, however, had very little in-depth understanding of the population. This essay provides some insights into the absolute and relative size of the Asian American population, along with key demographic characteristics…
Redlining or risk? A spatial analysis of auto insurance rates in Los Angeles
Auto insurance rates can vary dramatically, with much higher premiums in poor and minority areas than elsewhere, even after accounting for individual characteristics, driving history, and coverage. This paper uses a unique data set to examine the relative influence of place‐based socioeconomic characteristics (or redlining) and place‐based risk factors on the place‐based component of automobile insurance premiums. We use a novel approach of combi…
Race and Space
Some spatial mismatch theorists have incorporated racial discrimination in employment into their quantitative models as a causal factor, in addition to spatial barriers, in explaining the unemployment problems of Blacks. They generally argue that racist employers are more likely to locate in the suburbs, rather than the inner city, which helps to explain why Blacks are less likely to be employed there. We take a qualitative approach to the spatia…
Spatial and Transportation Mismatch in Los Angeles
This article compares the impacts of spatial mismatch (the geographic separation of workers and jobs) and transportation mismatch (the lack of access to a private automobile) on neighborhood employment-to-population ratios and unemployment rates. The study uses tract-level data for the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The analysis uses an instrumental-variable approach to correct for the simultaneity of employment and car ownership. Results indicat…
Car ownership and welfare‐to‐work
This study examines the role of car ownership in facilitating employment among recipients under the current welfare‐to‐work law. Because of a potential problem with simultaneity, the analysis uses predicted car ownership constructed from two instrumental variables, insurance premiums and population density for car ownership. The data come from a 1999–2000 survey of TANF recipients in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The empirical results show a…
Transit, Employment and Women on Welfare 1
Inadequate transportation has emerged as a major barrier to employment for welfare recipients required to transition from public assistance to employment under welfare reform. Transportation is a particularly daunting barrier for single women without access to a household car. This study uses multivariate techniques to examine whether nearby transit access impacts the employment outcomes of this population in Los Angeles County. Results show that…
Latino and African American Non-Custodial Fathers
This study examines the perspectives of 30 Latino (n = 17) and African American (n = 13) low-income non-custodial fathers regarding their role as fathers and the child support system. Using an ethnographic approach, these non-custodial fathers (NCFs) were asked about their own childhood and background, their relationship with their own fathers, their relationship with their non-custodial child(ren), and their views of the child support system. Th…
Job accessibility and welfare usage
Previous scholars have explored the effects of local labor market conditions on welfare usage. However, none of these studies use direct measures of geographic access to nearby jobs. Responding to this limitation, our research combines data from the 1990 census with three administrative data sets to examine the effect of geographic job access—defined as the relative supply of low-wage jobs located within a three-mile radius of a census tract—on w…
Job Access, Commute and Travel Burden among Welfare Recipients
Welfare recipients face a number of obstacles to making the transition from welfare to work. One is their geographical separation from employment opportunities: many welfare recipients live in 'job-poor' neighbourhoods far from employment for which they are qualified. Combining administrative data on welfare recipients and employment in Los Angeles with data from the 1990 decennial census, we show that greater access to local jobs in low-wage fir…
Work and automobile ownership among welfare recipients
One barrier facing many welfare recipients is their geographic isolation from employment opportunities. Given the sprawling, automobile-oriented, urban structure of most U.S. cities, owning an automobile enables a welfare recipient to conduct a geographically broader job search, to accept offers farther away from home, to improve work attendance, and to keep the commute burden to a reasonable level. Data from a survey of more than 1,000 female he…
The New Asian Immigration in Los Angeles and Global Restructuring
Spatial Mismatch or Automobile Mismatch? An Examination of Race, Residence and Commuting in US Metropolitan Areas
This paper uses data from the metropolitan samples of the American Housing Survey in 1977-78 and 1985 to examine the commute patterns of whites, blacks and Hispanics in US metropolitan areas, with a particular focus on the commutes of workers living in predominantly minority residential areas. Overall, the commute patterns of white and minority workers appear to be converging rather than diverging over time, even among low-skilled workers. Contra…
Race and Employment Dislocation in California's Aerospace Industry
This article finds that African American and Latino workers have borne a disproportionate share of employment costs associated with defense cuts in California's aerospace industry. The data for this analysis come from administrative files, which contain demographic and employment-related information for everyone who collects unemployment-insurance benefits. The analysis shows that African Americans suffered higher displacement rates, longer unemp…
Race and Rehiring in the High-Tech Industry
Previous research reveals that economic dislocation generates racial inequality because minorities suffer greater consequences from job displacement—longer unemployment duration and greater downward mobility. These outcomes, however, are conditional on being permanently laid off. This article examines the factors, including race, that influence whether or not a worker becomes displaced. More specifically, the article analyzes the probability of b…
Migration of Highly Educated Asians and Global Dynamics
The migration of Asians trained in technical fields is the most important component of the total global migration of scientific, technical and professional workers from developing to developed countries (primarily Australia, Canada and the United States). Though this phenomenon shares common characteristics with the larger international migration of all labor, it is unique in that migration from Asia to the industrialized countries favors the hig…
Spatial Mismatch or Automobile Mismatch? An Examination of Race, Residence and Commuting in US Metropolitan Areas
This paper uses data from the metropolitan samples of the American Housing Survey in 1977-78 and 1985 to examine the commute patterns of whites, blacks and Hispanics in US metropolitan areas, with a particular focus on the commutes of workers living in predominantly minority residential areas. Overall, the commute patterns of white and minority workers appear to be converging rather than diverging over time, even among low-skilled workers. Contra…
Spatial and Transportation Mismatch in Los Angeles
This article compares the impacts of spatial mismatch (the geographic separation of workers and jobs) and transportation mismatch (the lack of access to a private automobile) on neighborhood employment-to-population ratios and unemployment rates. The study uses tract-level data for the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The analysis uses an instrumental-variable approach to correct for the simultaneity of employment and car ownership. Results indicat…
Job Access, Commute and Travel Burden among Welfare Recipients
Welfare recipients face a number of obstacles to making the transition from welfare to work. One is their geographical separation from employment opportunities: many welfare recipients live in 'job-poor' neighbourhoods far from employment for which they are qualified. Combining administrative data on welfare recipients and employment in Los Angeles with data from the 1990 decennial census, we show that greater access to local jobs in low-wage fir…
Triangulating Neighborhood Knowledge to Understand Neighborhood Change
Neighborhood change is a complex phenomenon that may result in a range of physical, demographic, and economic changes in a locality. Using four case studies of transit neighborhoods in Los Angeles, this study utilizes a mixed-methods approach to examine a particular aspect of neighborhood change—gentrification. The article also compares and contrasts the type of data gathered by different methods to help us understand each method’s potential and …
Car ownership and welfare‐to‐work
This study examines the role of car ownership in facilitating employment among recipients under the current welfare‐to‐work law. Because of a potential problem with simultaneity, the analysis uses predicted car ownership constructed from two instrumental variables, insurance premiums and population density for car ownership. The data come from a 1999–2000 survey of TANF recipients in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The empirical results show a…
Work and automobile ownership among welfare recipients
One barrier facing many welfare recipients is their geographic isolation from employment opportunities. Given the sprawling, automobile-oriented, urban structure of most U.S. cities, owning an automobile enables a welfare recipient to conduct a geographically broader job search, to accept offers farther away from home, to improve work attendance, and to keep the commute burden to a reasonable level. Data from a survey of more than 1,000 female he…
Transit, Employment and Women on Welfare 1
Inadequate transportation has emerged as a major barrier to employment for welfare recipients required to transition from public assistance to employment under welfare reform. Transportation is a particularly daunting barrier for single women without access to a household car. This study uses multivariate techniques to examine whether nearby transit access impacts the employment outcomes of this population in Los Angeles County. Results show that…
Dual Chain Migration
Since 1965, there have been two chains or patterns of emigration from the Philippines, the largest source of Asian immigration to the United States. This study analyzes the modes of entry used by each chain to determine their effects on the composition of subsequent Filipino immigration and on the strategies pursued by sponsors in both chains. It also examines the persistence of these chains over time and their consequences for Filipino community…
Migration of Highly Educated Asians and Global Dynamics
The migration of Asians trained in technical fields is the most important component of the total global migration of scientific, technical and professional workers from developing to developed countries (primarily Australia, Canada and the United States). Though this phenomenon shares common characteristics with the larger international migration of all labor, it is unique in that migration from Asia to the industrialized countries favors the hig…
Dual Chain Migration
Chinatown Unemployment and the Ethnic Labor Market
Chinese Labor in Early San Francisco
Post-Layoff Earnings among Semiconductor Workers
This study uses administrative data from California's unemployment insurance program to analyze the post-layoff earnings of displaced and recalled workers in Silicon Valley's semiconductor industry between 1984 and 1987. The authors find losses from inter-sectoral displacement that are consistent with losses found in other studies of job dislocation. The results show, however, that displaced workers who found work within the high-technology secto…
Race and Rehiring in the High-Tech Industry
Previous research reveals that economic dislocation generates racial inequality because minorities suffer greater consequences from job displacement—longer unemployment duration and greater downward mobility. These outcomes, however, are conditional on being permanently laid off. This article examines the factors, including race, that influence whether or not a worker becomes displaced. More specifically, the article analyzes the probability of b…
Environmental Justice and Green‐Technology Adoption
This paper presents an analysis of an environmental justice ( EJ ) program adopted by the S outh C oast A ir Q uality M anagement District ( SCAQMD ) as a part of its regulation to phase out a toxic chemical used by dry cleaners. SCAQMD provided financial incentives to switch early and gave establishments in EJ neighborhoods priority in applying for grants. Despite this pro‐ EJ policy, available data show that dry cleaners in low‐income, predomin…
Redlining or risk? A spatial analysis of auto insurance rates in Los Angeles
Auto insurance rates can vary dramatically, with much higher premiums in poor and minority areas than elsewhere, even after accounting for individual characteristics, driving history, and coverage. This paper uses a unique data set to examine the relative influence of place‐based socioeconomic characteristics (or redlining) and place‐based risk factors on the place‐based component of automobile insurance premiums. We use a novel approach of combi…
The Network Spillover Effects of Metro Expansion on Metro Usage
Using Shenzhen, China as a case study, we observed that metro (i.e., subway) expansion can generate network spillover effects on metro usage along the existing metro lines. We also found that metro-induced network spillover effect follows a distance decay pattern both along the metro line and areas adjacent to stations. Analyzing time-varying network spillover effect can produce more accurate assessments of the travel behavior implications stemmi…
South Los Angeles Since the 1960s
South Los Angeles embodies a complex history that captures the dynamics of spatial inequality. It is an area where some of the largest protests reacting to a system of racial oppression have imprinted a persistent image on the names South Central and Watts. This article analyzes how the stigma attached to the South Los Angeles area has translated to place specific forms of inequality. We take advantage of the consistency in the boundaries the Cen…
Association of neighborhood gentrification and residential moves with hypertension and diabetes control in Los Angeles County, 2014–2019
Gentrification may support-or at least not harm-cardiometabolic health for some residents. City leaders and health systems could partner with impacted communities to ensure that neighborhood development meets the goals and health needs of all residents and does not exacerbate health disparities
Arts Accessibility to Major Museums and Cultural/Ethnic Institutions in Los Angeles
Major arts and cultural institutions have expanded their exhibits and programs to reflect society's growing diversity, but we know little about potential neighborhood disparities in arts participation within metropolitan areas and how it varies across institutions and different forms of engagement. Unlike membership, which tends to be 'market' driven, museum school tour programs often target underserved schools to engage diverse communities. We p…
Race and Employment Dislocation in California's Aerospace Industry
This article finds that African American and Latino workers have borne a disproportionate share of employment costs associated with defense cuts in California's aerospace industry. The data for this analysis come from administrative files, which contain demographic and employment-related information for everyone who collects unemployment-insurance benefits. The analysis shows that African Americans suffered higher displacement rates, longer unemp…
Factors Influencing the Size of the Black Business Community
Chinese Labor in Early San Francisco
Factors Influencing the Size of the Black Business Community
Chinatown Unemployment and the Ethnic Labor Market
Race and Life-Cycle Effects on Home Ownership in Los Angeles 1970 to 1980
To better understand the significance of employing group-specific data versus aggregate information in assessing the impacts of housing policies, we use multivariate regression analysis to examine the determinants of home ownership and to isolate the source of observed racial differences for black married couples and white married couples in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in 1970 and 1980. The results indicate (1) a systematic racial differenc…
Dual Chain Migration
Dual Chain Migration
Since 1965, there have been two chains or patterns of emigration from the Philippines, the largest source of Asian immigration to the United States. This study analyzes the modes of entry used by each chain to determine their effects on the composition of subsequent Filipino immigration and on the strategies pursued by sponsors in both chains. It also examines the persistence of these chains over time and their consequences for Filipino community…
Migration of Highly Educated Asians and Global Dynamics
The migration of Asians trained in technical fields is the most important component of the total global migration of scientific, technical and professional workers from developing to developed countries (primarily Australia, Canada and the United States). Though this phenomenon shares common characteristics with the larger international migration of all labor, it is unique in that migration from Asia to the industrialized countries favors the hig…
Post-Layoff Earnings among Semiconductor Workers
This study uses administrative data from California's unemployment insurance program to analyze the post-layoff earnings of displaced and recalled workers in Silicon Valley's semiconductor industry between 1984 and 1987. The authors find losses from inter-sectoral displacement that are consistent with losses found in other studies of job dislocation. The results show, however, that displaced workers who found work within the high-technology secto…
Race and Rehiring in the High-Tech Industry
Previous research reveals that economic dislocation generates racial inequality because minorities suffer greater consequences from job displacement—longer unemployment duration and greater downward mobility. These outcomes, however, are conditional on being permanently laid off. This article examines the factors, including race, that influence whether or not a worker becomes displaced. More specifically, the article analyzes the probability of b…
Spatial Mismatch or Automobile Mismatch? An Examination of Race, Residence and Commuting in US Metropolitan Areas
This paper uses data from the metropolitan samples of the American Housing Survey in 1977-78 and 1985 to examine the commute patterns of whites, blacks and Hispanics in US metropolitan areas, with a particular focus on the commutes of workers living in predominantly minority residential areas. Overall, the commute patterns of white and minority workers appear to be converging rather than diverging over time, even among low-skilled workers. Contra…
Race and Employment Dislocation in California's Aerospace Industry
This article finds that African American and Latino workers have borne a disproportionate share of employment costs associated with defense cuts in California's aerospace industry. The data for this analysis come from administrative files, which contain demographic and employment-related information for everyone who collects unemployment-insurance benefits. The analysis shows that African Americans suffered higher displacement rates, longer unemp…
Work and automobile ownership among welfare recipients
One barrier facing many welfare recipients is their geographic isolation from employment opportunities. Given the sprawling, automobile-oriented, urban structure of most U.S. cities, owning an automobile enables a welfare recipient to conduct a geographically broader job search, to accept offers farther away from home, to improve work attendance, and to keep the commute burden to a reasonable level. Data from a survey of more than 1,000 female he…
The New Asian Immigration in Los Angeles and Global Restructuring
Job accessibility and welfare usage
Previous scholars have explored the effects of local labor market conditions on welfare usage. However, none of these studies use direct measures of geographic access to nearby jobs. Responding to this limitation, our research combines data from the 1990 census with three administrative data sets to examine the effect of geographic job access—defined as the relative supply of low-wage jobs located within a three-mile radius of a census tract—on w…
Job Access, Commute and Travel Burden among Welfare Recipients
Welfare recipients face a number of obstacles to making the transition from welfare to work. One is their geographical separation from employment opportunities: many welfare recipients live in 'job-poor' neighbourhoods far from employment for which they are qualified. Combining administrative data on welfare recipients and employment in Los Angeles with data from the 1990 decennial census, we show that greater access to local jobs in low-wage fir…
Latino and African American Non-Custodial Fathers
This study examines the perspectives of 30 Latino (n = 17) and African American (n = 13) low-income non-custodial fathers regarding their role as fathers and the child support system. Using an ethnographic approach, these non-custodial fathers (NCFs) were asked about their own childhood and background, their relationship with their own fathers, their relationship with their non-custodial child(ren), and their views of the child support system. Th…
Car ownership and welfare‐to‐work
This study examines the role of car ownership in facilitating employment among recipients under the current welfare‐to‐work law. Because of a potential problem with simultaneity, the analysis uses predicted car ownership constructed from two instrumental variables, insurance premiums and population density for car ownership. The data come from a 1999–2000 survey of TANF recipients in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The empirical results show a…
Transit, Employment and Women on Welfare 1
Inadequate transportation has emerged as a major barrier to employment for welfare recipients required to transition from public assistance to employment under welfare reform. Transportation is a particularly daunting barrier for single women without access to a household car. This study uses multivariate techniques to examine whether nearby transit access impacts the employment outcomes of this population in Los Angeles County. Results show that…
Spatial and Transportation Mismatch in Los Angeles
This article compares the impacts of spatial mismatch (the geographic separation of workers and jobs) and transportation mismatch (the lack of access to a private automobile) on neighborhood employment-to-population ratios and unemployment rates. The study uses tract-level data for the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The analysis uses an instrumental-variable approach to correct for the simultaneity of employment and car ownership. Results indicat…
Race and Space
Some spatial mismatch theorists have incorporated racial discrimination in employment into their quantitative models as a causal factor, in addition to spatial barriers, in explaining the unemployment problems of Blacks. They generally argue that racist employers are more likely to locate in the suburbs, rather than the inner city, which helps to explain why Blacks are less likely to be employed there. We take a qualitative approach to the spatia…
Redlining or risk? A spatial analysis of auto insurance rates in Los Angeles
Auto insurance rates can vary dramatically, with much higher premiums in poor and minority areas than elsewhere, even after accounting for individual characteristics, driving history, and coverage. This paper uses a unique data set to examine the relative influence of place‐based socioeconomic characteristics (or redlining) and place‐based risk factors on the place‐based component of automobile insurance premiums. We use a novel approach of combi…
Awakening the New “Sleeping Giant”?
The 2008 election was a milestone in the emergence of Asian Americans as a factor in American politics, with national television news networks openly discussing and analyzing California’s Asian American voters. Most mainstream analysis, however, had very little in-depth understanding of the population. This essay provides some insights into the absolute and relative size of the Asian American population, along with key demographic characteristics…
Environmental Justice and Green‐Technology Adoption
This paper presents an analysis of an environmental justice ( EJ ) program adopted by the S outh C oast A ir Q uality M anagement District ( SCAQMD ) as a part of its regulation to phase out a toxic chemical used by dry cleaners. SCAQMD provided financial incentives to switch early and gave establishments in EJ neighborhoods priority in applying for grants. Despite this pro‐ EJ policy, available data show that dry cleaners in low‐income, predomin…
Arts Accessibility to Major Museums and Cultural/Ethnic Institutions in Los Angeles
Major arts and cultural institutions have expanded their exhibits and programs to reflect society's growing diversity, but we know little about potential neighborhood disparities in arts participation within metropolitan areas and how it varies across institutions and different forms of engagement. Unlike membership, which tends to be 'market' driven, museum school tour programs often target underserved schools to engage diverse communities. We p…
Dating preferences among self-identified gay men of Asian descent in the United States
Little is known about the dating preferences of Asian American gay men. To conceptualize the dating preferences among these men, the impact domains model (IDM) was used to investigate if nativity and/or acculturation might explain dating preferences. Previous studies have pointed out the problematic nature of a racist cultural stereotype that Asian American gay men prefer white partners (Choi, Yep, & Kumekawa, 1998; Han, 2008). The current findin…
Economics (26 obras) · Demographic economics (20 obras) · Sociology (20 obras) · Geography (18 obras) · Economic growth (16 obras) · Political science (15 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Business (12 obras) · Demography (12 obras) · Population (11 obras)