William J Samarin
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 109387 |
|---|---|
| NOME | William J Samarin |
| PRENOMES | William J |
| SOBRENOME | Samarin |
| ASSINATURA | SAMARIN W J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Toronto |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 69 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 114 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 69 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1952 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2008 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
A different view of Sango
The impoverished République Centrafricaine whose health as a state is attacked from within and without and barely administered with a phantom government is held together by its indigenous language, a lingua franca for most of the population but the first language of a growing number. In this respect it is almost unique on the African continent even when compared with Swahili, Lingala, and Kituba. But like the latter two it owes its existence as a…
Convergence and the Retention of Marked Consonants in Sango
Sango challenges allegations that the sound inventories of pidgins are small and that in language contact sound change often leads to loss or assimilation in phonemic distinctions. Sango has retained almost the whole phonological system of Ngbandi, on which it is based. This is explained, not by substratal influence-the systems of co-territorial Ubangian languages of the Banda and Gbaya groups-but by similar systems of several West African and es…
Sentence-repetition tests in determining competence in the spread of Pidgin Sango
L'A. entreprend dans cet article l'etude critique de l'ouvrage de Mark Karan The dynamics of Sango language spread (2001). Cet ouvrage s'interesse au pidgin du sango, une lingua franca apparue au XIX e siecle dans une large partie de l'Afrique equatoriale centrale, lors de la colonisation de celle-ci par les gouvernements francais et belges. Cette etude se divise en deux. Dans un premier temps, l'A. revient sur l'analyse de la naissance et de la …
The past and present in marking futurity in Sango
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Sociolinguistics as I see it
The creation and critique of a Central African myth
In opposition to my reconstruction of the origin of Sango — the lingua franca and official language of the Central African Republic — is that of M. Diki-Kidiri. His I characterize as mythic, motivated by ideology and not grounded on historic and linguistic facts. Whereas I have argued that Sango emerged because of the pidginization of Ngbandi dialects at the very beginning of the colonization of the region, Diki-Kidiri allèges that it simply evol…
The Dynamics of Morphotactic Change in Sango
Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Historical Issues in African Linguistics (1994)
Langauge, Education, and Development
Langauge, Education, and Development: Urban and Rural Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea. Suzanne Romaine. Oxford Studies in Langauge Contact. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. 392 pp
Studies in Cameroonian and Zairean Languages
Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction
Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self, and Syncretism in. Papua New Guinean Village. Don Kulick. Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, 14. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 317 pp
The Black Man's Burden
La politique indigène in the history of Bangui
This paper documents the difficulties that the French had during their first decade at Bangui, established as their furthest outpost on the Ubangi River in 1889. It is argued that the problem was fundamentally one of race relations. The explanation for bad relations finds all participants at fault : the local people for persisting in their theft, the African personnel of the whites for their misinformation and for oppressing the people, and the F…
The Black Man's Burden
Intersubjective and Intradialectal Variation in Gbeya Ideophones
Descriptive or expressive adverbs in the Gbeya language of the Central African Republic are subjected to a study for variation. Predictably, it is found that there is more variation between speakers from different villages of the same dialect than there is between speakers from the same village—with some surprising differences. One explanation is that Gbeya enjoy playing with ideophones
The Black Man's Burden
The Black Man's Burden
The Black Man's Burden
The Colonial Heritage of the Central African Republic
Language in the Colonization of Central Africa, 1880-1900
On a vu apparaître durant les années 1880 et 1890 trois lingua francas en Afrique centrale: le monokutuba (kikongo véhiculaire, etc.), le bangala (le lingala), et le sango. Elles etaient connues en tant que langues commerciales, et on essayait d'expliquer leurs origines en disant qu'on se servait de langues communes bien avant l'arrivée des Européens. Ici on préfère une origine postérieure: ce sont plutôt les ouvriers étrangers, amenées en Afriqu…
Creating Language and Community in Pidginization
Although “language” and “community” are assumed for all normal, that is, stable, conditions experienced by human beings, both phenomena are problematic in situations where there is no shared means of communication. We should like to know how they emerge, which one takes precedence or is more dominant (if such can be determined) and what factors accompany the predominance of one of these phenomena. In this paper, I approach the problem by examinin…
Demythologizing Plains Indian Sign Language History
The Source of Sango's 'BE
The verb 'be' in Pidgin Sango is an innovation, for vernacular Sango has no copula. The development in Sango had important grammatical consequences. It is argued, with data both from Ngbandi and Kituba, that the most likely source of this verb is some form of Kikongo, which went through the process of pidginization in the nineteenth century
Protestant Missions and the History of Lingala
Of all the things that language can be at any time-for example, medium of communication, symbol of ethnicity, or means of exercising power-it was something in particular at the time when missionaries began their work in the Congo River basin at the end of the nineteenth century.' Language served the missionaries as a means to penetrate the heart of Africa. This function can be symbolized by the kinds of gross arrows that indicate the advance of t…
Linguistic Anthropology
Bilingualism or Not
Field Linguistics
This book has few predecessors. The best of them are two small works published over twenty years ago, Bloomfield's Outline Guide for the Practical Study of Foreign Languages (1942) and Bloch and Trager's Outline of Linguistic Analysis (1942). There were at that time a few books about general \nlinguistics, but not one of them was designed for the investigator taking up for the first time the study of a hitherto "unknown" language. Methodology was…
Perspective on African ideophones
Sango, An African Lingua Franca
Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Language in the Colonization of Central Africa, 1880-1900
On a vu apparaître durant les années 1880 et 1890 trois lingua francas en Afrique centrale: le monokutuba (kikongo véhiculaire, etc.), le bangala (le lingala), et le sango. Elles etaient connues en tant que langues commerciales, et on essayait d'expliquer leurs origines en disant qu'on se servait de langues communes bien avant l'arrivée des Européens. Ici on préfère une origine postérieure: ce sont plutôt les ouvriers étrangers, amenées en Afriqu…
The Art of Gbeya Insults
The Gbeya Language
Automatic alternations 131.1.Consonants 131.2.Tones 132.Morphological alternations 132.1.Consonants 34 132.2.Vowels 35 132.3.Tone and other alternations 133.Irregular alternations 133.1.Consonants 37 133.2.Vowels 37 133.3./r/, /y/, and vowel lengthening 37 140.Extra-phonemic characteristics of the language 39 150.Assimilation of loan-words 40 [ v ] vi CONTENTS 2. Bound Morphemes 210.Affixes in construction with only one other morpheme 211.Affixes…
Sociolinguistics as I see it
A Grammar of Sango
This copy of 'A grammar of Sango' is the submitted manuscript for the 1967 publication by the same name. The copyright holder, De Gruyter, has kindly granted TSpace special permission to distribute the 1963 version of the book
Studies in Portuguese and creole (with special reference to South Africa)
The Gbaya Languages
Opening ParagraphThe Gbaya languages are treated in the third part of the recently published volume of the series, Handbook of African Languages. In this work they are held to represent a dialect cluster (a single unit) within the larger unit, the Banda-Gbaya-Ngbandi languages. In thus uniting these linguistic groups, Tucker and Bryan agree at least in part with Greenberg, who includes them as well as some other languages within his Eastern Branc…
Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction
Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self, and Syncretism in. Papua New Guinean Village. Don Kulick. Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, 14. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 317 pp
The Black Man's Burden
Protestant Missions and the History of Lingala
Of all the things that language can be at any time-for example, medium of communication, symbol of ethnicity, or means of exercising power-it was something in particular at the time when missionaries began their work in the Congo River basin at the end of the nineteenth century.' Language served the missionaries as a means to penetrate the heart of Africa. This function can be symbolized by the kinds of gross arrows that indicate the advance of t…
The Black Man's Burden
Demythologizing Plains Indian Sign Language History
On Language in Society
Glossolalia as Regressive Speech
Although there is considerable agreement about the phonological characteristics of religious glossolalia, based for the most part on utterances produced by native speakers of English, opinions differ widely about the causation of glossolalia. Most of the explanations are psychological or physiological. It is demonstrated that these explanations are inadequate because they are ad hoc and because they do not comprehend enough data. One hypothesis i…
Anthropologie linguistique de l'Afrique noire
Yiddish in America
The Vocabulary of Sango
The Phonology of Pidgin Sango
Intonation in tone languages
SYNOPSIS The analysis of tonal phenomena is rendered difficult by the relative levels of pitch and by an apparent lack of system in their occurrence. Recent study has provided a methodology of studying tonal data, which can not be properly described without recognition of intonation. Tonal and intonational phenomena must be distinguished and separately described. African tone languages reveal intonational systems
Intersubjective and Intradialectal Variation in Gbeya Ideophones
Descriptive or expressive adverbs in the Gbeya language of the Central African Republic are subjected to a study for variation. Predictably, it is found that there is more variation between speakers from different villages of the same dialect than there is between speakers from the same village—with some surprising differences. One explanation is that Gbeya enjoy playing with ideophones
The Black Man's Burden
Variation and variables in religious glossolalia
Psychopathological explanations oversimplify religious glossolalia. An analysis of the use of glossolalia reveals that the speaker manipulates linguistic variables with considerable delicacy in response to role, purpose of the speech act, and setting of the speech act. Examined from a cultural point of view, glossolalia is another ‘language’ in the Pentecostalists' linguistic repertoire. (Glossolalia, Pentecostalism, speech pathologies, paralingu…
Intonation in tone languages
SYNOPSIS The analysis of tonal phenomena is rendered difficult by the relative levels of pitch and by an apparent lack of system in their occurrence. Recent study has provided a methodology of studying tonal data, which can not be properly described without recognition of intonation. Tonal and intonational phenomena must be distinguished and separately described. African tone languages reveal intonational systems
Sango, An African Lingua Franca
Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
The Phonology of Pidgin Sango
The Gbaya Languages
Opening ParagraphThe Gbaya languages are treated in the third part of the recently published volume of the series, Handbook of African Languages. In this work they are held to represent a dialect cluster (a single unit) within the larger unit, the Banda-Gbaya-Ngbandi languages. In thus uniting these linguistic groups, Tucker and Bryan agree at least in part with Greenberg, who includes them as well as some other languages within his Eastern Branc…
Ngaragé, a Gbeya society
Prospecting Gbaya dialects
SYNOPSIS Ideally, a linguistic classification should indicate relationships within a single linguistic unit (e.g. family). Hitherto no one has shown the inter‐relationships of the idioms comprising the “Gbaya‐Ngbaka Mandjia Group”. These might be determined by comparing word‐lists, by studying mutually intelligibility, or by describing the distributions of certain linguistic features. But since we have to do with a continuously varying language, …
Reply to Hawkins
The Vocabulary of Sango
A Phonetic Study of West African Languages
Foreword Joseph H. Greenberg Introduction 1. Consonant contrasts 2. Airstream mechanisms and double articulations 3. Phonation types 4. Stops and affricates 5. Nasals and nasalization 6. Fricatives and approximants 7. Laterals and forms of r 8. Secondary articulations and clusters 9. Vowels 10. Tone and intonation Appendices Bibliography Index
Sranan Syntax. Jan Voorhoeve
Secularism Is Not Inevitable
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Linguistics
Perspective on African ideophones
Religion and Modernization in Africa
Handling Unsophisticated Linguistic Informants. Alan Healey
Field Linguistics
This book has few predecessors. The best of them are two small works published over twenty years ago, Bloomfield's Outline Guide for the Practical Study of Foreign Languages (1942) and Bloch and Trager's Outline of Linguistic Analysis (1942). There were at that time a few books about general \nlinguistics, but not one of them was designed for the investigator taking up for the first time the study of a hitherto "unknown" language. Methodology was…
Lingua Francas of the World
The language of the Crusaders was not the first lingua franca in the history of mankind, but it furnished the name for all such similar languages ever since.
A Very Small Piece in an Ethnographic Mosaic
Yiddish in America
Studies in Portuguese and creole (with special reference to South Africa)
The Gbeya Language
Automatic alternations 131.1.Consonants 131.2.Tones 132.Morphological alternations 132.1.Consonants 34 132.2.Vowels 35 132.3.Tone and other alternations 133.Irregular alternations 133.1.Consonants 37 133.2.Vowels 37 133.3./r/, /y/, and vowel lengthening 37 140.Extra-phonemic characteristics of the language 39 150.Assimilation of loan-words 40 [ v ] vi CONTENTS 2. Bound Morphemes 210.Affixes in construction with only one other morpheme 211.Affixes…
Forms and Functions of Nonsense Language
Is there anything that man has perceived or experienced that he has not incorporated in some system? Everything man lays his hands on, he uses. Language is no exception. Man takes both his linguistic capacities and his — or someone else's — linguistic output and uses them in ingenious ways. The investigation of these capacities and man's utilization of them is the subject matter of linguistics. But linguistics has been primarily, and almost exclu…
The Art of Gbeya Insults
A Grammar of Sango
This copy of 'A grammar of Sango' is the submitted manuscript for the 1967 publication by the same name. The copyright holder, De Gruyter, has kindly granted TSpace special permission to distribute the 1963 version of the book
Inventory and Choice in Expressive Language
Philosophy (43 obras) · Linguistics (42 obras) · History (35 obras) · Philosophy (29 obras) · Sociology (29 obras) · History (26 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Computer Science (16 obras) · African history and culture studies (13 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (13 obras)