David L Weakliem
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 109582 |
|---|---|
| NOME | David L Weakliem |
| PRENOMES | David L |
| SOBRENOME | Weakliem |
| ASSINATURA | WEAKLIEM D L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Connecticut |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 44 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 319 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 44 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1986 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2016 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
The Missing Main Effect of Welfare State Regimes
David L. Weakliem Sociological Science, February 17, 2016 DOI 10.15195/v3.a6 Abstract This article discusses Nate Breznau’s critique of Brooks and Manza’s Social Policy Responsiveness in Developed Democracies
Editor’s Comment on “What Have We Learned from Cross-National Research on the Causes of Income Inequality?”
Public Opinion, the 1%, and Income Redistribution
Because of the skewed distribution of income and wealth, a majority of people could make significant financial gains by redistribution from the affluent minority. However, redistribution of this kind is not particularly popular. Moreover, the rapid increase in top salaries since the 1970s has not provoked a strong reaction from the public. This essay considers the paradox of public opinion on redistribution. There are many hypotheses, but until r…
Mobility, Measuring the Effects of
Social mobility has always been a central concern of sociology, and theorists have offered a wide range of hypotheses concerning the social, political, and cultural consequences of mobility. For example, mobility has been claimed to reduce class solidarity, to produce tension or strain, and to produce tolerance and breadth of outlook. Some of these hypotheses apply primarily at the societal level, others at the individual level. Hypotheses about …
Beyond the One-Drop Rule
Simon Cheng, David Weakliem Sociological Science, March 17, 2014 DOI 10.15195/v1.a6 Abstract We use data from a national survey of likely voters conducted before the 2008 election to study the association between Obama's perceived racial identity and voters' choices
Modernization and Religious Concord
Tocqueville said that Americans combined a general belief in God with a lack of interest in denominational differences. Although this outlook may be particularly prevalent in the United States, it is also visible in other Western societies, although combined with lower levels of religious belief. This paper investigates the possibility of a relationship between a belief that there is truth in many religions and modernization, using data from the …
Not Asking for Much
The logic of self-interest suggests that most people will favor imposing heavy taxes on the rich and distributing the proceeds among the general population, but in reality this is not a popular position. A number of explanations have been suggested, but there has been little systematic research. This paper reviews a wide range of survey data with the goal of identifying more or less promising explanations. Three receive clear support: most people…
Educational Attainment and Religiosity
This study examines the relationship between educational attainment and various dimensions of religiosity. On the basis of a network closure argument, we hypothesize that the relationship between education and religiosity varies by religious tradition. Analyzing data from the 1972–2006 General Social Survey, we found that educational attainment predicted increased attendance at religious services, decreased levels of prayer, increased inclination…
Sociological Stratification
What Do We Mean by 'Class Politics
During the past thirty years in the social sciences, there has been a wide-ranging discussion of 'class politics' in capitalist modernity. Several distinct threads have developed, largely in isolation from each other. The authors suggest that the various accounts implicitly rely on different definitions of class politics and propose a way to classify them. The classification is based on two questions: first, whether changes in the strength of the…
Time Series Analysis of Political Change
Robustness of Group-Based Models for Longitudinal Count Data
In recent years, there have been efforts to develop latent class models for trajectories. The semiparametric mixed Poisson regression (SMPR) model has been used in many empirical studies, but there have been few attempts to evaluate the robustness of the estimates from this model. The authors use simulated data to evaluate the performance of the SMPR model under a variety of assumptions. They find that estimates are sensitive to the conditional d…
Mobility, Measuring the Effects of
Social mobility has always been a central concern of sociology, and theorists have offered a wide range of hypotheses concerning the social, political, and cultural consequences of mobility. For example, mobility has been claimed to reduce class solidarity, to produce tension or strain that finds an outlet in extremist politics, and to produce tolerance and breadth of outlook. Some of the claims about the effects of mobility apply primarily at th…
Alienation in the United States
Morale and Workplace Performance
This study considers the relationship between morale and workplace productivity in a representative sample of Australian workplaces. It focuses on three questions: the shape of the relationship, whether the effects of morale are contingent on other factors, and the paths by which any effect takes place. The results show that morale influences productivity in an approximately linear fashion. The effect of morale on productivity appears to be large…
Poder direcionador
Nos últimos anos, vários estudos têm examinado a influência da opinião pública sobre as políticas públicas, mas poucos têm considerado a influência da opinião sobre as condições sociais. São questões separadas, uma vez que as políticas podem não ter os efeitos pretendidos e a opinião pode influenciar diretamente os resultados, à parte das políticas públicas. Este trabalho examina a relação entre opinião pública e desigualdade de renda em uma amos…
By Popular Demand
This paper examines the relationship between public support for wage differentials and actual income inequality using data from the World Values Surveys. The distribution of income is more equal in nations where public opinion is more egalitarian. There is some evidence that the opinions of people with higher incomes are more influential than those of people with low incomes. Although the estimated relationship is stronger in democracies, it is p…
Public Attitudes Toward the Census
Objective. This article considers the determinants of attitudes toward the census. Methods. Data from a survey of Connecticut residents are analyzed. Some of the questions replicate items from previous national surveys. Results. Conservatives and people with low trust in government have more negative views of the census, while interest in politics has no effect. Exposure to advertising has a positive effect on some attitudes. Conclusions. Despite…
Introduction to the Special Issue on Model Selection
Model selection is an increasingly important part of sociological research. In most empirical work, the number of conceivable models is enormous. For example, in a linear regression analysis with v candidate independent variables, 2 models may be defined by using distinct subsets of those variables. If nonlinearities and interactions are considered, the number of possible models becomes far larger. At one time, limitations of computing power mean…
The Effects of Education on Political Opinions
Research has found that education is associated with more liberal opinions on a number of issues, but there is uncertainty about the scope and interpretation of these findings. This study investigates the effects of education using data from the 1990 World Values Survey, which includes 40 nations and covers a wide range of opinions. Multi‐level models are used to allow for national variation in the effects of education, including interactions wit…
A new populism? The case of Patrick Buchanan
The Secret Life of Class Voting
It is shown that since the 1950s, there has been little evidence of change in the voting patterns of most classes in France. However, farmers have clearly moved to the extreme right from the late 1950s onwards, thus producing a polarization in voting patterns between them and working class voters. The explanation for this rather specific over‐time variation is argued to lie not in social change but in the political strategies of the Gaullist move…
Rational Choice Theory and Large-Scale Data Analysis
Introduction The Relationship Between Rational Choice Theory and Large-Scale Data Analysis: Past Developments and Future Perspectives (Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Gerald Prein.) Linking Rational Choice Theory And Quantitative Sociology The Quantitative Analysis of Large-Scale Data Sets and Rational Action Theory: For a Sociological Alliance (John H. Goldthorpe.) The Influence of Simplification on Explananda: Phenomenon-Centered Versus Choice-Centere…
Reply to Firth and Kuha, Gelman and Rubin, Raftery, and Xie
Aids and Social Networks
Whereas many infectious diseases are spread through casual contact and contagion, HIV transmission results from risk behaviors that involve close and often intimate contact. As a result, the transmission of HIV is structured by the social relationships within which these contacts are embedded. Hence, social network analysis is especially suitable for understanding the AIDS epidemic. This paper reports the results of a field experiment that compar…
A Critique of the Bayesian Information Criterion for Model Selection
The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) has become a popular criterion for model selection in recent years. The BIC is intended to provide a measure of the weight of evidence favoring one model over another, or Bayes factor. It has, however, some important drawbacks that are not widely recognized. First, Bayes factors depend on prior beliefs about the expected distribution of parameter values, and there is no guarantee that the Bayes factor impl…
Does Social Mobility Affect Political Behaviour
This paper considers the effects of social mobility on political behaviour. Several theoretical accounts suggest that the upwardly mobile adopt the behaviour typical of their destination while the downwardly mobile tend to retain the behaviour typical of their origin. This hypothesis is tested using data from the United States and Western Europe on voting behaviour and class identification. The paper applies and extends the ‘diagonal’ mobility ef…
Ownership and Authority in the Earnings Function
La recherche sociologique sur les salaires fait generalement usage de modeles qui prennent en compte la situation professionnelle de l'individu dans la structure de domination ou l'echelle des salaires sur le lieu de travail. Les AA. presentent des tests statistiques qui comparent les modeles de salaires fondes sur des specifications alternative de telles approches, notamment les typologies de classes nominales d'Erik O. Wright. Ils utilisent la …
Rational Choice and Class Voting
This article uses data from the 1987 British Election Study (BES) to examine the rationality of class voting. Class differences in support for parties of the left and right have usually been seen as a direct consequence of interests in income redistribution. The authors examine intervening variables that might explain the relation between class and vote, including attitudes toward redistribution and other economic issues and beliefs about the par…
Worker Control and Attachment to the Firm
This article asks whether the exercise of choice and discretion over task-related aspects of a job strenghtens or weakens the bond that ties workers to their employers. Past work on the relationship between worker control and attachment has been theoretically vague, and the empirical evidence generally consists only of positive association between indicators of control and attachment. The research reported here changes this situation in two ways.…
Aids and Social Networks
Whereas many infectious diseases are spread through casual contact and contagion, HIV transmission results from risk behaviors that involve close and often intimate contact. As a result, the transmission of HIV is structured by the social relationships within which these contacts are embedded. Hence, social network analysis is especially suitable for understanding the AIDS epidemic. This paper reports the results of a field experiment that compar…
Sociological Stratification
By Popular Demand
This paper examines the relationship between public support for wage differentials and actual income inequality using data from the World Values Surveys. The distribution of income is more equal in nations where public opinion is more egalitarian. There is some evidence that the opinions of people with higher incomes are more influential than those of people with low incomes. Although the estimated relationship is stronger in democracies, it is p…
The Two Lefts? Occupation and Party Choice in France, Italy, and the Netherlands
It has recently been argued that class divisions in politics are being altered by the emergence of conflicts over nonmaterial issues. Since the main support for the new ("postmaterialist") left is in the midle class, segments of the middle class are attracted to the left, while more traditionalist working-class voters move to the right. This paper uses long-linear association models to test this argument, examining occupation and party choice in …
Class Consciousness and Political Change
Most research suggests that changes in political preferences and public opinion are similar for all social groups. I investigate the possibility that prior views of the world, or affect responses to new information, and hence changes in opinion. I focus on one type of ideology, levels of class consciousness, using data from opinion surveys of British manual workers in the election years of 1964, 1966, and 1970. Results from a latent class model i…
What Do We Mean by 'Class Politics
During the past thirty years in the social sciences, there has been a wide-ranging discussion of 'class politics' in capitalist modernity. Several distinct threads have developed, largely in isolation from each other. The authors suggest that the various accounts implicitly rely on different definitions of class politics and propose a way to classify them. The classification is based on two questions: first, whether changes in the strength of the…
Class voting, social change, and the left in Australia, 1943-961
The relationship between class and voting choices has been the subject of controversy in recent years, especially in connection with the apparent decline of the traditional left. This paper examines class voting in Australia, focusing on three major issues: (1) changes in the overall strength of class voting (2) realignment, or changes in the relative political positions of the classes (3) the connection between the strength of class voting and s…
Introduction to the Special Issue on Model Selection
Model selection is an increasingly important part of sociological research. In most empirical work, the number of conceivable models is enormous. For example, in a linear regression analysis with v candidate independent variables, 2 models may be defined by using distinct subsets of those variables. If nonlinearities and interactions are considered, the number of possible models becomes far larger. At one time, limitations of computing power mean…
Alienation in the United States
Region and Political Opinion in the Contemporary United States
Regional differences in political views are widely recognized but rarely studied. This article considers two theories of regional differences. The first suggests that differences will be reduced by familiarity and interregional contact. Hence, they will be smaller among the more educated and will decline with time. The second suggests that regional identity competes with ethnic and religious identities. Hence, regional differences will be smaller…
Morale and Workplace Performance
This study considers the relationship between morale and workplace productivity in a representative sample of Australian workplaces. It focuses on three questions: the shape of the relationship, whether the effects of morale are contingent on other factors, and the paths by which any effect takes place. The results show that morale influences productivity in an approximately linear fashion. The effect of morale on productivity appears to be large…
Two Models of Class Voting
Until the late 1960s, most informed observers agreed with Pulzer's well-known claim that ‘class is the basis of British party politics; all else is embellishment and detail’. More recently, however, most analysts have come to believe that there has been a decline in the association between class and party choice, a development that is generally referred to as ‘class dealignment’. Nevertheless, several researchers have challenged this new consensu…
Toward Meritocracy? Changing Social-Class Differences in Intellectual Ability
Many observers believe that intellectual ability has become a more important determinant of occupational success in recent decades and that social-class differences in ability have consequently increased. This article examines changes in occupational-class differences in scores on a test of verbal ability for people born between the late 19th century and the 1960s. Contrary to the usual view, class differences have become smaller among people bor…
Class and Party in Britain, 1964-83
This paper analyzes changes in class voting in Britain by applying models for the analysis of ordered categories to data from the British General Election Surveys. The findings support Heath, Jowell and Curtice's (1985) claim that there has been no general class dealignment. In addition, changes in class voting are unrelated to changes in the overall performance of Labour relative to Conservatives, although the Liberals do appear to benefit when …
Not Asking for Much
The logic of self-interest suggests that most people will favor imposing heavy taxes on the rich and distributing the proceeds among the general population, but in reality this is not a popular position. A number of explanations have been suggested, but there has been little systematic research. This paper reviews a wide range of survey data with the goal of identifying more or less promising explanations. Three receive clear support: most people…
Comparing Non-Nested Models for Contingency Tables
Many different models of contingency tables have been developed in recent years. Standard nested hypothesis tests are based on combining the alternatives in a comprehensive model. This is often difficult to accomplish, in which case standard hypothesis tests are unusable. This paper discusses an alternative approach, non-nested hypothesis tests, and extends the tests that have been developed for normal regression models to models for count data. …
Relative Wages and the Radical Theory of Economic Segmentation
The radical theory of economic segmentation holds that systems of labor control affect labor's capacity to pursue its interest. The system characteristic of the leading sectors of U.S. industry provides immediate benefits to workers at the cost of undermining their control over work and their ability to mobilize for collective action. The radical theory implies that the system initially increased wages but eventually led to a decline because of t…
The employment contract
Beyond the One-Drop Rule
Simon Cheng, David Weakliem Sociological Science, March 17, 2014 DOI 10.15195/v1.a6 Abstract We use data from a national survey of likely voters conducted before the 2008 election to study the association between Obama's perceived racial identity and voters' choices
Public Attitudes Toward the Census
Objective. This article considers the determinants of attitudes toward the census. Methods. Data from a survey of Connecticut residents are analyzed. Some of the questions replicate items from previous national surveys. Results. Conservatives and people with low trust in government have more negative views of the census, while interest in politics has no effect. Exposure to advertising has a positive effect on some attitudes. Conclusions. Despite…
Economic conditions and government popularity in Great Britain, 1956?1983
The employment contract
Class and Party in Britain, 1964-83
This paper analyzes changes in class voting in Britain by applying models for the analysis of ordered categories to data from the British General Election Surveys. The findings support Heath, Jowell and Curtice's (1985) claim that there has been no general class dealignment. In addition, changes in class voting are unrelated to changes in the overall performance of Labour relative to Conservatives, although the Liberals do appear to benefit when …
Worker Control and Attachment to the Firm
This article asks whether the exercise of choice and discretion over task-related aspects of a job strenghtens or weakens the bond that ties workers to their employers. Past work on the relationship between worker control and attachment has been theoretically vague, and the empirical evidence generally consists only of positive association between indicators of control and attachment. The research reported here changes this situation in two ways.…
Relative Wages and the Radical Theory of Economic Segmentation
The radical theory of economic segmentation holds that systems of labor control affect labor's capacity to pursue its interest. The system characteristic of the leading sectors of U.S. industry provides immediate benefits to workers at the cost of undermining their control over work and their ability to mobilize for collective action. The radical theory implies that the system initially increased wages but eventually led to a decline because of t…
The Two Lefts? Occupation and Party Choice in France, Italy, and the Netherlands
It has recently been argued that class divisions in politics are being altered by the emergence of conflicts over nonmaterial issues. Since the main support for the new ("postmaterialist") left is in the midle class, segments of the middle class are attracted to the left, while more traditionalist working-class voters move to the right. This paper uses long-linear association models to test this argument, examining occupation and party choice in …
Comparing Non-Nested Models for Contingency Tables
Many different models of contingency tables have been developed in recent years. Standard nested hypothesis tests are based on combining the alternatives in a comprehensive model. This is often difficult to accomplish, in which case standard hypothesis tests are unusable. This paper discusses an alternative approach, non-nested hypothesis tests, and extends the tests that have been developed for normal regression models to models for count data. …
Does Social Mobility Affect Political Behaviour
This paper considers the effects of social mobility on political behaviour. Several theoretical accounts suggest that the upwardly mobile adopt the behaviour typical of their destination while the downwardly mobile tend to retain the behaviour typical of their origin. This hypothesis is tested using data from the United States and Western Europe on voting behaviour and class identification. The paper applies and extends the ‘diagonal’ mobility ef…
Class Consciousness and Political Change
Most research suggests that changes in political preferences and public opinion are similar for all social groups. I investigate the possibility that prior views of the world, or affect responses to new information, and hence changes in opinion. I focus on one type of ideology, levels of class consciousness, using data from opinion surveys of British manual workers in the election years of 1964, 1966, and 1970. Results from a latent class model i…
Ownership and Authority in the Earnings Function
La recherche sociologique sur les salaires fait generalement usage de modeles qui prennent en compte la situation professionnelle de l'individu dans la structure de domination ou l'echelle des salaires sur le lieu de travail. Les AA. presentent des tests statistiques qui comparent les modeles de salaires fondes sur des specifications alternative de telles approches, notamment les typologies de classes nominales d'Erik O. Wright. Ils utilisent la …
Political Ideology and Class Formation
The Problem of the Middle Class in Social Science Five Theories on the Structure and Politics of the Middle Class Variable Construction in the Study of the Middle Class The Political Ideology of the Middle Class: An Empirical Examination The Boundary Question Class Formation in the U.S. and Sweden: The Problem of Knowledge Controllers Race and Gender in Class Analysis: Political Coalitions of the Middle Class Conclusion: Class Analysis and Histor…
Rational Choice and Class Voting
This article uses data from the 1987 British Election Study (BES) to examine the rationality of class voting. Class differences in support for parties of the left and right have usually been seen as a direct consequence of interests in income redistribution. The authors examine intervening variables that might explain the relation between class and vote, including attitudes toward redistribution and other economic issues and beliefs about the par…
Two Models of Class Voting
Until the late 1960s, most informed observers agreed with Pulzer's well-known claim that ‘class is the basis of British party politics; all else is embellishment and detail’. More recently, however, most analysts have come to believe that there has been a decline in the association between class and party choice, a development that is generally referred to as ‘class dealignment’. Nevertheless, several researchers have challenged this new consensu…
Regional differences in class dealignment
Toward Meritocracy? Changing Social-Class Differences in Intellectual Ability
Many observers believe that intellectual ability has become a more important determinant of occupational success in recent decades and that social-class differences in ability have consequently increased. This article examines changes in occupational-class differences in scores on a test of verbal ability for people born between the late 19th century and the 1960s. Contrary to the usual view, class differences have become smaller among people bor…
Race versus Class? Racial Composition and Class Voting, 1936-1992
Journal Article Race versus Class? Racial Composition and Class Voting, 1936–1992 Get access David L. Weakliem David L. Weakliem University of Connecticut Address all correspondence to David L. Weakliem, Department of Sociology, U-68, 344 Mansfield Rd., University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 75, Issue 3, March 1997, Pages 939–956, https://doi.org/…
The Secret Life of Class Voting
It is shown that since the 1950s, there has been little evidence of change in the voting patterns of most classes in France. However, farmers have clearly moved to the extreme right from the late 1950s onwards, thus producing a polarization in voting patterns between them and working class voters. The explanation for this rather specific over‐time variation is argued to lie not in social change but in the political strategies of the Gaullist move…
Rational Choice Theory and Large-Scale Data Analysis
Introduction The Relationship Between Rational Choice Theory and Large-Scale Data Analysis: Past Developments and Future Perspectives (Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Gerald Prein.) Linking Rational Choice Theory And Quantitative Sociology The Quantitative Analysis of Large-Scale Data Sets and Rational Action Theory: For a Sociological Alliance (John H. Goldthorpe.) The Influence of Simplification on Explananda: Phenomenon-Centered Versus Choice-Centere…
Reply to Firth and Kuha, Gelman and Rubin, Raftery, and Xie
Aids and Social Networks
Whereas many infectious diseases are spread through casual contact and contagion, HIV transmission results from risk behaviors that involve close and often intimate contact. As a result, the transmission of HIV is structured by the social relationships within which these contacts are embedded. Hence, social network analysis is especially suitable for understanding the AIDS epidemic. This paper reports the results of a field experiment that compar…
Region and Political Opinion in the Contemporary United States
Regional differences in political views are widely recognized but rarely studied. This article considers two theories of regional differences. The first suggests that differences will be reduced by familiarity and interregional contact. Hence, they will be smaller among the more educated and will decline with time. The second suggests that regional identity competes with ethnic and religious identities. Hence, regional differences will be smaller…
A Critique of the Bayesian Information Criterion for Model Selection
The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) has become a popular criterion for model selection in recent years. The BIC is intended to provide a measure of the weight of evidence favoring one model over another, or Bayes factor. It has, however, some important drawbacks that are not widely recognized. First, Bayes factors depend on prior beliefs about the expected distribution of parameter values, and there is no guarantee that the Bayes factor impl…
Class voting, social change, and the left in Australia, 1943-961
The relationship between class and voting choices has been the subject of controversy in recent years, especially in connection with the apparent decline of the traditional left. This paper examines class voting in Australia, focusing on three major issues: (1) changes in the overall strength of class voting (2) realignment, or changes in the relative political positions of the classes (3) the connection between the strength of class voting and s…
A new populism? The case of Patrick Buchanan
The Effects of Education on Political Opinions
Research has found that education is associated with more liberal opinions on a number of issues, but there is uncertainty about the scope and interpretation of these findings. This study investigates the effects of education using data from the 1990 World Values Survey, which includes 40 nations and covers a wide range of opinions. Multi‐level models are used to allow for national variation in the effects of education, including interactions wit…
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