Paul M Roman
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 110726 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Paul M Roman |
| PRENOMES | Paul M |
| SOBRENOME | Roman |
| ASSINATURA | ROMAN P M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Georgia |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 56 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 238 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 56 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1968 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
Evidence of alcohol use in human societies extends to the beginning of recorded history. Nearly all societies have discovered and used some form of beverage alcohol. The emergence of concepts of alcohol‐related problems in the form of alcoholism and repeated patterns of alcohol abuse is a social development of the past 500 years, especially the past 200 years. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are typically defined in a culture through the emergence o…
Examining Utilization of Family-Based Treatment in Substance Use Treatment Centers
The multiple benefits of family-based treatment (FBT) used in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment include increased treatment engagement, better treatment outcomes, and cost-effectiveness compared to other behavioral health treatment modalities. However, the prevalence and types of FBTs offered among SUD treatment facilities are largely unknown. The present study used data collected during 2009–2010 from 325 treatment centers in the United Sta…
Insurance Receipt and Readiness for Opportunities under the Affordable Care Act
This study measures the readiness of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment to use opportunities under the Affordable Care Act by examining Medicaid and private insurance acceptance between 2011 and 2013, as well as center characteristics associated with acceptance. Data for this study were from a random sample of SUD treatment centers in the United States. Interviews were conducted on site and face to face, with administrative and clinical direc…
Integration of Care in the Implementation of the Affordable Care Act
This study examined patterns of medicalization in substance use disorder (SUD) that are aligned with the goals of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Using a nationally representative sample of SUD treatment programs, we examined changes in several treatment domains. While observed changes were modest, they were in directions that support the thrust of the ACA. Specifically, we found an increase in the percentage of treatment referrals from other heal…
The United States’ Federal Parity Act and treatment of substance use disorders
Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
Evidence of alcohol use in human societies extends to the beginning of recorded history. Nearly all human societies have discovered and used some form of beverage alcohol (Heath, 2000). Ethanol, the genre of alcohol consumed by humans, occurs as a natural product of the fermentation of common foods. In decaying fruit, sugar converts to ethanol; likewise with grain, potatoes, milk, and honey where decay and fermentation move from starch to sugar t…
Exploring Massachusetts Health Care Reform Impact on Fee-for-Service-Funded Substance Use Disorder Treatment Providers
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is forecast to increase the demand for and utilization of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Massachusetts implemented health reforms similar to the ACA in 2006-2007 that included expanding coverage for SUD treatment. This study explored the impact of Massachusetts health reforms from 2007 to 2010 on SUD treatment providers in Massachusetts, who relied on fee-for-service billings for more than 50% of their reven…
Public Attitudes toward Persons with Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs)
For more than 60 years sociologists have examined public attitudes toward persons with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), but there is little recent data on this topic. Using responses to vignettes administered in a 2003 national computer-assisted telephone survey (N = 1394) of employed Americans, this paper examines three research questions: (1) How willing are Americans to interact with persons with AUDs? (2) How are preferences for social distance …
Modified Therapeutic Communities and Adherence to Traditional Elements
Traditional therapeutic communities (TCs) are characterized by confrontational group therapy, treatment phases, a tenure-based resident hierarchy, and long-term residential care. Many TCs have modified the structure and intensity of the traditional model, tailored services for specific client populations, and hired more professionally trained staff. This study examines the extent to which modified TCs are able to retain the underlying core techno…
Racial and Ethnic Composition as a Correlate of Medication Availability within Addiction Treatment Organizations
Most analyses of racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare focus on individuals rather than organizations. Healthcare organizations may be one mechanism that produces disparities if the representation of minorities within organizations' patient populations is associated with differential patterns of service delivery. This research considers whether the racial and ethnic composition of addiction treatment centers' caseloads is associated with th…
Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
Evidence of the presence of alcohol in human societies extends to the beginning of recorded history. Nearly all human societies have discovered and used some form of beverage alcohol (Heath 2000). Ethanol, the genre of alcohol consumed by humans, occurs as a natural product of the fermentation of common foods. In decaying fruit, sugar converts to ethanol, and likewise with grain and potatoes, where decay and fermentation move from starch to sugar…
Job stress and poor sleep quality
The Use of Antidepressant Medications in Substance Abuse Treatment
Many studies of innovation adoption in health care organizations focus either on organizational characteristics or the institutional environment, but not both. Furthermore, these perspectives are rarely employed simultaneously in both public and private health care organizations. This research considers the public-private distinction, organizational compatibility, and interorganizational referral relationships in the use of selective serotonin re…
Counselor Turnover in Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
This article draws on institutional and ecological perspectives on work and organizations to develop a workplace level model of variation in voluntary counselor turnover rates across privately funded substance abuse treatment centers in the United States. Results show that participatory management structures reduce turnover rates principally by promoting organizational commitment. The analysis also tests hypotheses regarding the effects on turnov…
Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intention in Human Service Occupations
Human services occupations are prone to high rates of burnout and turnover. These outcomes have adverse implications for service providers and the clients in their care. Several studies have assessed the structural causes and consequences of burnout and turnover, but little attention has been paid to the potentially protective role of coworker support. We estimate a structural equation model including job characteristics, coworker support, and wo…
Availability of Integrated Care for Co-occurring Substance Abuse and Psychiatric Conditions
Procedural Justice, Distributive Justice
Previous research demonstrates that both procedural justice and distributive justice are important predictors of work attitudes. This research, however, fails to examine conditions that affect the relative importance of each type of justice. Here we argue that prior experiences with regard to downsizing shape individuals' workplace schemas, which in turn affect the relative salience of each type of justice for organizational commitment. We test h…
A Changed America? The Effects of September 11th on Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Consumption
In the weeks following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, social commentators argued that America had profoundly 'changed.' In light of these arguments and the literature on disasters, we examine the immediate and longer-term mental health consequences of September 11th using a national sample of fulltime American workers. We model the effects of temporal proximity to the attacks on depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption, while con…
Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction
Race and Gender Differences in Workplace Autonomy
While many studies have focused on race and gender differences in monetary labor market rewards, few studies have used national samples to examine race and gender differences in nonmonetary labor process rewards. Utilizing multivariate analysis on data from the 1993 and 1997 National Employee Survey, the present study examines how race and gender interact in shaping workplace autonomy. We regress an index of autonomy on human capital, structural …
Rural and Urban Similarities and Differences in Private Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
Although previous research has considered the unique treatment needs of rural residents, little research has investigated the potential differences in the availability of treatment services in rural and urban areas. Using three waves of longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of privately-funded substance abuse treatment centers, this research compared rural and urban treatment centers with regard to the availability of clinical…
Organizational Compatibility and Workplace Drug Testing
Problem Drinking Patterns among African Americans
This research builds on a series of recent studies that have reported independent effects of personal experiences of racial discrimination on poor mental health outcomes. We suggest that for one mental health outcome, problem drinking, discrimination experiences have an impact not only via abridged socioeconomic attainment and the frustrations associated with institutionally limited opportunity structures, but also by directly increasing the like…
Downsizing Survival
Although downsizing has become a common feature of American workplaces, the existing literature has focused on the effects of how downsizing is conducted, rather than considering how downsizing affects the experience of work for downsizing survivors. Using data from the 1997 National Employee Survey and structural modeling techniques, this study compares downsizing survivors and workers unaffected by downsizing on a variety of sociodemographic in…
Gay Men, Drinking and Alcoholism
Alcohol use is an integral part of the gay world. According to some estimates, the rate of problem drinking is about three times higher among gays than in mainstream society, but few researchers have examined this phenomenon in depth. Thomas S. Weinberg s ethnographic study provides new insight into the role of drinking in the gay male Weinberg utilizes interviewing and participant observation techniques in a variety of drinking-related settings …
Problem Drinking Patterns among African Americans
This research builds on a series of recent studies that have reported independent effects of personal experiences of racial discrimination on poor mental health outcomes. We suggest that for one mental health outcome, problem drinking, discrimination experiences have an impact not only via abridged socioeconomic attainment and the frustrations associated with institutionally limited opportunity structures, but also by directly increasing the like…
A Changed America? The Effects of September 11th on Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Consumption
In the weeks following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, social commentators argued that America had profoundly 'changed.' In light of these arguments and the literature on disasters, we examine the immediate and longer-term mental health consequences of September 11th using a national sample of fulltime American workers. We model the effects of temporal proximity to the attacks on depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption, while con…
Job stress and poor sleep quality
Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intention in Human Service Occupations
Human services occupations are prone to high rates of burnout and turnover. These outcomes have adverse implications for service providers and the clients in their care. Several studies have assessed the structural causes and consequences of burnout and turnover, but little attention has been paid to the potentially protective role of coworker support. We estimate a structural equation model including job characteristics, coworker support, and wo…
Spirits and Demons at Work
The National Council on Alcoholism estimates that alcoholism costs employers some $10 billion a year in lost productivity. The figure can be taken with a grain of salt (or snifter of brandy) but nobody, least of all employers, questions the size of the problem. Drunkenness on the job contributes just a small part. Accidents, long lunch hours, absenteeism, irritability, sloppy work\p=m-\allfrequently have a common origin: fondness for the sauce. P…
Job Satisfaction, Job Reward Characteristics, and Employees' Problem Drinking Behaviors
Studies of job-based influences on employees' drinking have focused on the effects of structural and stress-producing features of jobs on alcohol consumption. Unexplored is the possibility of mediation of job-to-drinking effects via levels of job satisfaction. Using data from a large national probability sample of full-time workers, the current study tests a model that incorporates worker satisfaction as a mediating variable. Our analyses reveal …
Procedural Justice, Distributive Justice
Previous research demonstrates that both procedural justice and distributive justice are important predictors of work attitudes. This research, however, fails to examine conditions that affect the relative importance of each type of justice. Here we argue that prior experiences with regard to downsizing shape individuals' workplace schemas, which in turn affect the relative salience of each type of justice for organizational commitment. We test h…
Downsizing Survival
Although downsizing has become a common feature of American workplaces, the existing literature has focused on the effects of how downsizing is conducted, rather than considering how downsizing affects the experience of work for downsizing survivors. Using data from the 1997 National Employee Survey and structural modeling techniques, this study compares downsizing survivors and workers unaffected by downsizing on a variety of sociodemographic in…
Race and Gender Differences in Workplace Autonomy
While many studies have focused on race and gender differences in monetary labor market rewards, few studies have used national samples to examine race and gender differences in nonmonetary labor process rewards. Utilizing multivariate analysis on data from the 1993 and 1997 National Employee Survey, the present study examines how race and gender interact in shaping workplace autonomy. We regress an index of autonomy on human capital, structural …
Drinking to cope and self‐medication
This research extends recent studies of the relationship between characteristics of jobs and patterns of workers' alcohol consumption. Working within a ‘generalization perspective ’whereby job conditions are seen as having important effects on the mental health and behaviors of workers in non‐work settings, the current research derives and tests a model of four job‐related factors as they influence three aspects of alcohol use; the simple frequen…
Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction
Job Stress, Drinking Networks, and Social Support at Work
Most research examining the problem drinking behaviors of employees has sought to demonstrate that variation in alcohol consumption derives from nonrewarding or stressful aspects of modern work tha
Counselor Turnover in Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
This article draws on institutional and ecological perspectives on work and organizations to develop a workplace level model of variation in voluntary counselor turnover rates across privately funded substance abuse treatment centers in the United States. Results show that participatory management structures reduce turnover rates principally by promoting organizational commitment. The analysis also tests hypotheses regarding the effects on turnov…
Organizational Structure and Job Satisfaction
Popular and social scientific critiques of the bureaucratic model of organizational behavior argue that employment in highly structured, bureaucratic work organizations adversely affects worker attitudes and behavior. In particular, these critics suggest that bureaucratic structure is associated with lower employee job satisfaction. Several empirical studies, however, have yielded an unexpected positive relationship between bureaucratic structure…
Organizational Compatibility and Workplace Drug Testing
Racial and Ethnic Composition as a Correlate of Medication Availability within Addiction Treatment Organizations
Most analyses of racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare focus on individuals rather than organizations. Healthcare organizations may be one mechanism that produces disparities if the representation of minorities within organizations' patient populations is associated with differential patterns of service delivery. This research considers whether the racial and ethnic composition of addiction treatment centers' caseloads is associated with th…
Availability of Integrated Care for Co-occurring Substance Abuse and Psychiatric Conditions
Formal intervention in employee health
The Emergence of an Occupation
In 1958, Hughes developed a theory of the elements accompanying occupational emergence. This article focuses on defining and measuring the emergence and existence of an occupation. Practitioners in our study sample purvey employee assistance programs to the workplace. The jobs of 'occupational program consultants' (OPCs) were created largely with public funds during the 1970s. Now largely independent of public funding, the collectivity of OPCs of…
Employee Alcoholism and Assistance Programs
Systematic attention to alcohol abuse and other personal problems affecting work performance among faculty and staff is a recent innovation in higher education. Since 1975, four national conferences on this topic for college and university representatives have been held: attendance at these sessions indicates growing interest in programmatic strategies to deal with these problems. In this paper I describe the nature of organizationally based stra…
The Use of Antidepressant Medications in Substance Abuse Treatment
Many studies of innovation adoption in health care organizations focus either on organizational characteristics or the institutional environment, but not both. Furthermore, these perspectives are rarely employed simultaneously in both public and private health care organizations. This research considers the public-private distinction, organizational compatibility, and interorganizational referral relationships in the use of selective serotonin re…
The Social Transformation of Alcoholism Intervention
Terry C. Blum, Paul M. Roman, The Social Transformation of Alcoholism Intervention: Comparisons of Job Attitudes and Performance of Recovered Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Dec., 1985), pp. 365-378
The Sick Role, Labelling Theory, and the Deviant Drinker
Aging and Social Policy
Schizophrenia and the Poor
publication of the lectures in 1955. The reader is brought up to that moment by a discussion of the by now well-known Durham case (United States Court of Appeals for the District of Colum¬ bia, 1954, with Judge Bazelon presiding). There then follows a chapter of illustra¬ tive cases showing the wide gap between law and psychiatry. A bibliography and ample notes are available in this as in the original volume. While this slim volume may be of inte…
Sleep Deprivation, Drug Use, and Psychiatric Disorders
Spirits and Demons at Work
The National Council on Alcoholism estimates that alcoholism costs employers some $10 billion a year in lost productivity. The figure can be taken with a grain of salt (or snifter of brandy) but nobody, least of all employers, questions the size of the problem. Drunkenness on the job contributes just a small part. Accidents, long lunch hours, absenteeism, irritability, sloppy work\p=m-\allfrequently have a common origin: fondness for the sauce. P…
The Drinking Man
Life before Death
Sociological Perspectives on Community Mental Health
Integrating the Organization
Sociological Perspectives on Community Mental Health
Explorations in Psychiatric Sociology
Sociological Perspectives on Community Mental Health
Possible Effects of Using Alcohol to Control Distress
The influence of stabilizing hydrostatic pressure gradients on the drainage of a fractal porous medium is studied. The invasion process is treated with invasion percolation (IP) in a gradient. Fractality is mimicked by randomly closing bonds of a network. Two length scales govern the problem: the characteristic length of the pore structure xi(s) and a length scale xi(g) above which buoyancy determines the structure of the cluster. When xi(s)xi(g)…
The Dangers of a Clinical Report
Workers Who Drink
Employee Alcoholism and Assistance Programs
Systematic attention to alcohol abuse and other personal problems affecting work performance among faculty and staff is a recent innovation in higher education. Since 1975, four national conferences on this topic for college and university representatives have been held: attendance at these sessions indicates growing interest in programmatic strategies to deal with these problems. In this paper I describe the nature of organizationally based stra…
Alcohol Problems in Employment
The Social Transformation of Alcoholism Intervention
Terry C. Blum, Paul M. Roman, The Social Transformation of Alcoholism Intervention: Comparisons of Job Attitudes and Performance of Recovered Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Dec., 1985), pp. 365-378
Occupational Health Programmes for Alcoholism in the U.S. And Australia
Since the early 1970s work‐based interventions to deal with the emotional problems of workers arising from the workplace have emerged from the practitioner community. “Employee Assistance Programmes” (EAPs) have developed principally in the US and other English‐speaking cultures. A descriptive analysis of the emergence of EAPs in the US and the attempt by Australians to transfer this technology to Australia, the structure of that effort and appar…
The Social Transformation of Alcohol Treatment
Managerial Ideology and the Social Control of Deviance in Organizations
Formal intervention in employee health
The Emergence of an Occupation
In 1958, Hughes developed a theory of the elements accompanying occupational emergence. This article focuses on defining and measuring the emergence and existence of an occupation. Practitioners in our study sample purvey employee assistance programs to the workplace. The jobs of 'occupational program consultants' (OPCs) were created largely with public funds during the 1970s. Now largely independent of public funding, the collectivity of OPCs of…
Community Surveys of Psychiatric Disorders
Drinking to cope and self‐medication
This research extends recent studies of the relationship between characteristics of jobs and patterns of workers' alcohol consumption. Working within a ‘generalization perspective ’whereby job conditions are seen as having important effects on the mental health and behaviors of workers in non‐work settings, the current research derives and tests a model of four job‐related factors as they influence three aspects of alcohol use; the simple frequen…
Psychology (40 obras) · Political science (24 obras) · Psychiatry (22 obras) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (22 obras) · Medicine (21 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Employment and Welfare Studies (10 obras) · Business (9 obras) · Economics (9 obras)