D L Simms
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1122933 |
|---|---|
| NOME | D L Simms |
| PRENOMES | D L |
| SOBRENOME | Simms |
| ASSINATURA | SIMMS D L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 20 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 7 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 20 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1977 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2001 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
David Gregory on Newton's burning mirror
On the basis of the accessible surviving evidence, liberally interpreted, an earlier paper described Newton's burning mirror and assessed its effectiveness. 1 A hitherto unnoticed source in David Gregory's Memoranda has provided a little more information, which generally confirms the earlier account, but modifies one or two conjectures 2 (see Appendix). In addition, the originality of Newton's idea for the mirror is examined and the fate of the m…
Pan's Travail
Pan's Travail
396 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE nology component is not one of them. After its guise here as the reproduction of others’ ideas, the history of technology in Noble’s newest approach may take the form of the production of his own ideas. The result will be technological, but it may not be historical. B. B. Price Dr. Price is currently researching and teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, on leave from York University. Her ar…
Keepers of the Flame
194 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE explaining entire systems or useful objects that cannot be easily grasped. How valid are the thesis and method? One cannot but feel a lurking skepticism, if only because Petroski’s infinity of change is as inconceivable as the finiteness of Plato’s ideal table and chair. But if nothing else, Petroski reminds us not only to pay attention to the commonplace things of our culture but to look critically at how …
Keepers of the Flame
Archimedes as an Advertising Symbol
The Cover Design ARCHIMEDES AS AN ADVERTISING SYMBOL D.J. BRYDEN AND D.L. SIMMS The numbering of houses in the streets of London commenced during the latter half of the 18th century. Before that, traders relied on signs to identify their whereabouts. In the 1670s John Yarwell, sometime Master of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers, adopted “Archimedes” as his business sign at premises in St. Paul’s Churchyard and from the 1690s in Ludgate …
Galen on Archimedes
A house was once burnt down in the following manner-there was a store of pigeon dung, already rotting and heated and sending up steam and painfully hot to the touch. Near this, and in contact with it, was a window with woodwork recently coated with plenty of pine resin. So the strong sun of midsummer struck and set on fire the resin and the woodwork: thence some other doors and windows nearby also coated with resin. Easily started, the fire sprea…
The Health and Safety of Workers
TECHNOLOGY AND CULT URE Book Reviews 149 knowledge” (p. 134). Neither they, nor any of the policy analysts, university administrators, or government officials they talked with, seem to have given any thought to what such a shift in orientation might mean for the quality and character of university science. Back at the turn of the last century, in The Higher Learning in America, Thorstein Veblen warned of the dangers to American universities of em…
The Trail for Archimedes's Tomb
The Health and Safety of Workers
Scientists are generally expected to make professional judgements about hazards in the workplace independently of partisan interests and politics. Yet the history of occupational health and safety shows that their judgements are often influenced by social, economic, and political factors totally beyond the realm of science. In this volume, three case studies - lead, coal, and asbestos - are used to explore the role of scientists in the discovery …
Brighter than how many suns? Sir Isaac Newton’s burning mirror
There are a number of references in the scientific literature to a burning mirror designed by Sir Isaac Newton (1). Together, they record that it was made from seven separate concave glasses, each about a foot in diameter, that Newton demonstrated its effects at several meetings of the Royal Society and that he presented it to the Society. Nonetheless, neither the earliest published list of instruments possessed by the Royal Society nor the most …
A Problem for Archimedes
Communications “A PROBLEM FOR ARCHIMEDES” To the Editor: The expression ιτρόβλεμα Άρχίμήδιον, “a problem for Archi medes,” meaning something very difficult, appears to have been well enough understood in Cicero’s day for him to use it in two letters to Atticus without any explanation. That expression must have survived a thousand years in the Greco-Roman world, since the Byzantine writer Tzetzes, who did not claim direct acquaintance with Cicero…
Archimedes' Weapons of War and Leonardo
Leonardo's fascination with Archimedes as well as with his mathematics is well known. There are three fairly extensive and eccentric comments in the surviving notebooks: on his military inventions; on his part in an Anglo-Spanish conflict and on his activities, death and burial at the siege of Syracuse. Reti has examined the first of the three, that about the Architronito or steam cannon, mainly considering the origin of the idea for the cannon a…
Criteria for Technological Choice
This paper examines the question of what factors determine whether a hazardous activity is ‘acceptable’. We conclude that there is no simple answer to this question which can be derived from risk analysis, but that qualitative criteria can be developed to help decisionmakers evaluate risk analysis results. A preliminary set of criteria is proposed
Archimedes and the Invention of Artillery and Gunpowder
The part that Archimedes' weapons played in the defense of Syracuse was fully attested by Polybius (Histories, 8:2:3.2-8.4) and repeated with some variations by Livy (Ab Urbe Condita, 24:34) and Plutarch (Vitae, 14:7). While some have felt that their accounts were overromanticized, more have considered that the descriptions were accurate and within the capacity of Hellenistic technology.' Later and less reliable authors added the weapon of fire-i…
Normal Accidents
Water-Driven Saws in Late Antiquity
subject.' It concerns the difficulty left unresolved therein of how the circular motion of the waterwheel was converted into power to operate the saw. The earliest surviving solution to this problem, that drawn by Villard de Honnecourt in the 12th century, and the later ones, notably those devised by Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Leonardo da Vinci in the 15th, all use the cam and lever or the crank and converter.2 Neither of these methods is k…
Antiquity to the Renaissance - Ivo Schneider, ‘Archimedes’ Erträge der Forschung, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Darmstadt, 1979
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Water-Driven Saws, Ausonius, and the Authenticity of the Mosella
DR. SIMMS, a member of the United Kingdom Department of Environment, is concerned with the development of environmental protection policies within the United Kingdom and the European community. He is indebted to Miss Jane Bishop for reading the manuscript critically and to Professor Lynn White, jr., for his helpful suggestions. He wishes also to thank Professor Stanley Bowie of Strathclyde University for being kind enough to reminisce about Dr. C…
Archimedes and the Burning Mirrors of Syracuse
Marcellus besieging Syracuse in 212 B.C. with burning mirrors is frequently found in scientific and historical literature, and almost every generation of scientists seems challenged to prove or disprove it. A spirited exchange of views has recently appeared in Applied Optics,' and during that same period, journals in the United States and the United Kingdom have publicized the claims of a Greek scientist that his experiments have shown that Archi…
Archimedes as an Advertising Symbol
The Cover Design ARCHIMEDES AS AN ADVERTISING SYMBOL D.J. BRYDEN AND D.L. SIMMS The numbering of houses in the streets of London commenced during the latter half of the 18th century. Before that, traders relied on signs to identify their whereabouts. In the 1670s John Yarwell, sometime Master of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers, adopted “Archimedes” as his business sign at premises in St. Paul’s Churchyard and from the 1690s in Ludgate …
Archimedes and the Burning Mirrors of Syracuse
Marcellus besieging Syracuse in 212 B.C. with burning mirrors is frequently found in scientific and historical literature, and almost every generation of scientists seems challenged to prove or disprove it. A spirited exchange of views has recently appeared in Applied Optics,' and during that same period, journals in the United States and the United Kingdom have publicized the claims of a Greek scientist that his experiments have shown that Archi…
Archimedes and the Invention of Artillery and Gunpowder
The part that Archimedes' weapons played in the defense of Syracuse was fully attested by Polybius (Histories, 8:2:3.2-8.4) and repeated with some variations by Livy (Ab Urbe Condita, 24:34) and Plutarch (Vitae, 14:7). While some have felt that their accounts were overromanticized, more have considered that the descriptions were accurate and within the capacity of Hellenistic technology.' Later and less reliable authors added the weapon of fire-i…
Water-Driven Saws in Late Antiquity
subject.' It concerns the difficulty left unresolved therein of how the circular motion of the waterwheel was converted into power to operate the saw. The earliest surviving solution to this problem, that drawn by Villard de Honnecourt in the 12th century, and the later ones, notably those devised by Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Leonardo da Vinci in the 15th, all use the cam and lever or the crank and converter.2 Neither of these methods is k…
Water-Driven Saws, Ausonius, and the Authenticity of the Mosella
DR. SIMMS, a member of the United Kingdom Department of Environment, is concerned with the development of environmental protection policies within the United Kingdom and the European community. He is indebted to Miss Jane Bishop for reading the manuscript critically and to Professor Lynn White, jr., for his helpful suggestions. He wishes also to thank Professor Stanley Bowie of Strathclyde University for being kind enough to reminisce about Dr. C…
Archimedes and the Burning Mirrors of Syracuse
Marcellus besieging Syracuse in 212 B.C. with burning mirrors is frequently found in scientific and historical literature, and almost every generation of scientists seems challenged to prove or disprove it. A spirited exchange of views has recently appeared in Applied Optics,' and during that same period, journals in the United States and the United Kingdom have publicized the claims of a Greek scientist that his experiments have shown that Archi…
Water-Driven Saws, Ausonius, and the Authenticity of the Mosella
DR. SIMMS, a member of the United Kingdom Department of Environment, is concerned with the development of environmental protection policies within the United Kingdom and the European community. He is indebted to Miss Jane Bishop for reading the manuscript critically and to Professor Lynn White, jr., for his helpful suggestions. He wishes also to thank Professor Stanley Bowie of Strathclyde University for being kind enough to reminisce about Dr. C…
Antiquity to the Renaissance - Ivo Schneider, ‘Archimedes’ Erträge der Forschung, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Darmstadt, 1979
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Water-Driven Saws in Late Antiquity
subject.' It concerns the difficulty left unresolved therein of how the circular motion of the waterwheel was converted into power to operate the saw. The earliest surviving solution to this problem, that drawn by Villard de Honnecourt in the 12th century, and the later ones, notably those devised by Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Leonardo da Vinci in the 15th, all use the cam and lever or the crank and converter.2 Neither of these methods is k…
Normal Accidents
Criteria for Technological Choice
This paper examines the question of what factors determine whether a hazardous activity is ‘acceptable’. We conclude that there is no simple answer to this question which can be derived from risk analysis, but that qualitative criteria can be developed to help decisionmakers evaluate risk analysis results. A preliminary set of criteria is proposed
Archimedes and the Invention of Artillery and Gunpowder
The part that Archimedes' weapons played in the defense of Syracuse was fully attested by Polybius (Histories, 8:2:3.2-8.4) and repeated with some variations by Livy (Ab Urbe Condita, 24:34) and Plutarch (Vitae, 14:7). While some have felt that their accounts were overromanticized, more have considered that the descriptions were accurate and within the capacity of Hellenistic technology.' Later and less reliable authors added the weapon of fire-i…
Archimedes' Weapons of War and Leonardo
Leonardo's fascination with Archimedes as well as with his mathematics is well known. There are three fairly extensive and eccentric comments in the surviving notebooks: on his military inventions; on his part in an Anglo-Spanish conflict and on his activities, death and burial at the siege of Syracuse. Reti has examined the first of the three, that about the Architronito or steam cannon, mainly considering the origin of the idea for the cannon a…
Brighter than how many suns? Sir Isaac Newton’s burning mirror
There are a number of references in the scientific literature to a burning mirror designed by Sir Isaac Newton (1). Together, they record that it was made from seven separate concave glasses, each about a foot in diameter, that Newton demonstrated its effects at several meetings of the Royal Society and that he presented it to the Society. Nonetheless, neither the earliest published list of instruments possessed by the Royal Society nor the most …
A Problem for Archimedes
Communications “A PROBLEM FOR ARCHIMEDES” To the Editor: The expression ιτρόβλεμα Άρχίμήδιον, “a problem for Archi medes,” meaning something very difficult, appears to have been well enough understood in Cicero’s day for him to use it in two letters to Atticus without any explanation. That expression must have survived a thousand years in the Greco-Roman world, since the Byzantine writer Tzetzes, who did not claim direct acquaintance with Cicero…
The Health and Safety of Workers
TECHNOLOGY AND CULT URE Book Reviews 149 knowledge” (p. 134). Neither they, nor any of the policy analysts, university administrators, or government officials they talked with, seem to have given any thought to what such a shift in orientation might mean for the quality and character of university science. Back at the turn of the last century, in The Higher Learning in America, Thorstein Veblen warned of the dangers to American universities of em…
The Trail for Archimedes's Tomb
The Health and Safety of Workers
Scientists are generally expected to make professional judgements about hazards in the workplace independently of partisan interests and politics. Yet the history of occupational health and safety shows that their judgements are often influenced by social, economic, and political factors totally beyond the realm of science. In this volume, three case studies - lead, coal, and asbestos - are used to explore the role of scientists in the discovery …
Galen on Archimedes
A house was once burnt down in the following manner-there was a store of pigeon dung, already rotting and heated and sending up steam and painfully hot to the touch. Near this, and in contact with it, was a window with woodwork recently coated with plenty of pine resin. So the strong sun of midsummer struck and set on fire the resin and the woodwork: thence some other doors and windows nearby also coated with resin. Easily started, the fire sprea…
Archimedes as an Advertising Symbol
The Cover Design ARCHIMEDES AS AN ADVERTISING SYMBOL D.J. BRYDEN AND D.L. SIMMS The numbering of houses in the streets of London commenced during the latter half of the 18th century. Before that, traders relied on signs to identify their whereabouts. In the 1670s John Yarwell, sometime Master of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers, adopted “Archimedes” as his business sign at premises in St. Paul’s Churchyard and from the 1690s in Ludgate …
Keepers of the Flame
194 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE explaining entire systems or useful objects that cannot be easily grasped. How valid are the thesis and method? One cannot but feel a lurking skepticism, if only because Petroski’s infinity of change is as inconceivable as the finiteness of Plato’s ideal table and chair. But if nothing else, Petroski reminds us not only to pay attention to the commonplace things of our culture but to look critically at how …
Keepers of the Flame
Pan's Travail
Pan's Travail
396 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE nology component is not one of them. After its guise here as the reproduction of others’ ideas, the history of technology in Noble’s newest approach may take the form of the production of his own ideas. The result will be technological, but it may not be historical. B. B. Price Dr. Price is currently researching and teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, on leave from York University. Her ar…
David Gregory on Newton's burning mirror
On the basis of the accessible surviving evidence, liberally interpreted, an earlier paper described Newton's burning mirror and assessed its effectiveness. 1 A hitherto unnoticed source in David Gregory's Memoranda has provided a little more information, which generally confirms the earlier account, but modifies one or two conjectures 2 (see Appendix). In addition, the originality of Newton's idea for the mirror is examined and the fate of the m…
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