Michael S Morgan
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 112659 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Michael S Morgan |
| PRENOMES | Michael S |
| SOBRENOME | Morgan |
| ASSINATURA | MORGAN M S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | London School of Economics and Political Science |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3471-2180 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 208 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
On a mission”
When newly independent states in Africa set out to make their own economies in the 1960s, they did so under the label of “planning,” a generic term denoting economic policy-making to create the economic future. This planning was guided by international experts, sent “on missions” to help, or perhaps oversee, local economists in what was seen then as an expert, technocratic process. Nigeria offers an important example of this technocracy at work, …
Narrative in Economics
Narratives have drawn increasing attention from economists and from historians and philosophers of science. Yet little of that attention has made it into the history of economics itself. This essay reviews some of the salient literature on economic narratives and introduces key themes from a 2021 workshop intended to bring that analysis to bear within the history of economics. Four important, but little noticed, functions of narratives emerging f…
Narrative Science
Narrative Science examines the use of narrative in scientific research over the last two centuries. It brings together an international group of scholars who have engaged in intense collaboration to find and develop crucial cases of narrative in science. Motivated and coordinated by the Narrative Science project, funded by the European Research Council, this volume offers integrated and insightful essays examining cases that run the gamut from ge…
Travelers' Tales
As historians of economics, we are most used to dealing with the finished work of economists: the written words, diagrams, and math of those we study. Sometimes we are lucky enough to have research notes, diaries, or oral interviews, or to attend seminars. These are valuable resources from which we can learn more directly (than from their published pieces) how our subjects think about doing economics as they are doing it—or at least, very soon af…
Narrative Inference with and without Statistics
This article investigates the role played by narrative in drawing inferences from statistics before the adoption of formal inference regimes in economics. Two well-known, and exemplary, cases of informal inference provide the materials. Nikolai Kondratiev’s struggles to make inferences about the existence of his “long waves” from heaps of statistics in the 1920s contrast sharply with Thomas Robert Malthus’s confident account of demographic-econom…
Inducing Visibility and Visual Deduction
Scientists use diagrams not just to visualize objects and relations in their fields, both empirical and theoretical, but to reason with them as tools of their science. While the two dimensional space of diagrams might seem restrictive, scientific diagrams can depict many more than two elements, can be used to visualize the same materials in myriad different ways, and can be constructed in a considerable variety of forms. This article takes up two…
If p ? Then What?’ Thinking within, with, and from cases
The provocative paper by John Forrester ‘If p, Then What? Thinking in Cases’ (1996) opened up the question of case thinking as a separate mode of reasoning in the sciences. Case-based reasoning is certainly endemic across a number of sciences, but it has looked different according to where it has been found. This article investigates this mode of science – namely thinking in cases – by questioning the different interpretations of ‘If p?’ and expl…
Measuring Difference? The United Nations' Shift from Progress to Poverty
This article examines how the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) redefined their idea of development over the two decades from 1990, no longer presenting it as only a matter of economic progress but instead focusing more on the problem of poverty and its reduction. This change of definition was closely associated with changes in the preferred measurement of development, from average income (based on national income accounting) to the propo…
Technocratic Economics
Twentieth-century economics has been characterized as developing an engineering mentality, but this history suggests the importance of distinguishing between a design approach and a problem-solving approach. The former is to be found in economists tasked with reconstructing broken economies (from war or depression) as well as creating "modern" economies in postwar developmental states. The latter is marked by the development of engineering-type t…
Deidealization
Deidealization as a topic in its own right has attracted remarkably little philosophical interest despite the extensive literature on idealization. One reason for this is the often implicit assumption that idealization and deidealization are, potentially at least, reversible processes. We question this assumption by analyzing the challenges of deidealization within a menu of four broad categories: deidealizing as recomposing, deidealizing as refo…
Exemplification and the use-values of cases and case studies
This paper provides an account of the 'use-value' of case-based research by showing how social scientists exploit cases, and case studies, in a variety of practices of inference and extension. The critical basis for making such extensions relies on the power of a case, or the account given of a case (the case-study account), to exemplify certain features of the social world in ways which prove valuable for further analysis: either of the same cas…
Measuring Development-from the UN's Perspective
Recipes for creating development have changed radically since the international community first thought to intervene in such historical processes soon after World War II. During this time, views about how to measure development have also changed dramatically, moving from relatively simple to relatively complex measurement systems. This article charts these changes using both the oral interview histories and retrospective book accounts given by th…
Econometrics, History of
Resituating Knowledge
This paper addresses the problem of how scientific knowledge, which is always locally generated, becomes accepted in other sites. The analysis suggests that there are a small number of strategies that enable scientists to resituate knowledge and that these strategies are generic: they are not restricted to specific disciplines or modes of doing science but rather are found in a variety of different forms across the sciences
Nature’s Experiments and Natural Experiments in the Social Sciences
This article explores the characteristics of research sites that scientists have called “natural experiments” to understand and develop usable distinctions for the social sciences between “Nature’s or Society’s experiments” and “natural experiments.” In this analysis, natural experiments emerge as the retro-fitting by social scientists of events that have happened in the social world into the traditional forms of field or randomized trial experim…
How Well Do Facts Travel?
The World in the Model
During the last two centuries, the way economic science is done has changed radically: it has become a social science based on mathematical models in place of words. This book describes and analyses that change - both historically and philosophically - using a series of case studies to illuminate the nature and the implications of these changes. It is not a technical book; it is written for the intelligent person who wants to understand how econo…
Case Studies
Critiques of case studies as an epistemic genre usually focus on the domain of justification and hinge on comparisons with statistics and laboratory experiments. In this domain, case studies can be defended by the notion of “infirming”: they use many different bits of evidence, each of which may independently “infirm” the account. Yet their efficacy may be more powerful in the domain of discovery, in which these same different bits of evidence mu…
Observation and Observing in Economics
Two themes are generative for revealing and understanding the history of observation in economics. First, we argue for the importance of noting that observation is an activity as well as a result, and second that observation is no more identical with quantification than observing is with measuring. These two themes enable us to discuss different historical dimensions of the ways in which economists have observed their economies and so enlarge our…
Seeking Parts, Looking for Wholes
Afterword
The Curious Case of the Prisoner’s Dilemma
Experiments versus models
A comparison of models and experiments supports the argument that although both function as mediators and can be understood to work in an experimental mode, experiments offer greater epistemic power than models as a means to investigate the economic world. This outcome rests on the distinction that whereas experiments are versions of the real world captured within an artificial laboratory environment, models are artificial worlds built to represe…
Imagination and Imaging in Model Building
Modelling became one of the primary tools of mathematical economic research in the twentieth century, but when we look at examples of how nonanalogical models were first built in economics, both the process of making representations and aspects of the representing relation remain opaque. Like early astronomers, economists have to imagine how the hidden parts of their world are arranged and to make images, that is, create models, to represent how …
Timing History
L’introduction de graphiques temporels dans la pensée économique britannique du XIXème siècle a été permise par une nouvelle initialisation du temps historique, qui se présente désormais sous la forme d’événements comparables, mesurables, et standardisés. Pourtant, les économistes classiques anglais du début du XIXème siècle percevaient l’histoire de manière très différente, comme un ensemble d’événements hétérogènes et complexes, les statistique…
American Economics
The Foundations of Econometric Analysis
Journal Article The Foundations of Econometric Analysis Get access The Foundations of Econometric Analysis. Edited by (DAVID F.) Hendry and (MARY S.) Morgan. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xvi + 558. £40.00 hardback, US $59.95 hardback. ISBN 0 521 38043 X.) Christopher L. Gilbert Christopher L. Gilbert Queen Mary and Westfield College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Econ…
Resituating Knowledge
This paper addresses the problem of how scientific knowledge, which is always locally generated, becomes accepted in other sites. The analysis suggests that there are a small number of strategies that enable scientists to resituate knowledge and that these strategies are generic: they are not restricted to specific disciplines or modes of doing science but rather are found in a variety of different forms across the sciences
Case Studies
Critiques of case studies as an epistemic genre usually focus on the domain of justification and hinge on comparisons with statistics and laboratory experiments. In this domain, case studies can be defended by the notion of “infirming”: they use many different bits of evidence, each of which may independently “infirm” the account. Yet their efficacy may be more powerful in the domain of discovery, in which these same different bits of evidence mu…
Competing Notions of "Competition" in Late Nineteenth-Century American Economics
Research Article| November 01 1993 Competing Notions of "Competition" in Late Nineteenth-Century American Economics Mary S. Morgan Mary S. Morgan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (1993) 25 (4): 563–604. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-25-4-563 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools I…
Nature’s Experiments and Natural Experiments in the Social Sciences
This article explores the characteristics of research sites that scientists have called “natural experiments” to understand and develop usable distinctions for the social sciences between “Nature’s or Society’s experiments” and “natural experiments.” In this analysis, natural experiments emerge as the retro-fitting by social scientists of events that have happened in the social world into the traditional forms of field or randomized trial experim…
Deidealization
Deidealization as a topic in its own right has attracted remarkably little philosophical interest despite the extensive literature on idealization. One reason for this is the often implicit assumption that idealization and deidealization are, potentially at least, reversible processes. We question this assumption by analyzing the challenges of deidealization within a menu of four broad categories: deidealizing as recomposing, deidealizing as refo…
If p ? Then What?’ Thinking within, with, and from cases
The provocative paper by John Forrester ‘If p, Then What? Thinking in Cases’ (1996) opened up the question of case thinking as a separate mode of reasoning in the sciences. Case-based reasoning is certainly endemic across a number of sciences, but it has looked different according to where it has been found. This article investigates this mode of science – namely thinking in cases – by questioning the different interpretations of ‘If p?’ and expl…
Timing History
L’introduction de graphiques temporels dans la pensée économique britannique du XIXème siècle a été permise par une nouvelle initialisation du temps historique, qui se présente désormais sous la forme d’événements comparables, mesurables, et standardisés. Pourtant, les économistes classiques anglais du début du XIXème siècle percevaient l’histoire de manière très différente, comme un ensemble d’événements hétérogènes et complexes, les statistique…
Exemplification and the use-values of cases and case studies
This paper provides an account of the 'use-value' of case-based research by showing how social scientists exploit cases, and case studies, in a variety of practices of inference and extension. The critical basis for making such extensions relies on the power of a case, or the account given of a case (the case-study account), to exemplify certain features of the social world in ways which prove valuable for further analysis: either of the same cas…
Making Measuring Instruments
Research Article| December 01 2001 Making Measuring Instruments Mary S. Morgan Mary S. Morgan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (2001) 33 (Suppl_1): 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-33-Suppl_1-235 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Mary S. Morgan; Making Measuring Instruments. History of Political Economy 1 December 2001; 33 (Suppl_1): 235–251. do…
Observation and Observing in Economics
Two themes are generative for revealing and understanding the history of observation in economics. First, we argue for the importance of noting that observation is an activity as well as a result, and second that observation is no more identical with quantification than observing is with measuring. These two themes enable us to discuss different historical dimensions of the ways in which economists have observed their economies and so enlarge our…
Narrative in Economics
Narratives have drawn increasing attention from economists and from historians and philosophers of science. Yet little of that attention has made it into the history of economics itself. This essay reviews some of the salient literature on economic narratives and introduces key themes from a 2021 workshop intended to bring that analysis to bear within the history of economics. Four important, but little noticed, functions of narratives emerging f…
Measuring Development-from the UN's Perspective
Recipes for creating development have changed radically since the international community first thought to intervene in such historical processes soon after World War II. During this time, views about how to measure development have also changed dramatically, moving from relatively simple to relatively complex measurement systems. This article charts these changes using both the oral interview histories and retrospective book accounts given by th…
Imagination and Imaging in Model Building
Modelling became one of the primary tools of mathematical economic research in the twentieth century, but when we look at examples of how nonanalogical models were first built in economics, both the process of making representations and aspects of the representing relation remain opaque. Like early astronomers, economists have to imagine how the hidden parts of their world are arranged and to make images, that is, create models, to represent how …
Seeking Parts, Looking for Wholes
The Reader's Essential Non-Guide to The Age of Economic Measurement
Research Article| December 01 2001 The Reader's Essential Non-Guide to The Age of Economic Measurement Judy L. Klein; Judy L. Klein Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Mary S. Morgan Mary S. Morgan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (2001) 33 (Suppl_1): 3. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-33-Suppl_1-3 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permis…
Trend Effects and Gender Differences in Retrospective Judgments of Consumption Emotions
A field study performed at the end of multiday hospital stays investigated trend effects on retrospective global judgments of emotions. Subjects (43 women and 50 men) reported instances of their positive and negative emotions, retrospective global judgments of these emotions, and satisfaction with hospital services. Retrospective global judgments of positive and negative emotions were a positive function of the increase or decrease of the instanc…
Marketplace Morals and the American Economists
Research Article| January 01 1994 Marketplace Morals and the American Economists: The Case of John Bates Clark Mary S. Morgan Mary S. Morgan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (1994) 26 (suppl_1): 227–252. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-1994-suppl_1015 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Mary S. Morgan; Marketplace Morals and the American Economists: The C…
The History of Econometric Ideas
Journal Article The History of Econometric Ideas: Historical Perspectives on Modern Economics Get access The History of Econometric Ideas: Historical Perspectives on Modern Economics. By MARY S. MORGAN (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xv+ 296. £25.00 hardback, US $44.50 hardback, ISBN 0521 373980) Edmond Malinvaud Edmond Malinvaud College de France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scho…
Measuring Difference? The United Nations' Shift from Progress to Poverty
This article examines how the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) redefined their idea of development over the two decades from 1990, no longer presenting it as only a matter of economic progress but instead focusing more on the problem of poverty and its reduction. This change of definition was closely associated with changes in the preferred measurement of development, from average income (based on national income accounting) to the propo…
The Technology of Analogical Models
Mary Hesse's well-known work on models and analogies gives models a creative role to play in science, which rests on developing certain analogical properties considered neutral between the two fields. Case study material from Irving Fisher's work ( The Purchasing Power of Money , 1911), in which he used analogies to construct models of monetary relations and the monetary system, highlights certain omissions in Hesse's account. The analysis points…
Trust in Numbers
Cognitive strategies, field dependence, and the abstraction process
Technocratic Economics
Twentieth-century economics has been characterized as developing an engineering mentality, but this history suggests the importance of distinguishing between a design approach and a problem-solving approach. The former is to be found in economists tasked with reconstructing broken economies (from war or depression) as well as creating "modern" economies in postwar developmental states. The latter is marked by the development of engineering-type t…
Cognitive strategies, field dependence, and the abstraction process
Episodic Components of Concept Representation Indicated in Concept Acquisition
Subjects were given concept-learning tasks in a series of three experiments, with stimuli containing descriptions of persons along four dimensions. A series of test trials, with stimuli including those presented earlier as well as new stimuli, followed the learning task. Subjects in all three experiments classified old concept exemplars more rapidly than new exemplars on test trials. This result held despite the fact that new exemplars were equal…
The History of Econometric Ideas
The History of Econometric Ideas covers the period from the late-nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century, illustrating how economists first learnt to harness statistical methods to measure and test the 'laws' of economics. Though scholarly, Dr Morgan's book is very accessible and does not require a high level of prior statistical knowledge.
Regulating a New Economy
The History of Econometric Ideas
The History of Econometric Ideas covers the period from the late-nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century, illustrating how economists first learnt to harness statistical methods to measure and test the 'laws' of economics. Though scholarly, Dr Morgan's book is very accessible and does not require a high level of prior statistical knowledge
The History of Econometric Ideas
Journal Article The History of Econometric Ideas: Historical Perspectives on Modern Economics Get access The History of Econometric Ideas: Historical Perspectives on Modern Economics. By MARY S. MORGAN (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xv+ 296. £25.00 hardback, US $44.50 hardback, ISBN 0521 373980) Edmond Malinvaud Edmond Malinvaud College de France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scho…
The History of Econometric Ideas
Competing Notions of "Competition" in Late Nineteenth-Century American Economics
Research Article| November 01 1993 Competing Notions of "Competition" in Late Nineteenth-Century American Economics Mary S. Morgan Mary S. Morgan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (1993) 25 (4): 563–604. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-25-4-563 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools I…
Chance Subdued by Science
Marketplace Morals and the American Economists
Research Article| January 01 1994 Marketplace Morals and the American Economists: The Case of John Bates Clark Mary S. Morgan Mary S. Morgan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (1994) 26 (suppl_1): 227–252. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-1994-suppl_1015 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Mary S. Morgan; Marketplace Morals and the American Economists: The C…
Inferring the Order of the Choice Process Using Consumer Purchase Histories
The small-sample properties of the multinomial runs (MR) test, which is often used to test for effects of previous brand choices on current brand-choice probabilities, are explored in this article through a Monte Carlo study of different buyer-level brand-choice probability models. The power and the actual size of this test, under a null hypothesis of no previous brand-choice effects, are shown to depend on the nature of the true underlying model…
The Foundations of Econometric Analysis
Journal Article The Foundations of Econometric Analysis Get access The Foundations of Econometric Analysis. Edited by (DAVID F.) Hendry and (MARY S.) Morgan. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xvi + 558. £40.00 hardback, US $59.95 hardback. ISBN 0 521 38043 X.) Christopher L. Gilbert Christopher L. Gilbert Queen Mary and Westfield College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Econ…
Trust in Numbers
Trend Effects and Gender Differences in Retrospective Judgments of Consumption Emotions
A field study performed at the end of multiday hospital stays investigated trend effects on retrospective global judgments of emotions. Subjects (43 women and 50 men) reported instances of their positive and negative emotions, retrospective global judgments of these emotions, and satisfaction with hospital services. Retrospective global judgments of positive and negative emotions were a positive function of the increase or decrease of the instanc…
The Technology of Analogical Models
Mary Hesse's well-known work on models and analogies gives models a creative role to play in science, which rests on developing certain analogical properties considered neutral between the two fields. Case study material from Irving Fisher's work ( The Purchasing Power of Money , 1911), in which he used analogies to construct models of monetary relations and the monetary system, highlights certain omissions in Hesse's account. The analysis points…
Mesothelioma Surveillance to Locate Sources of Exposure to Asbestos
American Economics
Models as mediating instruments
Models are one of the critical instruments of modern science. We know that models function in a variety of different ways within the sciences to help us to learn not only about theories but also about the world. So far, however, there seems to be no systematic account of how they operate in both of these domains. The semantic view as discussed in the previous chapter does provide some analysis of the relationship between models and theories and t…
Making Measuring Instruments
Research Article| December 01 2001 Making Measuring Instruments Mary S. Morgan Mary S. Morgan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (2001) 33 (Suppl_1): 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-33-Suppl_1-235 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Mary S. Morgan; Making Measuring Instruments. History of Political Economy 1 December 2001; 33 (Suppl_1): 235–251. do…
The Reader's Essential Non-Guide to The Age of Economic Measurement
Research Article| December 01 2001 The Reader's Essential Non-Guide to The Age of Economic Measurement Judy L. Klein; Judy L. Klein Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Mary S. Morgan Mary S. Morgan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (2001) 33 (Suppl_1): 3. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-33-Suppl_1-3 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permis…
Timing History
L’introduction de graphiques temporels dans la pensée économique britannique du XIXème siècle a été permise par une nouvelle initialisation du temps historique, qui se présente désormais sous la forme d’événements comparables, mesurables, et standardisés. Pourtant, les économistes classiques anglais du début du XIXème siècle percevaient l’histoire de manière très différente, comme un ensemble d’événements hétérogènes et complexes, les statistique…
Imagination and Imaging in Model Building
Modelling became one of the primary tools of mathematical economic research in the twentieth century, but when we look at examples of how nonanalogical models were first built in economics, both the process of making representations and aspects of the representing relation remain opaque. Like early astronomers, economists have to imagine how the hidden parts of their world are arranged and to make images, that is, create models, to represent how …
Experiments versus models
A comparison of models and experiments supports the argument that although both function as mediators and can be understood to work in an experimental mode, experiments offer greater epistemic power than models as a means to investigate the economic world. This outcome rests on the distinction that whereas experiments are versions of the real world captured within an artificial laboratory environment, models are artificial worlds built to represe…
Afterword
The Curious Case of the Prisoner’s Dilemma
Computer Science (22 obras) · Economics (22 obras) · Philosophy (19 obras) · Economic Theory and Institutions (18 obras) · Epistemology (17 obras) · Political science (15 obras) · Sociology (14 obras) · History (11 obras) · Philosophy and History of Science (11 obras) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (10 obras)