Carl Sauer
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 113767 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Carl Sauer |
| PRENOMES | Carl |
| SOBRENOME | Sauer |
| ASSINATURA | SAUER C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Bielefeld University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8090-6886 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 31 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 260 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 31 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1922 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
The East–West Gap in Pay Fairness Perceptions Converged Between 2009 and 2023
This study investigates regional differences in pay fairness perceptions among employees in eastern and western Germany from 2009 to 2023. Using longitudinal data from the Socio-Economic Panel study, the analysis reveals substantial initial disparities: Employees in eastern Germany perceive their gross earnings as more unfair than employees in western Germany do. Over time, however, these regional differences diminish. Analyses stratified by wage…
The gender gap in fair earnings
Research has consistently shown that lower earnings for women and higher earnings for men are generally regarded as fair by both women and men. Previous research has focused on structural factors to explain this phenomenon, but has neglected proximate relationships at work. This study examines how the supervisors’ gender relates to employees’ justice attitudes toward the earnings of men and women. We draw on data from two waves of a German employ…
The gender gap in fair earnings increases with age due to higher age premium for men
This study explores how gender and age interact in shaping beliefs about fair pay through a factorial survey experiment conducted with German employees. Respondents evaluated hypothetical worker descriptions varying in age, gender, and earnings. While no gender gap in fair earnings was found for the youngest hypothetical workers, a significant gap favoring men emerged with increasing age. This suggests that male workers receive a higher age premi…
Pay Justice and Pay Satisfaction
This study compares two pay evaluations: pay justice and pay satisfaction. Conceptually, pay justice entails a moral assessment and is more specific to work, whereas pay satisfaction is a broader attitude that includes non-work-related factors. We analyzed German employee data and found overall similarity in determinants but differences in proximity to work contexts. Pay satisfaction was more strongly associated with private pay comparisons and s…
Unjust Income Inequality Prevails Across 29 Countries
The aim of this visualization is to describe justice evaluations of income inequality from a cross-country perspective for more than 72,000 respondents in 29 countries. The analyses were based on data from two large, cross-country survey programs. The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) asked for an evaluation of the overall income distribution, and the European Social Survey (ESS) asked for justice evaluations of both bottom and top inc…
Mobility, Inequality, and Beliefs About Distribution and Redistribution
Classic theory has long been interested in mobility, but with limited attention to the implications of intergenerational movement for inequality-specific beliefs. In this article, we introduce a dynamic conception and modeling of the impact of intergenerational occupational mobility on inequality orientations generally and distributive and redistributive beliefs in particular. The diagonal models we employ using 2008–2010 General Social Survey sa…
An experimental test of Situational Action Theory of crime causation
Categorical Distinctions and Claims-Making
In this article, we examine wage negotiations as a specific instance of claims-making, predicting that the capacity to make a claim is first a function of the position, rather than the person, and that lower-status actors-women, migrants, fixed-term, part-time, and unskilled workers-are all more likely to be in positions where negotiation is not possible. At the same time, subordinate-status actors may be less likely to make claims even where neg…
Gender Bias in Justice Evaluations of Earnings
Previous studies in sociological justice research have found mixed results on the gender bias in justice evaluations of earnings. Some studies report a just gender pay gap favoring men; others do not find this gap. This study investigates the gender bias in justice evaluations by linking it to the inequality structure in which people are embedded. The empirical analyses are based on three factorial survey studies that consist of fictitious full-t…
Rules, Relations, and Work
Classic theory is ambiguous regarding what is most meaningful for workers and workplaces. Are bureaucratic rules most consequential by providing predictability, as suggested by Weber, or problematic, owing to assaults on autonomy? And what of proximate social relations, seen as fundamental in ethnographic, resistance, and justice accounts? This article’s analyses, which draw on a unique sample of approximately 2,500 German workers across heteroge…
Rejoinder to Karen Lutfey Spencer
Why Should Women Get Less? Evidence on the Gender Pay Gap from Multifactorial Survey Experiments
Gender pay gaps likely persist in Western societies because both men and women consider somewhat lower earnings for female employees than for otherwise similar male employees to be fair. Two different theoretical approaches explain "legitimate" wage gaps: same-gender referent theory and reward expectations theory. The first approach states that women compare their lower earnings primarily with that of other underpaid women; the second approach ar…
Sociology of Justice
Determinants of just earnings
Welche Lohnungleichheiten sind gerecht
The influence of patients' immigration background and residence permit status on treatment decisions in health care. Results of a factorial survey among general practitioners in Switzerland
Unfair Pay and Health
While there is ample evidence that income inequalities influence individuals’ health status, the mechanisms behind this income inequality–health correlation are only partially understood. This study shows that inequalities evaluated on the basis of individual perceptions of injustice are a driving force behind this connection. Two main questions are addressed: Does perceiving one’s earnings as unfair affect physical health? Do such perceptions co…
Using Factorial Surveys to Study Justice Perceptions
Incentives and Inhibitors of Abusing Academic Positions
In a web-based survey, we presented university students (n = 2,287) with vignettes in which they had to decide whether to abuse the position of student assistant for personal gain. Referring to the existing literature, we tested whether the emergence of corruption increases when benefits from corruption and the probability of the occurrence of those benefits rise and whether corruption decreases when costs and the probability of their occurrence …
Soziologische Gerechtigkeitsanalyse. Überlegungen zur theoretischen Fundierung eines Forschungsfeldes
During the last years the focus of sociological justice research has been on the measurement of justice attitudes of the people outside the laboratory via large scale and internationally comparative surveys. Within these surveys one attempt has been to identify the social determinants and the consequences of individual justice attitudes. However, the theoretical foundation of this research within exiting sociological theories and concepts has bee…
Less is Sometimes More
The justice of earnings in dual-earner households
Die wahrgenommene Gerechtigkeit des eigenen Erwerbseinkommens
Colima of New Spain in the Sixteenth Century
Agriculture of the American Indians
Why Should Women Get Less? Evidence on the Gender Pay Gap from Multifactorial Survey Experiments
Gender pay gaps likely persist in Western societies because both men and women consider somewhat lower earnings for female employees than for otherwise similar male employees to be fair. Two different theoretical approaches explain "legitimate" wage gaps: same-gender referent theory and reward expectations theory. The first approach states that women compare their lower earnings primarily with that of other underpaid women; the second approach ar…
Categorical Distinctions and Claims-Making
In this article, we examine wage negotiations as a specific instance of claims-making, predicting that the capacity to make a claim is first a function of the position, rather than the person, and that lower-status actors-women, migrants, fixed-term, part-time, and unskilled workers-are all more likely to be in positions where negotiation is not possible. At the same time, subordinate-status actors may be less likely to make claims even where neg…
Unfair Pay and Health
While there is ample evidence that income inequalities influence individuals’ health status, the mechanisms behind this income inequality–health correlation are only partially understood. This study shows that inequalities evaluated on the basis of individual perceptions of injustice are a driving force behind this connection. Two main questions are addressed: Does perceiving one’s earnings as unfair affect physical health? Do such perceptions co…
Determinants of just earnings
Rules, Relations, and Work
Classic theory is ambiguous regarding what is most meaningful for workers and workplaces. Are bureaucratic rules most consequential by providing predictability, as suggested by Weber, or problematic, owing to assaults on autonomy? And what of proximate social relations, seen as fundamental in ethnographic, resistance, and justice accounts? This article’s analyses, which draw on a unique sample of approximately 2,500 German workers across heteroge…
Less is Sometimes More
Welche Lohnungleichheiten sind gerecht
Incentives and Inhibitors of Abusing Academic Positions
In a web-based survey, we presented university students (n = 2,287) with vignettes in which they had to decide whether to abuse the position of student assistant for personal gain. Referring to the existing literature, we tested whether the emergence of corruption increases when benefits from corruption and the probability of the occurrence of those benefits rise and whether corruption decreases when costs and the probability of their occurrence …
The justice of earnings in dual-earner households
Using Factorial Surveys to Study Justice Perceptions
Gender Bias in Justice Evaluations of Earnings
Previous studies in sociological justice research have found mixed results on the gender bias in justice evaluations of earnings. Some studies report a just gender pay gap favoring men; others do not find this gap. This study investigates the gender bias in justice evaluations by linking it to the inequality structure in which people are embedded. The empirical analyses are based on three factorial survey studies that consist of fictitious full-t…
The influence of patients' immigration background and residence permit status on treatment decisions in health care. Results of a factorial survey among general practitioners in Switzerland
Die wahrgenommene Gerechtigkeit des eigenen Erwerbseinkommens
Colima of New Spain in the Sixteenth Century
Unjust Income Inequality Prevails Across 29 Countries
The aim of this visualization is to describe justice evaluations of income inequality from a cross-country perspective for more than 72,000 respondents in 29 countries. The analyses were based on data from two large, cross-country survey programs. The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) asked for an evaluation of the overall income distribution, and the European Social Survey (ESS) asked for justice evaluations of both bottom and top inc…
The Ancient Mimbreños based on Investigations at the Mattocks Ruin, Mimbres Valley, New Mexico
Pay Justice and Pay Satisfaction
This study compares two pay evaluations: pay justice and pay satisfaction. Conceptually, pay justice entails a moral assessment and is more specific to work, whereas pay satisfaction is a broader attitude that includes non-work-related factors. We analyzed German employee data and found overall similarity in determinants but differences in proximity to work contexts. Pay satisfaction was more strongly associated with private pay comparisons and s…
An experimental test of Situational Action Theory of crime causation
The gender gap in fair earnings increases with age due to higher age premium for men
This study explores how gender and age interact in shaping beliefs about fair pay through a factorial survey experiment conducted with German employees. Respondents evaluated hypothetical worker descriptions varying in age, gender, and earnings. While no gender gap in fair earnings was found for the youngest hypothetical workers, a significant gap favoring men emerged with increasing age. This suggests that male workers receive a higher age premi…
Soziologische Gerechtigkeitsanalyse. Überlegungen zur theoretischen Fundierung eines Forschungsfeldes
During the last years the focus of sociological justice research has been on the measurement of justice attitudes of the people outside the laboratory via large scale and internationally comparative surveys. Within these surveys one attempt has been to identify the social determinants and the consequences of individual justice attitudes. However, the theoretical foundation of this research within exiting sociological theories and concepts has bee…
Ancient Settlement in Mexican Sonora
On the Northern Frontier of New Spain
Geography and Historical Geography
Geography and Historical Geography
A Physiographic Study in Southern California
On the Northern Frontier of New Spain
The Ancient Mimbreños based on Investigations at the Mattocks Ruin, Mimbres Valley, New Mexico
Ancient Settlement in Mexican Sonora
Asia and Oceania
Agriculture of the American Indians
Colima of New Spain in the Sixteenth Century
The justice of earnings in dual-earner households
Die wahrgenommene Gerechtigkeit des eigenen Erwerbseinkommens
Soziologische Gerechtigkeitsanalyse. Überlegungen zur theoretischen Fundierung eines Forschungsfeldes
During the last years the focus of sociological justice research has been on the measurement of justice attitudes of the people outside the laboratory via large scale and internationally comparative surveys. Within these surveys one attempt has been to identify the social determinants and the consequences of individual justice attitudes. However, the theoretical foundation of this research within exiting sociological theories and concepts has bee…
Less is Sometimes More
Incentives and Inhibitors of Abusing Academic Positions
In a web-based survey, we presented university students (n = 2,287) with vignettes in which they had to decide whether to abuse the position of student assistant for personal gain. Referring to the existing literature, we tested whether the emergence of corruption increases when benefits from corruption and the probability of the occurrence of those benefits rise and whether corruption decreases when costs and the probability of their occurrence …
Unfair Pay and Health
While there is ample evidence that income inequalities influence individuals’ health status, the mechanisms behind this income inequality–health correlation are only partially understood. This study shows that inequalities evaluated on the basis of individual perceptions of injustice are a driving force behind this connection. Two main questions are addressed: Does perceiving one’s earnings as unfair affect physical health? Do such perceptions co…
Using Factorial Surveys to Study Justice Perceptions
Sociology of Justice
Determinants of just earnings
Welche Lohnungleichheiten sind gerecht
The influence of patients' immigration background and residence permit status on treatment decisions in health care. Results of a factorial survey among general practitioners in Switzerland
Rejoinder to Karen Lutfey Spencer
Why Should Women Get Less? Evidence on the Gender Pay Gap from Multifactorial Survey Experiments
Gender pay gaps likely persist in Western societies because both men and women consider somewhat lower earnings for female employees than for otherwise similar male employees to be fair. Two different theoretical approaches explain "legitimate" wage gaps: same-gender referent theory and reward expectations theory. The first approach states that women compare their lower earnings primarily with that of other underpaid women; the second approach ar…
Rules, Relations, and Work
Classic theory is ambiguous regarding what is most meaningful for workers and workplaces. Are bureaucratic rules most consequential by providing predictability, as suggested by Weber, or problematic, owing to assaults on autonomy? And what of proximate social relations, seen as fundamental in ethnographic, resistance, and justice accounts? This article’s analyses, which draw on a unique sample of approximately 2,500 German workers across heteroge…
Gender Bias in Justice Evaluations of Earnings
Previous studies in sociological justice research have found mixed results on the gender bias in justice evaluations of earnings. Some studies report a just gender pay gap favoring men; others do not find this gap. This study investigates the gender bias in justice evaluations by linking it to the inequality structure in which people are embedded. The empirical analyses are based on three factorial survey studies that consist of fictitious full-t…
Categorical Distinctions and Claims-Making
In this article, we examine wage negotiations as a specific instance of claims-making, predicting that the capacity to make a claim is first a function of the position, rather than the person, and that lower-status actors-women, migrants, fixed-term, part-time, and unskilled workers-are all more likely to be in positions where negotiation is not possible. At the same time, subordinate-status actors may be less likely to make claims even where neg…
Mobility, Inequality, and Beliefs About Distribution and Redistribution
Classic theory has long been interested in mobility, but with limited attention to the implications of intergenerational movement for inequality-specific beliefs. In this article, we introduce a dynamic conception and modeling of the impact of intergenerational occupational mobility on inequality orientations generally and distributive and redistributive beliefs in particular. The diagonal models we employ using 2008–2010 General Social Survey sa…
Political science (17 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Economics (13 obras) · Social Psychology (13 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Earnings (10 obras) · Demographic economics (9 obras) · Geography (9 obras) · Economic Justice (8 obras) · Law (8 obras)