John W Howard
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 114400 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John W Howard |
| PRENOMES | John W |
| SOBRENOME | Howard |
| ASSINATURA | HOWARD J W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6521-9228 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 168 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1960 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Moderating Synthetic Content
Artificially generated content threatens to seriously disrupt the public sphere. Generative AI massively facilitates the production of convincing portrayals of fabricated events. We have already begun to witness the spread of synthetic misinformation, political propaganda, and non-consensual intimate deepfakes. Malicious uses of the new technologies can only be expected to proliferate over time. In the face of this threat, social media platforms …
Ambiguous Threats
In a recent case, a Facebook user in Iran posted “death to Khamenei,” which the platform removed as a violation of its policy against threats and incitement. Facebook ultimately overturned the decision on the grounds that the speech, while contravening its rules, was newsworthy. Yet the company’s Oversight Board offered a distinct rationale for allowing the post: “death to Khamenei” was not a threat or an incitement at all, but rather a rhetorica…
Remove or Reduce
How should social media platforms respond to harmful speech? For some content, platforms respond by removing it. But for other content, platforms allow the speech to be posted, but reduce its distribution throughout their networks to reduce its visibility. This second technique— demotion —is swiftly becoming one of the most significant ways in which our communications are governed. Yet it strikingly remains normatively undertheorized. This articl…
Evaluative attitude in action
Evaluation students need a sense of how the expertise they bring and the knowledge and skills they are learning relate to the tasks of evaluation and to their own ongoing professional development. Within the Master of Evaluation and the Graduate Certificate in Evaluation at The University of Melbourne’s Assessment and Evaluation Research Centre (formerly the Centre for Program Evaluation), students use an evaluator competencies self-assessment to…
Criminal Wrongdoing, Restorative Justice, and the Moral Standing of Unjust States
Terror, Hate and the Demands of Counter-Speech
It is a familiar mantra of American politics that the best response to dangerous speech that incites violence and spreads hate is ‘more speech’. Yet the principle obscures at least three crucial questions. Who, in particular, is to undertake the counter-speech that the doctrine recommends? What, exactly, are they required to do? And why is it morally justified to demand that they do it? This article argues that if citizens are to rely on counter-…
Dangerous Speech
Free Speech and Hate Speech
Should hate speech be banned? This article contends that the debate on this question must be disaggregated into discrete analytical stages, lest its participants continue to talk past one another. The first concerns the scope of the moral right to freedom of expression, and whether hate speech falls within the right's protective ambit. If it does, hate speech bans are necessarily unjust. If not, we turn to the second stage, which assesses whether…
The public role of ethics and public policy
Defending broad neutrality
This paper interrogates Cécile Laborde’s account of the proper role of religion in the liberal state. It begins by examining Laborde’s claims that prevailing liberals are not committed to broad neutrality about the good, but rather only restricted neutrality about the good—and that they are right to do so. It argues against Laborde on both exegetical and substantive grounds. It then turns to Laborde’s minimalist conception of secularism, accordin…
Laborde, liberalism, and religion
In this introduction, we provide a brief overview of the debate on religion in political philosophy. We present the main arguments defended by Cécile Laborde in Liberalism’s Religion and explain how these arguments contribute to the debate
The labors of justice
Why value democracy? One familiar answer is that democracy expresses respect for citizens, whereas non-democratic modes of governance insultingly express disrespect. Recent work has subjected this view to substantial criticism, raising serious doubts about its plausibility. This article contends that prevailing objections succeed only because they target implausible interpretations of this view, according to which the wrong of political exclusion…
Moral Subversion and Structural Entrapment
In 1984, the U.S. Congress enacted the Child Protection Act, which made it a crime to purchase sexually explicit images of children.Prior to the Act's passage, a man named Keith Jacobson had mail-ordered two Bare Boys magazines from a bookstore
The Instability of Democratic Contractarianism
Democratic contractarianism aspires to unite two previously unconnected strands in political philosophy: a democratic commitment to a social world in which citizens wield equal power; and a contractarian commitment to a strictly prudential justification of political morality. It is argued in this article that the commitment to democratic equality is theoretically unmotivated and risks limiting the applicability of the view to societies in which e…
Democracy as the Search for Justice
This article advances a partially epistemic justification of democratic authority by defending what David Estlund has called the democracy/contractualism analogy: the idea that democracy can track justice due to crucial similarities between effective democratic politics and the hypothetical deliberations employed by contractualist liberals to explicate or construct correct principles of justice. According to this analogy, the collective decision …
Punishment, Socially Deprived Offenders, and Democratic Community
The Fallen Woman Archetype
In April 2004 revelations of the torture and abuse scandal at Abu Ghraib detention center in Iraq created a strategic and media crisis for the U.S. military. Media coverage focused on Private Lynndie England and framed her personal and professional behaviors via the fallen woman and warrior hero archetypes. We argue that England's media construction obfuscates military culpability for the events at Abu Ghraib, preserves patriarchal militarism, an…
Tower, Am I Cleared to Land
Journal Article “Tower, Am I Cleared to Land?”: Problematic Communication in Aviation Discourse Get access John W. Howard, III John W. Howard, III 1School of Communication, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858 1John W. Howard; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Human Communication Research, Volume 34, Issue 3, 1 July 2008, Pages 370–391, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.00325.x Published: 01…
Designing the embassy of the future
Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System
Journal Article Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System: A Study of the Second, Fifth, and District of Columbia Circuits Get access Howard J. WoodfordJr., Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System: A Study of the Second, Fifth, and District of Columbia Circuits. Princeton, N. J: Princeton University Press, 1981. xxv, 415 pp. $32.50. John W. Johnson John W. Johnson Clemson University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford…
Celestial Haze
Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System
Courts of Appeals were designed to be a unifying force in American law and politics, but they also contribute to decentralization and regionalization of federal law. Woodford Howard studies three aspects of this problem: first, what binds the highly decentralized federal courts into a judicial system; second, what controls the discretion of judges in making law and policy; and third, how can quality judicial decisions be maintained under heavy-vo…
Social categorization and memory for in-group and out-group behavior
From individual to group impressions
Role Perceptions and Behavior in Three U.S. Courts of Appeals
From individual to group impressions
Free Speech and Hate Speech
Should hate speech be banned? This article contends that the debate on this question must be disaggregated into discrete analytical stages, lest its participants continue to talk past one another. The first concerns the scope of the moral right to freedom of expression, and whether hate speech falls within the right's protective ambit. If it does, hate speech bans are necessarily unjust. If not, we turn to the second stage, which assesses whether…
Role Perceptions and Behavior in Three U.S. Courts of Appeals
On the Fluidity of Judicial Choice
Within the past decade, a significant change has occurred in political science literature about the judiciary. The central questions have shifted from public law concerns-what is the law and its value?-to a primary focus on decision-making and process-how and why courts decide what they do, and with what political effects? The Supreme Court still dominates professional attention, but a host of new research techniques (jurimetrics and socializatio…
Moral Subversion and Structural Entrapment
In 1984, the U.S. Congress enacted the Child Protection Act, which made it a crime to purchase sexually explicit images of children.Prior to the Act's passage, a man named Keith Jacobson had mail-ordered two Bare Boys magazines from a bookstore
Terror, Hate and the Demands of Counter-Speech
It is a familiar mantra of American politics that the best response to dangerous speech that incites violence and spreads hate is ‘more speech’. Yet the principle obscures at least three crucial questions. Who, in particular, is to undertake the counter-speech that the doctrine recommends? What, exactly, are they required to do? And why is it morally justified to demand that they do it? This article argues that if citizens are to rely on counter-…
The Fallen Woman Archetype
In April 2004 revelations of the torture and abuse scandal at Abu Ghraib detention center in Iraq created a strategic and media crisis for the U.S. military. Media coverage focused on Private Lynndie England and framed her personal and professional behaviors via the fallen woman and warrior hero archetypes. We argue that England's media construction obfuscates military culpability for the events at Abu Ghraib, preserves patriarchal militarism, an…
Tower, Am I Cleared to Land
Journal Article “Tower, Am I Cleared to Land?”: Problematic Communication in Aviation Discourse Get access John W. Howard, III John W. Howard, III 1School of Communication, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858 1John W. Howard; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Human Communication Research, Volume 34, Issue 3, 1 July 2008, Pages 370–391, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.00325.x Published: 01…
Litigation Flow in Three United States Courts of Appeals
United States courts of appeals were created over four decades ago to help the Supreme Court enforce the supremacy' and uniformity of federal law. Until recently, however, their actual operations and functions in the American polity have received scant description and analysis (Carington, 1969: 542; Dolbeare, 1969: 373-404; Goldman and Jahnige, 1971; Richardson and Vines, 1970; Schick, 1970). This paper is a preliminary report of data gathered to…
Dangerous Speech
Judicial Biography and the Behavioral Persuasion
This paper appraises the relationship between judicial biography and judicial behavior research in two ways: (1) conceptually, by comparing them as modes of inquiry; and (2) empirically, by making an inventory of the behavioral content of 15. leading judicial biographies. The central theme is that judicial biographies and judicial behavior research are complementary. Conceptually, they have important common premises and problems as well as major …
The Instability of Democratic Contractarianism
Democratic contractarianism aspires to unite two previously unconnected strands in political philosophy: a democratic commitment to a social world in which citizens wield equal power; and a contractarian commitment to a strictly prudential justification of political morality. It is argued in this article that the commitment to democratic equality is theoretically unmotivated and risks limiting the applicability of the view to societies in which e…
Democracy as the Search for Justice
This article advances a partially epistemic justification of democratic authority by defending what David Estlund has called the democracy/contractualism analogy: the idea that democracy can track justice due to crucial similarities between effective democratic politics and the hypothetical deliberations employed by contractualist liberals to explicate or construct correct principles of justice. According to this analogy, the collective decision …
Celestial Haze
Social categorization and memory for in-group and out-group behavior
Criminal Wrongdoing, Restorative Justice, and the Moral Standing of Unjust States
Laborde, liberalism, and religion
In this introduction, we provide a brief overview of the debate on religion in political philosophy. We present the main arguments defended by Cécile Laborde in Liberalism’s Religion and explain how these arguments contribute to the debate
Frank Murphy and the sit‐down strikes of 1937
On the Fluidity of Judicial Choice
Within the past decade, a significant change has occurred in political science literature about the judiciary. The central questions have shifted from public law concerns-what is the law and its value?-to a primary focus on decision-making and process-how and why courts decide what they do, and with what political effects? The Supreme Court still dominates professional attention, but a host of new research techniques (jurimetrics and socializatio…
Mr. Justice Murphy, a Political Biography
Mr. Justice Murphy
Journal Article Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography. By J. Woodford Howard, Jr. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968. x + 578 pp. Illustrations, notes, appendix, and index. $12.50.) Get access Alfred H. Kelly Alfred H. Kelly Wayne State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 56, Issue 1, June 1969, Pages 179–180, https://doi.org/10.2307/1902129 Publishe…
Mr. Justice Murphy
Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography Howard J. WoodfordJr., Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography. Princeton, New Jersey. Princeton University Press, 1968. vii , 578 p. $12.50. Robert M. Spector Robert M. Spector Professor Constitutional History Worcester State College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 14, Issue 2, April 1970, Pages 184–187, https://doi.org/…
Mr. Justice Murphy
Judicial Biography and the Behavioral Persuasion
This paper appraises the relationship between judicial biography and judicial behavior research in two ways: (1) conceptually, by comparing them as modes of inquiry; and (2) empirically, by making an inventory of the behavioral content of 15. leading judicial biographies. The central theme is that judicial biographies and judicial behavior research are complementary. Conceptually, they have important common premises and problems as well as major …
The Modern Supreme Court. Robert G. McCloskey
Litigation Flow in Three United States Courts of Appeals
United States courts of appeals were created over four decades ago to help the Supreme Court enforce the supremacy' and uniformity of federal law. Until recently, however, their actual operations and functions in the American polity have received scant description and analysis (Carington, 1969: 542; Dolbeare, 1969: 373-404; Goldman and Jahnige, 1971; Richardson and Vines, 1970; Schick, 1970). This paper is a preliminary report of data gathered to…
Law enforcement in an urban society
Role Perceptions and Behavior in Three U.S. Courts of Appeals
From individual to group impressions
Social categorization and memory for in-group and out-group behavior
Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System
Courts of Appeals were designed to be a unifying force in American law and politics, but they also contribute to decentralization and regionalization of federal law. Woodford Howard studies three aspects of this problem: first, what binds the highly decentralized federal courts into a judicial system; second, what controls the discretion of judges in making law and policy; and third, how can quality judicial decisions be maintained under heavy-vo…
Celestial Haze
Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System
Journal Article Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System: A Study of the Second, Fifth, and District of Columbia Circuits Get access Howard J. WoodfordJr., Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System: A Study of the Second, Fifth, and District of Columbia Circuits. Princeton, N. J: Princeton University Press, 1981. xxv, 415 pp. $32.50. John W. Johnson John W. Johnson Clemson University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford…
Designing the embassy of the future
The Fallen Woman Archetype
In April 2004 revelations of the torture and abuse scandal at Abu Ghraib detention center in Iraq created a strategic and media crisis for the U.S. military. Media coverage focused on Private Lynndie England and framed her personal and professional behaviors via the fallen woman and warrior hero archetypes. We argue that England's media construction obfuscates military culpability for the events at Abu Ghraib, preserves patriarchal militarism, an…
Tower, Am I Cleared to Land
Journal Article “Tower, Am I Cleared to Land?”: Problematic Communication in Aviation Discourse Get access John W. Howard, III John W. Howard, III 1School of Communication, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858 1John W. Howard; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Human Communication Research, Volume 34, Issue 3, 1 July 2008, Pages 370–391, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.00325.x Published: 01…
Punishment, Socially Deprived Offenders, and Democratic Community
Moral Subversion and Structural Entrapment
In 1984, the U.S. Congress enacted the Child Protection Act, which made it a crime to purchase sexually explicit images of children.Prior to the Act's passage, a man named Keith Jacobson had mail-ordered two Bare Boys magazines from a bookstore
The Instability of Democratic Contractarianism
Democratic contractarianism aspires to unite two previously unconnected strands in political philosophy: a democratic commitment to a social world in which citizens wield equal power; and a contractarian commitment to a strictly prudential justification of political morality. It is argued in this article that the commitment to democratic equality is theoretically unmotivated and risks limiting the applicability of the view to societies in which e…
Democracy as the Search for Justice
This article advances a partially epistemic justification of democratic authority by defending what David Estlund has called the democracy/contractualism analogy: the idea that democracy can track justice due to crucial similarities between effective democratic politics and the hypothetical deliberations employed by contractualist liberals to explicate or construct correct principles of justice. According to this analogy, the collective decision …
The labors of justice
Why value democracy? One familiar answer is that democracy expresses respect for citizens, whereas non-democratic modes of governance insultingly express disrespect. Recent work has subjected this view to substantial criticism, raising serious doubts about its plausibility. This article contends that prevailing objections succeed only because they target implausible interpretations of this view, according to which the wrong of political exclusion…
The public role of ethics and public policy
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