Charles Pavitt
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 114615 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Charles Pavitt |
| PRENOMES | Charles |
| SOBRENOME | Pavitt |
| ASSINATURA | PAVITT C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Delaware |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 20 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 62 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 20 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2016 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Realism
Realism is an epistemological position that, when applied to science, implies that theoretical terms refer to actual entities, structures, and processes, whether directly observable or not. The general notion has been expanded into a larger approach to the philosophy of science, scientific realism, in which guise it can be contrasted with both empiricism and relativism. Scientific realistic ideas are central to explanations for psychological and …
Group Communication During Resource Dilemmas
Previous theory and research implies that increasing the size of groups facing resource dilemmas results in poorer outcomes, but no previous study has allowed for communication among group members. The present study relates group size with communication content, task outcomes, and participant perceptions of their experience. With communication, actual group size was irrelevant; to the extent that groups chose to cooperate, outcomes were more equa…
A Sympathetic Reaction to the SM and DLCM as Group Communication Theories
I see that in the first paragraph of his essay, Dean Hewes (2009) has given me credit both for understanding the implications of the socioegocentric model (SM) and for adopting its basic logic in past work. To the extent that this assertion is true, it is a product of my academic heritage, as during our joint time at the University of Wisconsin (1976 through 1981), I as graduate student and Hewes as professor, I had constant opportunities, both i…
Communication During Resource Dilemmas
A resource dilemma is a circumstance in which an aggregate of people share a slowly replenishing “resource pool” out of which each person can “harvest” a significant amount at any time. In the first study in which the content of relevant discussion is analyzed, participants experienced an experimental simulation of a resource dilemma with either of two replenishment rates. As hypothesized, the higher replenishment rate, in comparison to the lower…
Theory–data interaction from the standpoint of scientific realism
This author is in general agreement with the arguments in Bostrom's () essay concerning theory–data interaction. Nevertheless, an examination of the issues raised in the essay from the standpoint of scientific realism lead to two different conclusions. First, the opening rationale is based on a nondefensible distinction between empiricists and interpretivists. Second, debates among paradigms are based on real ontological and epistemological diffe…
Why We Still Have to Be Reductionists About Group Memory
Groups do not, in general, pool their members' knowledge successfully. This can be generalized to the point that groups perform more poorly than the sum of their members' individual potential in most tasks with objectively-measurable standards of performance. In this closing essay of the colloquy, I discuss some matters inspired by the essays responding to my original argument, most notably the status of baseline models and the importance of rese…
Colloquy
Recent examples of research about group processes melding individual-cognitive and social communicative factors have resulted in the application of concepts relevant to individual cognition to groups as a whole. Although based on a helpful metaphor, the practice risks resurrecting discredited “group mind” concepts. One particular concept, “transactive memory system,” implies that a group can “know” all of the knowledge of its individual members. …
Scheidel and Crowell revisited
In a landmark study, Scheidel and Crowell (1964) found evidence of two previously undescribed group discussional phenomena, “reach-testing,” or short sequences in which group members make, discuss, and evaluate a single proposal before moving on to another, and “spiraling,” or re-appearances later in discussion of proposals that had received positive evaluations when first discussed. The goal of the study reported here is to evaluate the generali…
Answering Questions Requesting Scientific Explanations for Communication
Journal Article Answering Questions Requesting Scientific Explanations for Communication Get access Charles Pavitt Charles Pavitt 1Charles Pavitt is associate professor of communication at the University of Delaware. This paper is a distant descendant of an essay on similar issues presented at the 1989 Temple University Conference on Discourse Analysis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Communication Theory,…
The Third Way
Journal Article The Third Way: Scientific Realism and Communication Theory Get access Charles Pavitt Charles Pavitt 1Charles Pavitt is associate professor of communication at the University of Delaware. His main research interests are in communication in formal interpersonal settings, and the relevance of philosophy of science for communication theory. This essay is much the better for the input from this journal's editor and reviewers. Search fo…
The Third Way
Several commentators have distinguished between two general philosophies of science, “logical empiricism” and “perspectivism,” and implied that communication theorists who use quantitative social scientific methods are, as a consequence, logical empiricists. This dichotomy ignores a third position, “scientific realism,” which is dominant in current philosophy of science. This essay distinguishes these three major philosophic movements and advance…
Melding the objective and subjective sides of leadership
This examination tests whether “inferential” models are capable of predicting group members' leadership—relevant judgments and evaluations of one another after a group discussion. Results in samples of both standing and zero‐history groups showed that judgments of communicative behaviors strongly predicted judgments of the communicator's traits and that both behavioral and trait judgments strongly predicted leadership evaluations. However, measur…
An Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Based Models for Describing Cornmunicative Choice
Workers in artificial intelligence (Al) have proposed various models for behavioral choice that can be adapted for use in descriptions of the knowledge and behavior of communicators. The use of AI-based models in this context assumes that the communicator can be conceived of as choosing an utterance from a set of relevant options. This view of “communicative choice” is consistent with “purposive” explanations for human action, but advocates of A1…
Implicit Theories of Marriage and Evaluations of Marriage on Television
Journal Article Implicit Theories of Marriage and Evaluations of Marriage on Television Get access Elizabeth M. Perse, Elizabeth M. Perse 1Elizabeth M. Perse, Charles Pavitt, and Cynthia S. Burggraf are Assistant Professors in the Department of Communication at the University of Delaware Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Charles Pavitt, Charles Pavitt 1Elizabeth M. Perse, Charles Pavitt, and Cynthia S. Burgg…
Implicit theories of communicative competence
A complete understanding of communicative competence requires an adequate account of the process by which observers evaluate the competence of communicators they are observing. This account must be made in terms of a system of beliefs about the evaluative implications of the communicator's behavior. This study sought to evaluate the complexity of these beliefs. Specifically, it focused on whether beliefs about competence differ among conceptions …
The "Competent Communicator" as a Cognitive Prototype
Journal Article The "Competent Communicator" as a Cognitive Prototype Get access Charles Pavitt, Charles Pavitt 1Charles Pavitt (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin—Madison) resides at 1629 Columbia Road, #425, Washington, DC 20009 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Larry Haight Larry Haight 2Larry Haighl (M.A., Arizona State University) is a visiting lecturer in the Department of Communication and Theater, Univer…
Second-Guessing
Journal Article "Second-Guessing": Message Interpretation in Social Networks Get access Dean E. Hewes, Dean E. Hewes 1Dean E. Hewes (Ph.D., Florida State University) is an Associate Professor of Speech Communication at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Maudie L. Graham, Maudie L. Graham 2Maudie L. Graham (M.A., University of Northern Colorado) and Joel Doelger (M.…
A Test of Six Models of Coorientation
(1981). A Test of Six Models of Coorientation: The Effect of Task and Disagreement Level on Judgments of Uncertainty, Utility, and Desired Communicative Behavior. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 303-330
Preliminaries to a Theory of Communication
(1981). Preliminaries to a Theory of Communication: A System for the Cognitive Representation of Person and Object Based Information. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 211-232
Coorientational Accuracy in Interpersonal and Small Group Discussions
While accuracy is commonly understood to be an important outcome of communicative exchanges research directed at its prediction and explanation has been pretheoretical. The literature relevant to accuracy prediction is updated beyond that provided by Mehrabian and Reed (1968) and the cause-effect relationships among predictors and criterion variables specified. The role of information-seeking is found to have special importance under three differ…
Second-Guessing
Journal Article "Second-Guessing": Message Interpretation in Social Networks Get access Dean E. Hewes, Dean E. Hewes 1Dean E. Hewes (Ph.D., Florida State University) is an Associate Professor of Speech Communication at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Maudie L. Graham, Maudie L. Graham 2Maudie L. Graham (M.A., University of Northern Colorado) and Joel Doelger (M.…
Implicit Theories of Marriage and Evaluations of Marriage on Television
Journal Article Implicit Theories of Marriage and Evaluations of Marriage on Television Get access Elizabeth M. Perse, Elizabeth M. Perse 1Elizabeth M. Perse, Charles Pavitt, and Cynthia S. Burggraf are Assistant Professors in the Department of Communication at the University of Delaware Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Charles Pavitt, Charles Pavitt 1Elizabeth M. Perse, Charles Pavitt, and Cynthia S. Burgg…
The "Competent Communicator" as a Cognitive Prototype
Journal Article The "Competent Communicator" as a Cognitive Prototype Get access Charles Pavitt, Charles Pavitt 1Charles Pavitt (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin—Madison) resides at 1629 Columbia Road, #425, Washington, DC 20009 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Larry Haight Larry Haight 2Larry Haighl (M.A., Arizona State University) is a visiting lecturer in the Department of Communication and Theater, Univer…
Colloquy
Recent examples of research about group processes melding individual-cognitive and social communicative factors have resulted in the application of concepts relevant to individual cognition to groups as a whole. Although based on a helpful metaphor, the practice risks resurrecting discredited “group mind” concepts. One particular concept, “transactive memory system,” implies that a group can “know” all of the knowledge of its individual members. …
Implicit theories of communicative competence
A complete understanding of communicative competence requires an adequate account of the process by which observers evaluate the competence of communicators they are observing. This account must be made in terms of a system of beliefs about the evaluative implications of the communicator's behavior. This study sought to evaluate the complexity of these beliefs. Specifically, it focused on whether beliefs about competence differ among conceptions …
Answering Questions Requesting Scientific Explanations for Communication
Journal Article Answering Questions Requesting Scientific Explanations for Communication Get access Charles Pavitt Charles Pavitt 1Charles Pavitt is associate professor of communication at the University of Delaware. This paper is a distant descendant of an essay on similar issues presented at the 1989 Temple University Conference on Discourse Analysis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Communication Theory,…
The Third Way
Journal Article The Third Way: Scientific Realism and Communication Theory Get access Charles Pavitt Charles Pavitt 1Charles Pavitt is associate professor of communication at the University of Delaware. His main research interests are in communication in formal interpersonal settings, and the relevance of philosophy of science for communication theory. This essay is much the better for the input from this journal's editor and reviewers. Search fo…
The Third Way
Several commentators have distinguished between two general philosophies of science, “logical empiricism” and “perspectivism,” and implied that communication theorists who use quantitative social scientific methods are, as a consequence, logical empiricists. This dichotomy ignores a third position, “scientific realism,” which is dominant in current philosophy of science. This essay distinguishes these three major philosophic movements and advance…
Coorientational Accuracy in Interpersonal and Small Group Discussions
While accuracy is commonly understood to be an important outcome of communicative exchanges research directed at its prediction and explanation has been pretheoretical. The literature relevant to accuracy prediction is updated beyond that provided by Mehrabian and Reed (1968) and the cause-effect relationships among predictors and criterion variables specified. The role of information-seeking is found to have special importance under three differ…
A Sympathetic Reaction to the SM and DLCM as Group Communication Theories
I see that in the first paragraph of his essay, Dean Hewes (2009) has given me credit both for understanding the implications of the socioegocentric model (SM) and for adopting its basic logic in past work. To the extent that this assertion is true, it is a product of my academic heritage, as during our joint time at the University of Wisconsin (1976 through 1981), I as graduate student and Hewes as professor, I had constant opportunities, both i…
Communication During Resource Dilemmas
A resource dilemma is a circumstance in which an aggregate of people share a slowly replenishing “resource pool” out of which each person can “harvest” a significant amount at any time. In the first study in which the content of relevant discussion is analyzed, participants experienced an experimental simulation of a resource dilemma with either of two replenishment rates. As hypothesized, the higher replenishment rate, in comparison to the lower…
Theory–data interaction from the standpoint of scientific realism
This author is in general agreement with the arguments in Bostrom's () essay concerning theory–data interaction. Nevertheless, an examination of the issues raised in the essay from the standpoint of scientific realism lead to two different conclusions. First, the opening rationale is based on a nondefensible distinction between empiricists and interpretivists. Second, debates among paradigms are based on real ontological and epistemological diffe…
Melding the objective and subjective sides of leadership
This examination tests whether “inferential” models are capable of predicting group members' leadership—relevant judgments and evaluations of one another after a group discussion. Results in samples of both standing and zero‐history groups showed that judgments of communicative behaviors strongly predicted judgments of the communicator's traits and that both behavioral and trait judgments strongly predicted leadership evaluations. However, measur…
Preliminaries to a Theory of Communication
(1981). Preliminaries to a Theory of Communication: A System for the Cognitive Representation of Person and Object Based Information. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 211-232
Coorientational Accuracy in Interpersonal and Small Group Discussions
While accuracy is commonly understood to be an important outcome of communicative exchanges research directed at its prediction and explanation has been pretheoretical. The literature relevant to accuracy prediction is updated beyond that provided by Mehrabian and Reed (1968) and the cause-effect relationships among predictors and criterion variables specified. The role of information-seeking is found to have special importance under three differ…
A Test of Six Models of Coorientation
(1981). A Test of Six Models of Coorientation: The Effect of Task and Disagreement Level on Judgments of Uncertainty, Utility, and Desired Communicative Behavior. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 303-330
Preliminaries to a Theory of Communication
(1981). Preliminaries to a Theory of Communication: A System for the Cognitive Representation of Person and Object Based Information. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 211-232
The "Competent Communicator" as a Cognitive Prototype
Journal Article The "Competent Communicator" as a Cognitive Prototype Get access Charles Pavitt, Charles Pavitt 1Charles Pavitt (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin—Madison) resides at 1629 Columbia Road, #425, Washington, DC 20009 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Larry Haight Larry Haight 2Larry Haighl (M.A., Arizona State University) is a visiting lecturer in the Department of Communication and Theater, Univer…
Second-Guessing
Journal Article "Second-Guessing": Message Interpretation in Social Networks Get access Dean E. Hewes, Dean E. Hewes 1Dean E. Hewes (Ph.D., Florida State University) is an Associate Professor of Speech Communication at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Maudie L. Graham, Maudie L. Graham 2Maudie L. Graham (M.A., University of Northern Colorado) and Joel Doelger (M.…
Implicit theories of communicative competence
A complete understanding of communicative competence requires an adequate account of the process by which observers evaluate the competence of communicators they are observing. This account must be made in terms of a system of beliefs about the evaluative implications of the communicator's behavior. This study sought to evaluate the complexity of these beliefs. Specifically, it focused on whether beliefs about competence differ among conceptions …
Implicit Theories of Marriage and Evaluations of Marriage on Television
Journal Article Implicit Theories of Marriage and Evaluations of Marriage on Television Get access Elizabeth M. Perse, Elizabeth M. Perse 1Elizabeth M. Perse, Charles Pavitt, and Cynthia S. Burggraf are Assistant Professors in the Department of Communication at the University of Delaware Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Charles Pavitt, Charles Pavitt 1Elizabeth M. Perse, Charles Pavitt, and Cynthia S. Burgg…
An Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Based Models for Describing Cornmunicative Choice
Workers in artificial intelligence (Al) have proposed various models for behavioral choice that can be adapted for use in descriptions of the knowledge and behavior of communicators. The use of AI-based models in this context assumes that the communicator can be conceived of as choosing an utterance from a set of relevant options. This view of “communicative choice” is consistent with “purposive” explanations for human action, but advocates of A1…
Melding the objective and subjective sides of leadership
This examination tests whether “inferential” models are capable of predicting group members' leadership—relevant judgments and evaluations of one another after a group discussion. Results in samples of both standing and zero‐history groups showed that judgments of communicative behaviors strongly predicted judgments of the communicator's traits and that both behavioral and trait judgments strongly predicted leadership evaluations. However, measur…
The Third Way
Journal Article The Third Way: Scientific Realism and Communication Theory Get access Charles Pavitt Charles Pavitt 1Charles Pavitt is associate professor of communication at the University of Delaware. His main research interests are in communication in formal interpersonal settings, and the relevance of philosophy of science for communication theory. This essay is much the better for the input from this journal's editor and reviewers. Search fo…
The Third Way
Several commentators have distinguished between two general philosophies of science, “logical empiricism” and “perspectivism,” and implied that communication theorists who use quantitative social scientific methods are, as a consequence, logical empiricists. This dichotomy ignores a third position, “scientific realism,” which is dominant in current philosophy of science. This essay distinguishes these three major philosophic movements and advance…
Answering Questions Requesting Scientific Explanations for Communication
Journal Article Answering Questions Requesting Scientific Explanations for Communication Get access Charles Pavitt Charles Pavitt 1Charles Pavitt is associate professor of communication at the University of Delaware. This paper is a distant descendant of an essay on similar issues presented at the 1989 Temple University Conference on Discourse Analysis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Communication Theory,…
Scheidel and Crowell revisited
In a landmark study, Scheidel and Crowell (1964) found evidence of two previously undescribed group discussional phenomena, “reach-testing,” or short sequences in which group members make, discuss, and evaluate a single proposal before moving on to another, and “spiraling,” or re-appearances later in discussion of proposals that had received positive evaluations when first discussed. The goal of the study reported here is to evaluate the generali…
Why We Still Have to Be Reductionists About Group Memory
Groups do not, in general, pool their members' knowledge successfully. This can be generalized to the point that groups perform more poorly than the sum of their members' individual potential in most tasks with objectively-measurable standards of performance. In this closing essay of the colloquy, I discuss some matters inspired by the essays responding to my original argument, most notably the status of baseline models and the importance of rese…
Colloquy
Recent examples of research about group processes melding individual-cognitive and social communicative factors have resulted in the application of concepts relevant to individual cognition to groups as a whole. Although based on a helpful metaphor, the practice risks resurrecting discredited “group mind” concepts. One particular concept, “transactive memory system,” implies that a group can “know” all of the knowledge of its individual members. …
Theory–data interaction from the standpoint of scientific realism
This author is in general agreement with the arguments in Bostrom's () essay concerning theory–data interaction. Nevertheless, an examination of the issues raised in the essay from the standpoint of scientific realism lead to two different conclusions. First, the opening rationale is based on a nondefensible distinction between empiricists and interpretivists. Second, debates among paradigms are based on real ontological and epistemological diffe…
Communication During Resource Dilemmas
A resource dilemma is a circumstance in which an aggregate of people share a slowly replenishing “resource pool” out of which each person can “harvest” a significant amount at any time. In the first study in which the content of relevant discussion is analyzed, participants experienced an experimental simulation of a resource dilemma with either of two replenishment rates. As hypothesized, the higher replenishment rate, in comparison to the lower…
A Sympathetic Reaction to the SM and DLCM as Group Communication Theories
I see that in the first paragraph of his essay, Dean Hewes (2009) has given me credit both for understanding the implications of the socioegocentric model (SM) and for adopting its basic logic in past work. To the extent that this assertion is true, it is a product of my academic heritage, as during our joint time at the University of Wisconsin (1976 through 1981), I as graduate student and Hewes as professor, I had constant opportunities, both i…
Realism
Realism is an epistemological position that, when applied to science, implies that theoretical terms refer to actual entities, structures, and processes, whether directly observable or not. The general notion has been expanded into a larger approach to the philosophy of science, scientific realism, in which guise it can be contrasted with both empiricism and relativism. Scientific realistic ideas are central to explanations for psychological and …
Group Communication During Resource Dilemmas
Previous theory and research implies that increasing the size of groups facing resource dilemmas results in poorer outcomes, but no previous study has allowed for communication among group members. The present study relates group size with communication content, task outcomes, and participant perceptions of their experience. With communication, actual group size was irrelevant; to the extent that groups chose to cooperate, outcomes were more equa…
Psychology (15 obras) · Computer Science (11 obras) · Social Psychology (10 obras) · Social Psychology (9 obras) · Sociology (8 obras) · Team Dynamics and Performance (7 obras) · Communication in Education and Healthcare (6 obras) · Epistemology (6 obras) · Philosophy (6 obras) · Art (5 obras)