Howard J Markman
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 118567 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Howard J Markman |
| PRENOMES | Howard J |
| SOBRENOME | Markman |
| ASSINATURA | MARKMAN H J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Denver |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0050-6426 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 863 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1977 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
Having a Baby
The current study evaluates the effects of having a baby on relationship quality and stability, contrasting married and unmarried cohabiting parents ( N = 179; 38% unmarried cohabiting). Participants provided several waves of data, including time points before, during, and after pregnancy. Results indicated that cohabiting parents broke up at a significantly higher rate after having a baby compared to married parents. In terms of relationship qua…
We are not all the same
A large body of existing research on African American relationships perpetuates a deficit model that assumes Eurocentric norms and emphasizes between‐group differences (e.g., cross‐racial comparisons with the majority group—European Americans). The current study examined within‐group variability and the influence of culturally unique factors, Afrocentricity, racial ideology, and perceived discrepancy between self and partner on African American r…
Romantic alternative monitoring increases ahead of infidelity and break-up
Monitoring alternative partners may be associated with engaging in behaviors that undermine relationship fidelity and/or stability. For example, paying attention to romantic alternatives has been shown to be associated with lower relationship quality. Studies have investigated the association between alternative monitoring and relationship outcomes, but with significant methodological limitations. This study aims to longitudinally explore whether…
Best Practices in Relationship Education Focused on Intimate Relationships
Relationship education is widely used to help people develop and sustain healthy romantic relationships. We first provide a review on the current state of evidence and key issues in the field, laying a foundation for suggesting specific best practices in relationship education. We focus on services provided to couples but also address the burgeoning field of relationship education with individuals. Although there are many gaps in the knowledge in…
Helping Couples in the Shadow of Covid‐19
The pandemic caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus (coronavirus) and the associated illness, COVID‐19, has caused a level of worldwide upheaval unlike any most people now living have seen in their lifetimes. This crisis affects people in their most important, committed, and intimate relationships. Although this crisis has damaged the health and well‐being of individuals, crushed economies, and led to an extensive period of uncertainty about the future, …
"Defining the relationship" in adolescent and young adult romantic relationships
Defining the relationship" (DTR) conversations are a topic of interest among lay people, yet have been the focus of little empirical research, leaving a gap in the psychological literature on romantic relationship development. This article presents descriptive data from two studies about the characteristics and correlates of DTR talks in adolescents' and emerging adults' romantic relationships. In Study 1, DTR talks were found to occur in over ha…
Sexuality Within Female Same-Gender Couples
Once a Cheater, Always a Cheater? Serial Infidelity Across Subsequent Relationships
Changes in the Sexual Relationship and Relationship Adjustment Precede Extradyadic Sexual Involvement
Asymmetrically committed relationships
This study compared romantic relationships in which there was a substantial difference (>1 SD) in the commitment levels of the two partners to those with more equal levels. These asymmetrically committed relationships (ACRs) were studied in a national, longitudinal sample of unmarried, opposite-sex romantic relationships ( N = 315 couples); 64.8% ( n = 204) of relationships were categorized as non-ACRs, 22.8% were ACRs in which the male partner w…
Within- and Between-Family Associations of Marital Functioning and Child Well-being
This study clarifies within-family and between-family links between marital functioning and child well-being. Expanding on existing prospective research, this study tests whether changes in parents' marital functioning are associated with corresponding changes in their children's well-being, independent from associations that exist when comparing different families. Participants (N = 1,033) were members of married, opposite-sex couples with child…
PREP for Strong Bonds
Exploring the Role of Ethnic Identity in Family Functioning Among Low-Income Parents
The majority of research on ethnic identity (EI) has highlighted its role in mitigating risks associated with racial discrimination; however, discrimination is only one of many stressors that ethnic minority individuals face. The current study examined the relationships between EI, emotional distress, and the parent–child relationship among ethnically diverse, low-income parents. Results indicated significant associations between EI and emotional…
Stuck on you
Theorists agree that commitment has different components, but the interaction between two fundamental aspects of commitment-dedication (interpersonal commitment) and constraint (external pressures to stay together)-has not been examined to our knowledge. The effects of the interaction between dedication and constraint on several measures of discomfort were examined among adults in opposite-sex dating relationships ( N = 1,294). In the context of …
Cultural adaptation of a family strengthening intervention for low-income Spanish-speaking families
Attitudes Toward Divorce, Commitment, and Divorce Proneness in First Marriages and Remarriages
A random multistate sample of married individuals (N = 1,931) was used to explore whether more positive attitudes toward divorce and weaker commitment to marriage may contribute to the greater instability of remarriages than first marriages. Remarried adults, whether or not they brought children from a previous union into the remarriage, reported marital quality (happiness and conflict) equal to those in first marriages. They also reported more p…
Relationship Education Research
The overarching aim of this article is to review the research on relationship education programs and approaches that has been published or accepted for publication since the last review article in 2003. This article provides a critical overview of the relationship education field and sets an agenda for research and practice for the next decade. A theme weaved throughout the article is the ways in which relationship education is similar and differ…
Parents' Marital Status, Conflict, and Role Modeling
This study investigated three parental marital statuses and relationship quality among unmarried, but dating adults ages 18 to 35 (N = 1153). Those whose parents never married one another tended to report the lowest relationship quality (in terms of relationship adjustment, negative communication, commitment, and physical aggression) compared to those with divorced or married biological parents. In addition, those with divorced parents reported l…
Predictors of Extradyadic Sexual Involvement in Unmarried Opposite-Sex Relationships
Using a sample of unmarried individuals in opposite-sex romantic relationships that was representative of the United States (N = 933), the current study prospectively evaluated predictors of extradyadic sexual involvement (ESI) over 20 months (from 2007-2010). Data were collected with self-report questionnaires via U.S. mail. Participants were 18 to 35 years old, and 34.9% were male. Variables tested as predictors included involved-partner factor…
A Longitudinal Investigation of Commitment Dynamics in Cohabiting Relationships
This longitudinal study followed 120 cohabiting, opposite-sex couples over 8 months to test hypotheses derived from commitment theory about how two types of commitment (dedication and constraint) operate during cohabitation. In nearly half the couples, there were large differences between partners in terms of dedication. These differences were associated with lower relationship adjustment, even controlling for overall level of dedication. Further…
Breaking up is hard to do
This study examined the impact of unmarried relationship break-up on psychological distress and life satisfaction using a within-subjects design. Among unmarried 18- to 35-year olds (N = 1295), 36.5% had one or more break-ups over a 20-month period. Experiencing a break-up was associated with an increase in psychological distress and a decline in life satisfaction (from pre- to postdissolution). In addition, several characteristics of the relatio…
Preliminary Efficacy of an Intervention to Reduce Psychosocial Stress and Improve Coping in Low-Income Families
This article reports pre-post intervention results from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the initial efficacy of a couples-based intervention aimed at teaching skills for coping with stress and improving relationship skills in a sample of 173 ethnically diverse low-income co-resident mothers and fathers who were raising at least one child together. Couples were randomly assigned to one of three interventions or to an assessment-only contr…
Viewing Sexually-Explicit Materials Alone or Together
The Revised Commitment Inventory
The Commitment Inventory measures interpersonal commitment (dedication) and constraint commitment. Since it was first published, substantial revisions have been made, but there are no published data on the psychometric properties of the new version. Furthermore, little information is available on measuring commitment for unmarried couples. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Commitment Inventory in 320 premarital or cohabiting …
Should I stay or should I go? Predicting dating relationship stability from four aspects of commitment.
Many have argued that it is important to examine different aspects of commitment in romantic relationships, but few studies have done so. Using a large, national sample of unmarried adults in relationships (N = 1184), this study examined four aspects of relationship commitment and their associations with relationship adjustment and stability. We examined dedication (i.e., interpersonal commitment) as well as three types of constraint commitment: …
Assessing Commitment in Personal Relationships
A modelfor conceptualizing relationship commitment is presented and the development of a measure corresponding to this model described. Commitment is considered as two constructs: personal dedication and constraint commitment. In study one, items developed for the Commitment Inventory (CI) were given to a sample of 141 subjects. Item analyses resulted in selection of the items for the inventory. In study two, 279 subjects yielded data used in fur…
The science of prevention
Maybe I Do
Explanations for the risks associated with premarital and nonmarital cohabitation (e.g., higher rates of breakup and divorce, lower relationship satisfaction, and greater risk for violent interaction) have focused on levels of conventionality, including attitudes about commitment to the institution of marriage. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the role of interpersonal, not institutional, commitment. In a national random samp…
The effect of the transition to parenthood on relationship quality
This longitudinal study examined the effect of the birth of the 1st child on relationship functioning using data from 218 couples (436 individuals) over the course of the first 8 years of marriage. Compared with prebirth levels and trajectories, parents showed sudden deterioration following birth on observed and self-reported measures of positive and negative aspects of relationship functioning. The deterioration in these variables was small to m…
The Topography of Marital Conflict
John Gottman, Howard Markman, Cliff Notarius, The Topography of Marital Conflict: A Sequential Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Aug., 1977), pp. 461-477
Social Support and Social Networks as Determinants of Individual and Marital Outcomes
This study examined the effects of social support, within and outside marriage, on the individual and marital adjustment of eighty-seven married couples. Stress, functional and structural measures of spouses' supportive networks, and outcome variables were included in two models that were represented as path diagrams and tested for husbands and wives, respectively. As predicted, marital distress was associated with higher mobilization of outsider…
Couples' Reasons for Cohabitation
This study uses a new measure to examine how different types of reasons for cohabitation are associated with individual well-being and relationship quality in a sample of 120 cohabiting heterosexual couples ( N = 240). Spending more time together and convenience are the most strongly endorsed reasons. The degree to which individuals report cohabiting to test their relationships is associated with more negative couple communication and more physic…
Viewing Sexually-Explicit Materials Alone or Together
Predictors of Extradyadic Sexual Involvement in Unmarried Opposite-Sex Relationships
Using a sample of unmarried individuals in opposite-sex romantic relationships that was representative of the United States (N = 933), the current study prospectively evaluated predictors of extradyadic sexual involvement (ESI) over 20 months (from 2007-2010). Data were collected with self-report questionnaires via U.S. mail. Participants were 18 to 35 years old, and 34.9% were male. Variables tested as predictors included involved-partner factor…
"Before They Said "I Do
One hundred couples were followed for 13 years from the premarital period well through the primary risk period for divorce. Results of discriminant analysis indicated that couples who remain satisfied, become distressed, and divorce can be reliably classified on the basis of premarital data. Further, both previously identified demographic risk factors and couple interaction variables contributed to classification accuracy, suggesting that both ty…
The Revised Commitment Inventory
The Commitment Inventory measures interpersonal commitment (dedication) and constraint commitment. Since it was first published, substantial revisions have been made, but there are no published data on the psychometric properties of the new version. Furthermore, little information is available on measuring commitment for unmarried couples. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Commitment Inventory in 320 premarital or cohabiting …
The Timing of Cohabitation and Engagement
Using a multistate sample of marriages that took place in the 1990s, this study examined associations between premarital cohabitation history and marital quality in first (N = 437) and second marriages (N = 200) and marital instability in first marriages (intact N = 521, divorced N = 124). For first marriages, cohabiting with the spouse without first being engaged or married was associated with more negative interaction, higher self-reported divo…
A Longitudinal Investigation of Commitment Dynamics in Cohabiting Relationships
This longitudinal study followed 120 cohabiting, opposite-sex couples over 8 months to test hypotheses derived from commitment theory about how two types of commitment (dedication and constraint) operate during cohabitation. In nearly half the couples, there were large differences between partners in terms of dedication. These differences were associated with lower relationship adjustment, even controlling for overall level of dedication. Further…
Asymmetrically committed relationships
This study compared romantic relationships in which there was a substantial difference (>1 SD) in the commitment levels of the two partners to those with more equal levels. These asymmetrically committed relationships (ACRs) were studied in a national, longitudinal sample of unmarried, opposite-sex romantic relationships ( N = 315 couples); 64.8% ( n = 204) of relationships were categorized as non-ACRs, 22.8% were ACRs in which the male partner w…
Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample
Melinda S. Forthofer, Howard J. Markman, Martha Cox, Scott Stanley, Ronald C. Kessler, Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Aug., 1996), pp. 597-605
Structural Flaws in the Bridge From Basic Research on Marriage to Interventions for Couples
In an article that received widespread media attention, Gottman, Coan, Carrère, and Swanson (1998) reported on a longitudinal study of newlywed couples and recommended major changes in the practice of marital therapy and education. Most notably, they called for the abandonment of interventions that promote active listening, they concluded that anger was not detrimental to marital outcomes, and they advocated an interaction pattern wherein wives r…
Attitudes Toward Divorce, Commitment, and Divorce Proneness in First Marriages and Remarriages
A random multistate sample of married individuals (N = 1,931) was used to explore whether more positive attitudes toward divorce and weaker commitment to marriage may contribute to the greater instability of remarriages than first marriages. Remarried adults, whether or not they brought children from a previous union into the remarriage, reported marital quality (happiness and conflict) equal to those in first marriages. They also reported more p…
Preliminary Efficacy of an Intervention to Reduce Psychosocial Stress and Improve Coping in Low-Income Families
This article reports pre-post intervention results from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the initial efficacy of a couples-based intervention aimed at teaching skills for coping with stress and improving relationship skills in a sample of 173 ethnically diverse low-income co-resident mothers and fathers who were raising at least one child together. Couples were randomly assigned to one of three interventions or to an assessment-only contr…
Men and Women Dealing with Conflict in Heterosexual Relationships
Marital therapists and researchers have suggested a tendency toward Pursuit by women and Withdrawal by men as an important gender‐linked pattern of dealing with marital conflict. The relationships of gender and sex role orientation to behavior in intimate heterosexual relationships were examined in two studies of nondistressed couples. In Study 1, 29 couples were examined longitudinally before and after marriage using an observational and self‐re…
Changes in the Sexual Relationship and Relationship Adjustment Precede Extradyadic Sexual Involvement
Within- and Between-Family Associations of Marital Functioning and Child Well-being
This study clarifies within-family and between-family links between marital functioning and child well-being. Expanding on existing prospective research, this study tests whether changes in parents' marital functioning are associated with corresponding changes in their children's well-being, independent from associations that exist when comparing different families. Participants (N = 1,033) were members of married, opposite-sex couples with child…
Stuck on you
Theorists agree that commitment has different components, but the interaction between two fundamental aspects of commitment-dedication (interpersonal commitment) and constraint (external pressures to stay together)-has not been examined to our knowledge. The effects of the interaction between dedication and constraint on several measures of discomfort were examined among adults in opposite-sex dating relationships ( N = 1,294). In the context of …
"Defining the relationship" in adolescent and young adult romantic relationships
Defining the relationship" (DTR) conversations are a topic of interest among lay people, yet have been the focus of little empirical research, leaving a gap in the psychological literature on romantic relationship development. This article presents descriptive data from two studies about the characteristics and correlates of DTR talks in adolescents' and emerging adults' romantic relationships. In Study 1, DTR talks were found to occur in over ha…
Sexuality Within Female Same-Gender Couples
Romantic alternative monitoring increases ahead of infidelity and break-up
Monitoring alternative partners may be associated with engaging in behaviors that undermine relationship fidelity and/or stability. For example, paying attention to romantic alternatives has been shown to be associated with lower relationship quality. Studies have investigated the association between alternative monitoring and relationship outcomes, but with significant methodological limitations. This study aims to longitudinally explore whether…
The Topography of Marital Conflict
John Gottman, Howard Markman, Cliff Notarius, The Topography of Marital Conflict: A Sequential Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Aug., 1977), pp. 461-477
A Couple's Guide to Communication
Although this book was written to be used primarily by couples, it has become a bestselling text for college counseling courses. The skills and techniques introduced are based on the way distressed and nondistressed couples differ when solving problems. Each chapter includes practice exercises to help couples master the problem-solving techniques presented. Appendices contain problem inventories for husband and wife, a knowledge assessment self-t…
Assessing the need for a needs assessment
Needs assessments are conducted with the expectation that the information obtained will be used to make rational decisions. However, appropriate planning and service delivery decisions do not always flow from needs assessment information. Assessment of the anticipated utilization of needs assessment data, and evaluation of the appropriateness of these uses prior to conducting a needs assessment may prevent inefficient use of resources. The presen…
Application of Social Judgment Theory to Understanding and Treating Marital Conflict
The present paper introduces social judgment theory to marital and family researchers as a potentially useful theoretical and methodological tool for understanding marital conflict. A review of the literature on marital conflict concludes that theoretical advances in understanding the cognitive basis of marital conflict have surpassed the research methods needed to test these conceptions. Current conceptions of conflict and research findings have…
Social Support and Social Networks as Determinants of Individual and Marital Outcomes
This study examined the effects of social support, within and outside marriage, on the individual and marital adjustment of eighty-seven married couples. Stress, functional and structural measures of spouses' supportive networks, and outcome variables were included in two models that were represented as path diagrams and tested for husbands and wives, respectively. As predicted, marital distress was associated with higher mobilization of outsider…
Assessing Commitment in Personal Relationships
A modelfor conceptualizing relationship commitment is presented and the development of a measure corresponding to this model described. Commitment is considered as two constructs: personal dedication and constraint commitment. In study one, items developed for the Commitment Inventory (CI) were given to a sample of 141 subjects. Item analyses resulted in selection of the items for the inventory. In study two, 279 subjects yielded data used in fur…
Men and Women Dealing with Conflict in Heterosexual Relationships
Marital therapists and researchers have suggested a tendency toward Pursuit by women and Withdrawal by men as an important gender‐linked pattern of dealing with marital conflict. The relationships of gender and sex role orientation to behavior in intimate heterosexual relationships were examined in two studies of nondistressed couples. In Study 1, 29 couples were examined longitudinally before and after marriage using an observational and self‐re…
The science of prevention
Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample
Melinda S. Forthofer, Howard J. Markman, Martha Cox, Scott Stanley, Ronald C. Kessler, Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Aug., 1996), pp. 597-605
Structural Flaws in the Bridge From Basic Research on Marriage to Interventions for Couples
In an article that received widespread media attention, Gottman, Coan, Carrère, and Swanson (1998) reported on a longitudinal study of newlywed couples and recommended major changes in the practice of marital therapy and education. Most notably, they called for the abandonment of interventions that promote active listening, they concluded that anger was not detrimental to marital outcomes, and they advocated an interaction pattern wherein wives r…
Communication, Conflict, and Commitment
The key relationship dynamics of communication, conflict, and commitment were investigated using data from a randomly sampled, nationwide phone survey of adults in married, engaged, and cohabiting relationships. Findings on communication and conflict generally replicated those of studies using more in depth or objective measurement strategies. Negative interaction between partners was negatively associated with numerous measures of relationship q…
Timing Is Everything
Data from a longitudinal study were used to examine differences among couples that cohabited before engagement, after engagement, or not until marriage. Survey data and objectively coded couple interaction data were collected for 136 couples (272 individuals) after engagement (but before marriage) and 10 months into marriage. At both time points, the before-engagement cohabiters (59 couples) had more negative interactions, lower interpersonal com…
Maybe I Do
Explanations for the risks associated with premarital and nonmarital cohabitation (e.g., higher rates of breakup and divorce, lower relationship satisfaction, and greater risk for violent interaction) have focused on levels of conventionality, including attitudes about commitment to the institution of marriage. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the role of interpersonal, not institutional, commitment. In a national random samp…
"Before They Said "I Do
One hundred couples were followed for 13 years from the premarital period well through the primary risk period for divorce. Results of discriminant analysis indicated that couples who remain satisfied, become distressed, and divorce can be reliably classified on the basis of premarital data. Further, both previously identified demographic risk factors and couple interaction variables contributed to classification accuracy, suggesting that both ty…
Sliding Versus Deciding
Premarital cohabitation has consistently been found to be associated with increased risk for divorce and marital distress in the United States. Two explanations for this “cohabitation effect” are discussed: selection and experience. We present an empirically based view of how the experience of cohabitation may increase risk for relationship distress or divorce for some people beyond what is accounted for by selection. Specifically, using a commit…
Premarital education, marital quality, and marital stability
One of the limitations of experimental studies on the effectiveness of premarital education is the reliance on samples of mostly White, middle-class couples. In contrast, although survey methods allow only weak inferences about causal relations, representative surveys can yield important information about use and estimated effects across a diverse population. Using a large random survey of 4 middle American states, the authors found that particip…
Premarital Cohabitation, Husbands' Commitment, and Wives' Satisfaction with the Division of Household Contributions
Recent research suggests that cohabiting men with plans to marry do more housework than those without plans to marry. Building on mis finding and drawing from commitment theory, we asked whether premarital cohabitation history and husbands' commitment were associated with satisfaction with the division of household contributions in marriage (N = 171 couples). There were no significant effects of cohabitation history (i.e., whether the couple star…
Women’s weekly relationship functioning and depressive symptoms
In an exploration of the links between relationship quality and depression, the extent to which women’s weekly reports of depressive symptoms vary as a function of same‐week relationship functioning was tested. A sample of 161 married or cohabiting U.S. women completed measures of relationship functioning, mood, and depressive symptoms weekly for 12 weeks. In a series of hierarchical linear models, results of within‐subject analyses indicated tha…
The effect of the transition to parenthood on relationship quality
This longitudinal study examined the effect of the birth of the 1st child on relationship functioning using data from 218 couples (436 individuals) over the course of the first 8 years of marriage. Compared with prebirth levels and trajectories, parents showed sudden deterioration following birth on observed and self-reported measures of positive and negative aspects of relationship functioning. The deterioration in these variables was small to m…
Couples' Reasons for Cohabitation
This study uses a new measure to examine how different types of reasons for cohabitation are associated with individual well-being and relationship quality in a sample of 120 cohabiting heterosexual couples ( N = 240). Spending more time together and convenience are the most strongly endorsed reasons. The degree to which individuals report cohabiting to test their relationships is associated with more negative couple communication and more physic…
Should I stay or should I go? Predicting dating relationship stability from four aspects of commitment.
Many have argued that it is important to examine different aspects of commitment in romantic relationships, but few studies have done so. Using a large, national sample of unmarried adults in relationships (N = 1184), this study examined four aspects of relationship commitment and their associations with relationship adjustment and stability. We examined dedication (i.e., interpersonal commitment) as well as three types of constraint commitment: …
The premarital communication roots of marital distress and divorce
Using data from 210 couples who provided data across the first 5 years of marriage, we examined how premarital communication quality was related to divorce and later distress. The results showed that premarital observed negative and positive communication nearly reached significance as predictors of divorce, while self-reported negative communication was significantly associated with divorce. In terms of marital adjustment, we found that both pre…
The Timing of Cohabitation and Engagement
Using a multistate sample of marriages that took place in the 1990s, this study examined associations between premarital cohabitation history and marital quality in first (N = 437) and second marriages (N = 200) and marital instability in first marriages (intact N = 521, divorced N = 124). For first marriages, cohabiting with the spouse without first being engaged or married was associated with more negative interaction, higher self-reported divo…
Breaking up is hard to do
This study examined the impact of unmarried relationship break-up on psychological distress and life satisfaction using a within-subjects design. Among unmarried 18- to 35-year olds (N = 1295), 36.5% had one or more break-ups over a 20-month period. Experiencing a break-up was associated with an increase in psychological distress and a decline in life satisfaction (from pre- to postdissolution). In addition, several characteristics of the relatio…
Preliminary Efficacy of an Intervention to Reduce Psychosocial Stress and Improve Coping in Low-Income Families
This article reports pre-post intervention results from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the initial efficacy of a couples-based intervention aimed at teaching skills for coping with stress and improving relationship skills in a sample of 173 ethnically diverse low-income co-resident mothers and fathers who were raising at least one child together. Couples were randomly assigned to one of three interventions or to an assessment-only contr…
Psychology (46 obras) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (38 obras) · Social Psychology (33 obras) · Developmental psychology (25 obras) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (24 obras) · Clinical Psychology (20 obras) · Sociology (17 obras) · Social Psychology (13 obras) · Demography (12 obras) · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving (11 obras)