Thomas J Bouchard
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 118954 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Thomas J Bouchard |
| PRENOMES | Thomas J |
| SOBRENOME | Bouchard |
| ASSINATURA | BOUCHARD T J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Minnesota |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5557-4605 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 349 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1968 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Have Standard Formulas Correcting Correlations for Range Restriction Been Adequately Tested
Most study samples show less variability in key variables than do their source populations due most often to indirect selection into study participation associated with a wide range of personal and circumstantial characteristics. Formulas exist to correct the distortions of population-level correlations created. Formula accuracy has been tested using simulated normally distributed data, but empirical data are rarely available for testing. We did …
Irving Isadore Gottesman (1930–2016)
Presents an obituary for Irving Isadore Gottesman who passed away on June 29, 2016, at his home in Edina, Minnesota. Gottesman was a gifted writer and clnician who will be best remembered as a courageous psychologist who "swam against the current" and researched genetic influence on human behavior, especially psychopathology, at a time when it was considered heresy. (PsycINFO Database Record
The Recaptured Scale Technique
Tellegen and Waller advocated a complex and time-consuming scale construction method that they called "exploratory test construction." Scales that are constructed by this method-such as the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ)-are presumed to be more "psychologically coherent" and "robust" than scales constructed by other means. Using a novel procedure that we call the "recaptured scale technique," we tested this conjecture by conduct…
Genetic influence on human intelligence (Spearman's g )
The history and conceptual background of the heritability statistic is briefly discussed. The construct of heritability is embedded in the method of structural equation modeling widely used in modern population genetics and in human behavior genetics. The application of structural equation modeling to behavioral phenotypes is shown to be a useful and informative analytic tool, as it implements the research strategy of 'strong inference'. I descri…
Heritability of fluctuating asymmetry in a human twin sample
Fluctuating asymmetry is thought to reflect developmental instability, which may in turn indicate genetically influenced fitness. Controversy surrounding these claims has centered on the extent to which fluctuating asymmetry is heritable. Most studies have estimated its heritability to be very low using single‐trait measures. This study uses data from a human twin sample to demonstrate that the heritability estimate resulting from the aggregation…
Religiousness, Antisocial Behavior, and Altruism
Religiousness, Antisocial Behavior, and Altruism
Although religiousness is considered a protective factor against antisocial behaviors and a positive influence on prosocial behaviors, it remains unclear whether these associations are primarily genetically or environmentally mediated. In order to investigate this question, religiousness, antisocial behavior, and altruistic behavior were assessed by self‐report in a sample of adult male twins (165 MZ and 100 DZ full pairs, mean age of 33 years). …
Genetic and environmental influences on the positive traits of the values in action classification, and biometric covariance with normal personality
Darwinism, behavioral genetics, and organizational behavior
In this article, a case is made for the importance of evolutionary processes and behavioral genetics for organizational behavior. First, we present scientific arguments connecting evolutionary biology and psychology, Darwinian theories, behavioral genetics, and individual differences. Second, we provide a review of behavioral genetics research on constructs relevant to organizational behavior, such as cognitive ability, personality, work attitude…
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Religiousness
Estimates of the degree of genetic and environmental influences on religiousness have varied widely. This variation may, in part, be due to age differences in the samples under study. To investigate the heritability of religiousness and possible age changes in this estimate, both current and retrospective religiousness were assessed by self‐report in a sample of adult male twins (169 MZ pairs and 104 DZ pairs, mean age of 33 years). Retrospective…
Genetic Influence on Human Psychological Traits
There is now a large body of evidence that supports the conclusion that individual differences in most, if not all, reliably measured psychological traits, normal and abnormal, are substantively influenced by genetic factors. This fact has important implications for research and theory building in psychology, as evidence of genetic influence unleashes a cascade of questions regarding the sources of variance in such traits. A brief list of those q…
Heritability of body height and educational attainment in an international context
We studied the effect of genetic and environmental factors on the association between self‐reported height and education in Minnesota and Finland. Our data included 1,598 twin pairs in Minnesota and 5,454 twin pairs in Finland born between 1936 and 1955. Correlations between education and height were found in Minnesota (r = 0.09 in men and 0.11 in women) and in Finland (r = 0.17 and 0.14, respectively) after adjustment for age. This trait correla…
Marriage and Personality
There is substantial evidence that married people fare better than their unmarried peers on many life outcome variables. The authors asked whether self-selection might partially explain these benefits through genetic influences on personality contributing to propensity to marry. Using a population-based sample of 4,225 women and 2,869 men that included 2,527 complete twin pairs, the authors investigated the phenotypic associations between persona…
Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences
Psychological researchers typically distinguish five major domains of individual differences in human behavior: cognitive abilities, personality, social attitudes, psychological interests, and psychopathology (Lubinski, 2000). In this article we: discuss a number of methodological errors commonly found in research on human individual differences; introduce a broad framework for interpreting findings from contemporary behavioral genetic studies; b…
The Extended Genotype
How are retrospective accounts of family rearing environments linked to adult personality? We addressed this question by measuring both domains in a sample of 180 reared‐apart twins. Twins completed extensive measures of rearing environments (the Minnesota‐Briggs History Record, the Block Environmental Questionnaire, the Family Environment Scale, and the Physical Facilities Questionnaire) and an omnibus measure of adult personality (the Multidime…
Normal and Abnormal Personality Traits
Recent studies have demonstrated substantial correlations between normal and abnormal personality traits. Yet little is known about how these correlations are mediated genetically and environmentally: Do normal and abnormal personality traits stem from the same underlying genes and environments? We addressed this question using data from 128 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA). Additive genet…
Genes, Evolution, and Personality
Dysgenics
Dysgenics
Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Continuous Scales of the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator
The Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator was administered to a sample of 61 monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA), 49 dizygotic twins reared apart (DZA), and 92 spouses, who participated in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA) from 1979 to 1995. Twins’ scores on the continuous scales were subjected to behavior genetic model‐fitting procedures. Extraversion‐Introversion and Thinking‐Feeling yielded heritabilities of about .60, consisting large…
Individual differences in adult ego development
A behavior genetic analysis of the personality dimension of ego development, as assessed by the Washington University Sentence Completion Test, was carried out on a sample of 45 pairs of monozygotic twins and 28 pairs of same-sex dizygotic twins. The twins ranged in age from 16 to 70 years at the time of assessment, had been separated during infancy, and had been raised apart in adoptive homes before being reunited in adulthood. Analyses indicate…
Galton Lecture
When asked whether he would discuss man in the Origins of the Species , Darwin replied, ‘I think I shall avoid the subject, as so surrounded with prejudices, though I fully admit it is the highest and most interesting problem for the naturalist’. Galton on the other hand replied to the same question, ‘I shall treat man and see what the theory of heredity of variations and the principles of natural selection mean when applied to man’ (Pearson, 191…
Intelligence
Ulric Neisser (Chair) Gwyneth Boodoo Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr. A. Wade Boykin Nathan Brody Stephen J. Ceci Diane E Halpern John C. Loehlin Robert Perloff Robert J. Sternberg Susana Urbina Emory University Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Howard University Wesleyan University Cornell University California State University, San Bernardino University of Texas, Austin University of Pittsburgh Yale …
Genes, Environment, and Personality
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8209250
Emergenesis
Intelligence
Ulric Neisser (Chair) Gwyneth Boodoo Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr. A. Wade Boykin Nathan Brody Stephen J. Ceci Diane E Halpern John C. Loehlin Robert Perloff Robert J. Sternberg Susana Urbina Emory University Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Howard University Wesleyan University Cornell University California State University, San Bernardino University of Texas, Austin University of Pittsburgh Yale …
Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together
We administered the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) to 217 monozygotic and 114 dizygotic reared-together adult twin pairs and 44 monozygotic and 27 dizygotic reared-apart adult twin pairs. A four-parameter biometric model (incorporating genetic, additive versus nonadditive, shared family-environment, and unshared environment components) and five reduced models were fitted through maximum-likelihood techniques to data obtained wit…
Early hormonal influences on cognitive functioning in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Etude du fonctionnement cognitif mesure par une batterie de tests et des activites de l'enfance entre 6 et 11 ans mesurees par un questionnaire retrospectif chez 25 personnes atteintes d'une maladie hormonale
Unobtrusive Measures
The logic and advantages of unobtrusive measures are briefly reviewed. The literature on unobtrusive measures is then summarized under four large classes-physical traces, archives, simple observations, and measures gathered with hardware. A small number of methods also fall into a residual category. Each class of methods is discussed briefly and recommendations and/or problems with its use are discussed. This is followed by a listing of the measu…
Marriage and Personality
There is substantial evidence that married people fare better than their unmarried peers on many life outcome variables. The authors asked whether self-selection might partially explain these benefits through genetic influences on personality contributing to propensity to marry. Using a population-based sample of 4,225 women and 2,869 men that included 2,527 complete twin pairs, the authors investigated the phenotypic associations between persona…
Individual differences in adult ego development
A behavior genetic analysis of the personality dimension of ego development, as assessed by the Washington University Sentence Completion Test, was carried out on a sample of 45 pairs of monozygotic twins and 28 pairs of same-sex dizygotic twins. The twins ranged in age from 16 to 70 years at the time of assessment, had been separated during infancy, and had been raised apart in adoptive homes before being reunited in adulthood. Analyses indicate…
Sex differences in human spatial ability
Spatial visualization scores were obtained on the members of two hundred families. Large sex differences favoring males were found in both parents and offspring. Familial correlations, however, did not order themselves as predicted from the theory that human spatial visualization is under the control of an X‐linked recessive gene. The results are compatible with a sex limitation and/or socialization theory of ability acquisition
Genetic and environmental influences on the positive traits of the values in action classification, and biometric covariance with normal personality
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Adjective Check List and Edwards Personal Preference Schedule
The Lost-Letter Technique
The lost-letter technique was validated against the 1968 Presidential, Senatorial and Congressional elections. Placement on car windshields predicted the trend in all 3 races when only the major candidates were compared. The results for a third candidate (Wallace) were very misleading and suggest that magnitude of returns is not an accurate index of voting strength. It was concluded that the lost-letter technique has some promise for predicting e…
Unobtrusive Measures
The logic and advantages of unobtrusive measures are briefly reviewed. The literature on unobtrusive measures is then summarized under four large classes-physical traces, archives, simple observations, and measures gathered with hardware. A small number of methods also fall into a residual category. Each class of methods is discussed briefly and recommendations and/or problems with its use are discussed. This is followed by a listing of the measu…
Sex differences in human spatial ability
Spatial visualization scores were obtained on the members of two hundred families. Large sex differences favoring males were found in both parents and offspring. Familial correlations, however, did not order themselves as predicted from the theory that human spatial visualization is under the control of an X‐linked recessive gene. The results are compatible with a sex limitation and/or socialization theory of ability acquisition
Book notes
Book notes
Familial Studies of Intelligence
A summary of 111 studies identified in a survey of the world literature on familial resemblances in measured intelligence reveals a profile of average correlations consistent with a polygenic mode of inheritance. There is, however, a marked degree of heterogeneity of the correlations within familial groupings, which is not moderated by sex of familial pairing or by type of intelligence test used.
Adjustment of twin data for the effects of age and sex
Identity and Intimacy in Twins
Early hormonal influences on cognitive functioning in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Etude du fonctionnement cognitif mesure par une batterie de tests et des activites de l'enfance entre 6 et 11 ans mesurees par un questionnaire retrospectif chez 25 personnes atteintes d'une maladie hormonale
Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together
We administered the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) to 217 monozygotic and 114 dizygotic reared-together adult twin pairs and 44 monozygotic and 27 dizygotic reared-apart adult twin pairs. A four-parameter biometric model (incorporating genetic, additive versus nonadditive, shared family-environment, and unshared environment components) and five reduced models were fitted through maximum-likelihood techniques to data obtained wit…
Job satisfaction
Monozygotic twins reared apart from an early age were used to test the hypothesis that there is a significant genetic component to job satisfaction. Thirty-four monozygotic twin pairs who had been reared apart completed the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire as part of a comprehensive work-history assessment. Three subscales were formed from the job satisfaction items to reflect intrinsic, extrinsic, and general satisfaction with the curren…
Sources of Human Psychological Differences
Since 1979, a continuing study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, separated in infancy and reared apart, has subjected more than 100 sets of reared-apart twins or triplets to a week of intensive psychological and physiological assessment. Like the prior, smaller studies of monozygotic twins reared apart, about 70% of the variance in IQ was found to be associated with genetic variation. On multiple measures of personality and temperament, occupat…
Genetic and Rearing Environmental Influences on Adult Personality
We report a genetic and environmental analysis of California Psychological Inventory (CPI) scale scores gathered on a sample of 45 sets of monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA) and 26 sets of dizygotic twins reared apart (DZA) Analysis of twin intraclass correlations and the results of models fit to the twin data demonstrate that the heritability of most scales and five factors of the CPI is about 50 When compared to results from studies of adult …
Emergenesis
Emergenesis
Traits that are influenced by a configuration--rather than by a simple sum--of polymorphic genes may not be seen to be genetic unless one studies monozygotic twins (who share all their genes and thus all gene configurations) because such "emergenic" traits will tend not to run in families. Personal idiosyncrasies that have been found to be surprisingly concordant among MZ twins separated in infancy and reared apart may be emergenic traits. More s…
Genes, Environment, and Personality
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8209250
Galton Lecture
When asked whether he would discuss man in the Origins of the Species , Darwin replied, ‘I think I shall avoid the subject, as so surrounded with prejudices, though I fully admit it is the highest and most interesting problem for the naturalist’. Galton on the other hand replied to the same question, ‘I shall treat man and see what the theory of heredity of variations and the principles of natural selection mean when applied to man’ (Pearson, 191…
Intelligence
Ulric Neisser (Chair) Gwyneth Boodoo Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr. A. Wade Boykin Nathan Brody Stephen J. Ceci Diane E Halpern John C. Loehlin Robert Perloff Robert J. Sternberg Susana Urbina Emory University Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Howard University Wesleyan University Cornell University California State University, San Bernardino University of Texas, Austin University of Pittsburgh Yale …
Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Continuous Scales of the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator
The Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator was administered to a sample of 61 monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA), 49 dizygotic twins reared apart (DZA), and 92 spouses, who participated in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA) from 1979 to 1995. Twins’ scores on the continuous scales were subjected to behavior genetic model‐fitting procedures. Extraversion‐Introversion and Thinking‐Feeling yielded heritabilities of about .60, consisting large…
Individual differences in adult ego development
A behavior genetic analysis of the personality dimension of ego development, as assessed by the Washington University Sentence Completion Test, was carried out on a sample of 45 pairs of monozygotic twins and 28 pairs of same-sex dizygotic twins. The twins ranged in age from 16 to 70 years at the time of assessment, had been separated during infancy, and had been raised apart in adoptive homes before being reunited in adulthood. Analyses indicate…
Dysgenics
Dysgenics
Genes, Evolution, and Personality
Normal and Abnormal Personality Traits
Recent studies have demonstrated substantial correlations between normal and abnormal personality traits. Yet little is known about how these correlations are mediated genetically and environmentally: Do normal and abnormal personality traits stem from the same underlying genes and environments? We addressed this question using data from 128 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA). Additive genet…
Psychology (32 obras) · Cognitive Abilities and Testing (23 obras) · Developmental psychology (23 obras) · Biology (21 obras) · Social Psychology (21 obras) · Genetics (16 obras) · Personality (16 obras) · Heritability (15 obras) · Genetics (14 obras) · Behavioural genetics (12 obras)