Rémy Chapoulie
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 122763 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Rémy Chapoulie |
| PRENOMES | Rémy |
| SOBRENOME | Chapoulie |
| ASSINATURA | CHAPOULIE R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9959-7940 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2005 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
A tiered analytical workflow to investigate complex legacy lithic assemblages
The origins and integrity of museum assemblages are often difficult to assess when discovery contexts are poorly documented, and post-discovery events have altered the objects’ surfaces. This paper presents a sequential and multi-technique workflow combining non-invasive characterization methods with minimally invasive analyses for the investigation of lithic artefacts through the integration of digital microscope assisted surface examination, im…
The Elusive Orchil
Insights into late Sasanian glass workshop at the city of Istakhr, Fras; synchrotron XRF radiation techniques for glass characterization
Glass finds from the archaeological excavations of the city of Istakhr in the Fars province (actual Iran) have been subjected to archaeometric analysis. Based on their archaeological context, these pieces were dated to the fifth century CE. The glass fragments were analysed using environmental scanning electron microscopy combined with synchrotron‐based X‐ray fluorescence to accurately assess their chemical composition and fingerprint. Based on t…
Chronic fluoride poisoning during the Roman period in Cumae (Italy)
La fluorose osseuse est une pathologie liée à l'ingestion prolongée de grandes quantités de fluorure, qui entraine notamment une augmentation de la densité des os. Cette maladie sévit souvent à l'état endémique dans certaines zones volcaniques où les eaux souterraines contiennent des doses élevées de fluor. Cette étude vise à proposer une approche multidisciplinaire combinant observations paléopathologiques et analyses archéométriques pour le dia…
A new approach to locate, characterise and restore in 3D polychromy of Apollo’s temple at Delphi (4th century B. C.)
Ephemeral Orchil in the Lady and the Unicorn Tapestry
Spectroscopic techniques were carried out to identify the dyes used on the famous mediaeval Lady and the Unicorn tapestries kept in the Cluny Museum. Among the six tapestries, La Vue shows a colour variation between the front, which appears blue, and the back, which appears violet, on the Lady’s skirt. In the Middle Ages, it was common for the violet colour to be made with a blue dye bath (woad or indigo) followed by a red bath, which could be ma…
Preliminary Chemical and Mineralogical Investigation of Traditional Pottery Production along Jiroft-Bampur district in the 4th and 3rd Millennium B.C. Iran
The intercultural connection between Jiroft in Kerman and Bampur in Blauchestan reflects a lot of geographical and socio-cultural curiosity between these two key areas in southeastern Iran. The distribution of huge archaeological sites shows the expansion of socio-cultural activities in the early fourth and late third millennium BC from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age in the Halil and Bampur basins. Undeniably, cultural developments reflect ma…
A multianalytical approach for the study of relief polychrome glazed ceramics (France, 19th century)
The Ychsma ceramic provenance from Armatambo, 1250 – 1532 CE (Lima, Peru). A local or imported production
The Ychsma society was one of the most important civilizations developed between 900 and 1532 CE in Lima, the present Peruvian capital, situated on the central coast of Peru. The Ychsma territory included the lower basin of the Rímac and Lurín valleys in the current city of Lima (Peru). Around 1470 CE, the Ychsma region was conquered and placed under the control of the Inca Empire, which ruled the region until the Spanish conquest in 1532 CE. Des…
Use, symbolism, and access to red pigments based on hematite and cinnabar between 400 B.C. and A.D. 1450 in Huanchaco, a pre-Hispanic maritime community on the North Coast of Peru
Ultra-Short Pulse Laser Cleaning of Contaminated Pleistocene Bone
The impact of wavelength and pulse duration in laser cleaning of hard blackish contaminants crust from archaeologically significant Pleistocene bone is investigated in this research. The objective is to determine the practical cleaning procedures and identify adequate laser parameters for cleaning archaeological bone from Sima de los Huesos (Spain) based on conservation and restoration perspectives. Bone surface cleaning was performed utilizing t…
Chemical and Laser Cleaning of Corrosion Encrustations on Historical Stained Glass
The aim of this research work was to conduct a comparative study on the effectiveness of the application of chemical cleaning versus laser cleaning in the removal of surface congruent dissolution products from a potash-lime–silica historical stained-glass sample. EDTA was selected as the chemical cleaning agent. Laser cleaning was performed using a 238 fs pulse UV (343 nm) laser. The comparative cleaning studies were carried out on a stained-glas…
UV femtosecond laser cleaning of encrusted historical stained-glasses
Laser irradiation enables the removal of unwanted surface deposits from different materials in a safe and controllable manner. Laser parameters should be carefully selected to achieve the removal of the target contaminants without inducing damage to the substrate. Ultra-short pulse lasers have opened new opportunities for safe and controlled decontamination of cultural heritage materials because the thickness of material that is affected by the l…
Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Main Harbour of the ancient city of Delos (Greece)
Un premier sanctuaire celtique en Aquitaine. Résultats des fouilles menées en 2020 sur l’agglomération ouverte de La Peyrouse (Saint-Félix-de-Villadeix, Dordogne)
Le site de La Peyrouse (Saint-Félix-de-Villadeix, Dordogne) a été découvert en 2014 par C. Chevillot. Les opérations archéologiques menées depuis confirment l’existence d’une vaste agglomération ouverte à vocation artisanale et com-merciale et occupée du IIIe s. a.C. au IIe s. p.C. L’agglomération de La Peyrouse doit probablement son implantation et son développement économique à deux principaux facteurs : d’une part l’existence d’une voie terres…
What Lies Beyond Sight? Applications of Ultraportable Hyperspectral Imaging (VIS-NIR) for Archaeological Fieldwork
This paper discusses the use of a small ultraportable hyperspectral camera in the VIS-NIR (Visible-Near Infrared) range for archaeological fieldwork and its hardware, data processing workflows, and spectral information that can be used for in situ screening. Hyperspectral imaging is a widespread, non-destructive analytical technique used in various disciplines for highlighting invisible patterns and mapping the spectral signatures of selected tar…
Cathodoluminescence microscopy for interpreting the fabric and heating process of ancient pottery
Heterogeneous sherds were collected from 10 archaeological sites located in the Kur River Basin (KRB) in southern Iran. They have been analysed through routinely standard microscopic approach, including momentous cathodoluminescence microscopy in order to characterize the pottery fabrication and diversities in raw material and firing behaviour between different pottery production from the eighth to third millennium BCE. Cathodoluminescence interp…
Diagnostic de la fluorose dans la population romaine de Cumes (Italie, IIe siècle av. J.-C. – Ier siècle apr. J.-C.) à partir d’une approche multidisciplinaire archéométrique et paléopathologique appl…
La fluorose osseuse est une pathologie liée à l’accumulation excessive de fluor dans les os, qui entraine notamment une augmentation de la densité de ceux-ci. Cette maladie sévit à l’état endémique dans certaines zones volcaniques où les eaux souterraines contiennent des doses élevées de fluor, dépassant souvent les recommandations de l’OMS. L’intoxication y est le résultat d’une ingestion prolongée de grandes quantités de fluor. La ville antique…
Mineralogical transformations due to salt whitening agent in modern Hebron ceramics
Regards croisés sur le sanctuaire laténien de La Peyrouse (Saint-Félix-de-Villadeix, Dordogne)
Le sanctuaire de La Peyrouse est situé sur la commune de Saint-Félix-de-Villadeix en Dordogne. Il a été découvert en 2019 lors d’une campagne extensive de prospection magnétique, réalisée sur un site d’habitat protohistorique et antique. De nouvelles prospections géophysiques ciblées, combinant méthodes magnétique et électrique, ont été menées dans le cadre d’une thèse intégrée au projet RAPSODIE (Reconnaissance des Agglomérations Protohistorique…
Chemical and Mechanical Characterisation of White Earthenware Glazes from the Johnston‐Vieillard Manufactory (France, 19th Century)
This paper aims to apprehend evolution of ceramic manufacture strategy in the Johnston‐Vieillard manufactory (Bordeaux, France), which produced white earthenwares between 1835 and 1895. Glazes of fragments of 76 sherds, dated from different periods of the 19th century and found in excavations were characterised thanks to combined chemical and mechanical analysis. A comparative study was carried out for the determination of boron content in glazes…
Colloque annuel de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 1845 e réunion scientifique
Les dents sont l’un des matériaux les mieux préservés des assemblages archéologiques et paléoanthropologiques. Les tissus dentaires, tels que l'émail et la dentine, se forment par couches superposées qui seront préservées tout au long de la vie de l’individu. Cette séquence de couches contient l’enregistrement d'informations uniques sur de la trajectoire de développement d’une personne, et peuvent fournir des informations sur la grossesse (durée …
Cathodoluminescence and Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Calcium Carbonate
Accurate radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of lime mortars requires a thorough mineralogical characterization of binders in order to verify the presence of carbon-bearing contaminants. In the last 20 years, cathodoluminescence (CL) has been widely used for the identification of geologic calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) aggregates and unreacted lime lumps within the particle size fraction selected for carbon recovery. These components are major sources of old…
Technological investigation on ceramic bodies of 19th century French white earthenware from the Bordeaux region
Preface from the Guest Editors
International audience
Cuerda Seca Ceramics From Al‐andalus , Islamic Spain and Portugal (10th−12th Centuries Ad)
Since little is known about the cuerda seca technique, our aim has been to complete an initial analysis of 11th‐century cuerda seca by studying fragments from the 10th century (Pechina, Almería) and the 12th century (Mértola and Almería), so as to establish the diachronic evolution of this technique. Characteristics specific to cuerda seca ceramic glazes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative chemical analysis…
Cussac Cave (Dordogne, France)
Technological investigation on ceramic bodies of 19th century French white earthenware from the Bordeaux region
Ephemeral Orchil in the Lady and the Unicorn Tapestry
Spectroscopic techniques were carried out to identify the dyes used on the famous mediaeval Lady and the Unicorn tapestries kept in the Cluny Museum. Among the six tapestries, La Vue shows a colour variation between the front, which appears blue, and the back, which appears violet, on the Lady’s skirt. In the Middle Ages, it was common for the violet colour to be made with a blue dye bath (woad or indigo) followed by a red bath, which could be ma…
Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Main Harbour of the ancient city of Delos (Greece)
What Lies Beyond Sight? Applications of Ultraportable Hyperspectral Imaging (VIS-NIR) for Archaeological Fieldwork
This paper discusses the use of a small ultraportable hyperspectral camera in the VIS-NIR (Visible-Near Infrared) range for archaeological fieldwork and its hardware, data processing workflows, and spectral information that can be used for in situ screening. Hyperspectral imaging is a widespread, non-destructive analytical technique used in various disciplines for highlighting invisible patterns and mapping the spectral signatures of selected tar…
Mineralogical transformations due to salt whitening agent in modern Hebron ceramics
Chemical and Mechanical Characterisation of White Earthenware Glazes from the Johnston‐Vieillard Manufactory (France, 19th Century)
This paper aims to apprehend evolution of ceramic manufacture strategy in the Johnston‐Vieillard manufactory (Bordeaux, France), which produced white earthenwares between 1835 and 1895. Glazes of fragments of 76 sherds, dated from different periods of the 19th century and found in excavations were characterised thanks to combined chemical and mechanical analysis. A comparative study was carried out for the determination of boron content in glazes…
Análisis químico y mineralógico de pinturas en cerámicas arqueológicas del valle de Jequetepeque y sus implicancias arqueológicas
En arqueología andina, el estudio de las formas y decoraciones de artefactos cerámicos es fundamental para la comprensión de la evolución de la cultura material de una o varias entidades colectivas. En el caso preciso de las decoraciones a base de pintura, su estudio se inicia con el registro adecuado a partir, por ejemplo, de observaciones macroscópicas y microscópicas en superficie o en sección. Estas observaciones se pueden complementar con la…
Variability and sampling strategy of cave wall concretion
Cave Art is a fragile testimony of past human societies and the development of modern behaviours. In limestone caves, moonmilk commonly endanger the artworks. It is a calcite deposit with a large variability of chemical composition and morphological structures and it hosts numerous microbial communities. The possibility to characterize this deposit in the field would aid in a better understanding of cave behaviour and allow the setting up of prop…
NMR as a new tool for cultural heritage application
Identifying the origin of marble used in antiquity brings back to light details of the economic, social and political organization of classical societies, and characterizing in depth the chemistry of marble is key to discovering its provenance. Beyond X‐ray diffraction, which could reveal the presence of discriminant secondary crystalline phases and the quantification of accessory minerals combined with a multivariate analysis approach, solid‐sta…
Not All That Is White Is Lime’—White Substances from Archaeological Burial Contexts
Archaeological burial contexts may include a variety of white substances, but few analyses have been published. This study reports on the physico‐chemical characterization of such residues from seven archaeological sites. It is often assumed that white materials from burial contexts are lime. Our findings demonstrate that they can be gypsum, calcite (chalk), aragonite, brushite, degraded metal, natural (gum) resins or synthetic polymer–based prod…
Caractérisation physico-chimique de pigments de peintures murales mochica
Pour la culture précolombienne mochica qui se développa au Pérou sans écriture, la peinture murale est un vecteur idéologique fort qui implique aussi bien les exécutants de ces décors, des artisans spécialisés, que leurs commanditaires appartenant à l’élite dirigeante. L’archéométrie permet de répondre à des problématiques liées aux technologies picturales employées et peut apporter des informations sur les artisans qui ont réalisé ces décors. Da…
The marble of O Incio (Galicia, Spain)
In spite of the great leap forward experienced in our understanding of the use of marble and other ornamental stones in Roman Spain, provenance studies are still quite uncommon in some territories of the Iberian Peninsula. This was the case of the northwesternmost part (modern Galicia), where no significant work had been done until now. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary study, a significant number of objects studied did not match with …
Analyse préliminaire et discussion sur la nature d’un dépôt dentaire très particulier
An unusual dental deposit characterizes a skeleton from the excavation of the medieval graveyard at Clarensac (Gard, France). Its large size led us to investigate its origin, but the results of macroscopic examination alone are inconclusive. It could be either a biological formation such as tartar or a taphonomic process. To further our investigation, we carried out an analysis of the atomic composition of the deposit using a scanning electron mi…
Cuerda Seca Ceramics From Al‐andalus , Islamic Spain and Portugal (10th−12th Centuries Ad)
Since little is known about the cuerda seca technique, our aim has been to complete an initial analysis of 11th‐century cuerda seca by studying fragments from the 10th century (Pechina, Almería) and the 12th century (Mértola and Almería), so as to establish the diachronic evolution of this technique. Characteristics specific to cuerda seca ceramic glazes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative chemical analysis…
Analyse préliminaire et discussion sur la nature d’un dépôt dentaire très particulier
An unusual dental deposit characterizes a skeleton from the excavation of the medieval graveyard at Clarensac (Gard, France). Its large size led us to investigate its origin, but the results of macroscopic examination alone are inconclusive. It could be either a biological formation such as tartar or a taphonomic process. To further our investigation, we carried out an analysis of the atomic composition of the deposit using a scanning electron mi…
Le Sanctuaire d’Apollon
Étienne Roland, Herbin Frédéric, Braun Jean-Pierre, Pavlopoulos Kosmas, Apostolopoulos G., Mathé Virginie, Chapoulie Rémy, Druez Marion. Le Sanctuaire d’Apollon. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 133, livraison 2, 2009. pp. 609-623
Sur les pas de Michel Martinaud, géophysicien
Bien au-delà d’une simple évocation de travaux réalisés en Aquitaine, Turquie, Syrie, et Jordanie, il s’agit d’un hommage à un enseignant-chercheur, Michel Martinaud, géophysicien passionné d’archéologie, qui est proposé ici par deux de ses plus proches collaborateurs. À travers ce texte nous avons retracé une grande partie de son parcours et tenté de rassembler les résultats essentiels de son œuvre. Ceux-ci sont donnés de manière succincte tout …
Chronologie mochica
L'un des enjeux majeurs des sciences archéologiques est l'établissement des séquences chronologiques d'occupation au sein des aires d'activité humaine. L'objectif est la reconstruction des processus culturels diachroniques liés à l'apparition, l'évolution et la fin de cultures matérielles caractéristiques des groupes humains qui ont occupé des espaces environnementaux spécifiques. Concernant la culture mochica (iie-xe siècles, côte nord du Pérou)…
The marble of O Incio (Galicia, Spain)
In spite of the great leap forward experienced in our understanding of the use of marble and other ornamental stones in Roman Spain, provenance studies are still quite uncommon in some territories of the Iberian Peninsula. This was the case of the northwesternmost part (modern Galicia), where no significant work had been done until now. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary study, a significant number of objects studied did not match with …
Caractérisation physico-chimique de pigments de peintures murales mochica
Pour la culture précolombienne mochica qui se développa au Pérou sans écriture, la peinture murale est un vecteur idéologique fort qui implique aussi bien les exécutants de ces décors, des artisans spécialisés, que leurs commanditaires appartenant à l’élite dirigeante. L’archéométrie permet de répondre à des problématiques liées aux technologies picturales employées et peut apporter des informations sur les artisans qui ont réalisé ces décors. Da…
Cussac Cave (Dordogne, France)
Les céramiques anciennes sous le regard des archéosciences
Le colloque EMAC (European Meeting on Ancient Ceramic) organisé en 2017 à Bordeaux a rassemblé des chercheurs des sciences des matériaux et des sciences humaines. Cette quatorzième édition a donné lieu à la publication de 14 articles autour des thèmes principalement explorés ces dernières années en Europe. Des questions de provenance à la mise en évidence de technologies de fabrication, le matériau céramique apparaît plus que jamais comme un vect…
Análisis químico y mineralógico de pinturas en cerámicas arqueológicas del valle de Jequetepeque y sus implicancias arqueológicas
En arqueología andina, el estudio de las formas y decoraciones de artefactos cerámicos es fundamental para la comprensión de la evolución de la cultura material de una o varias entidades colectivas. En el caso preciso de las decoraciones a base de pintura, su estudio se inicia con el registro adecuado a partir, por ejemplo, de observaciones macroscópicas y microscópicas en superficie o en sección. Estas observaciones se pueden complementar con la…
Variability and sampling strategy of cave wall concretion
Cave Art is a fragile testimony of past human societies and the development of modern behaviours. In limestone caves, moonmilk commonly endanger the artworks. It is a calcite deposit with a large variability of chemical composition and morphological structures and it hosts numerous microbial communities. The possibility to characterize this deposit in the field would aid in a better understanding of cave behaviour and allow the setting up of prop…
NMR as a new tool for cultural heritage application
Identifying the origin of marble used in antiquity brings back to light details of the economic, social and political organization of classical societies, and characterizing in depth the chemistry of marble is key to discovering its provenance. Beyond X‐ray diffraction, which could reveal the presence of discriminant secondary crystalline phases and the quantification of accessory minerals combined with a multivariate analysis approach, solid‐sta…
Not All That Is White Is Lime’—White Substances from Archaeological Burial Contexts
Archaeological burial contexts may include a variety of white substances, but few analyses have been published. This study reports on the physico‐chemical characterization of such residues from seven archaeological sites. It is often assumed that white materials from burial contexts are lime. Our findings demonstrate that they can be gypsum, calcite (chalk), aragonite, brushite, degraded metal, natural (gum) resins or synthetic polymer–based prod…
Colloque annuel de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 1845 e réunion scientifique
Les dents sont l’un des matériaux les mieux préservés des assemblages archéologiques et paléoanthropologiques. Les tissus dentaires, tels que l'émail et la dentine, se forment par couches superposées qui seront préservées tout au long de la vie de l’individu. Cette séquence de couches contient l’enregistrement d'informations uniques sur de la trajectoire de développement d’une personne, et peuvent fournir des informations sur la grossesse (durée …
Cathodoluminescence and Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Calcium Carbonate
Accurate radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of lime mortars requires a thorough mineralogical characterization of binders in order to verify the presence of carbon-bearing contaminants. In the last 20 years, cathodoluminescence (CL) has been widely used for the identification of geologic calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) aggregates and unreacted lime lumps within the particle size fraction selected for carbon recovery. These components are major sources of old…
Technological investigation on ceramic bodies of 19th century French white earthenware from the Bordeaux region
Preface from the Guest Editors
International audience
Diagnostic de la fluorose dans la population romaine de Cumes (Italie, IIe siècle av. J.-C. – Ier siècle apr. J.-C.) à partir d’une approche multidisciplinaire archéométrique et paléopathologique appl…
La fluorose osseuse est une pathologie liée à l’accumulation excessive de fluor dans les os, qui entraine notamment une augmentation de la densité de ceux-ci. Cette maladie sévit à l’état endémique dans certaines zones volcaniques où les eaux souterraines contiennent des doses élevées de fluor, dépassant souvent les recommandations de l’OMS. L’intoxication y est le résultat d’une ingestion prolongée de grandes quantités de fluor. La ville antique…
Mineralogical transformations due to salt whitening agent in modern Hebron ceramics
Regards croisés sur le sanctuaire laténien de La Peyrouse (Saint-Félix-de-Villadeix, Dordogne)
Le sanctuaire de La Peyrouse est situé sur la commune de Saint-Félix-de-Villadeix en Dordogne. Il a été découvert en 2019 lors d’une campagne extensive de prospection magnétique, réalisée sur un site d’habitat protohistorique et antique. De nouvelles prospections géophysiques ciblées, combinant méthodes magnétique et électrique, ont été menées dans le cadre d’une thèse intégrée au projet RAPSODIE (Reconnaissance des Agglomérations Protohistorique…
Chemical and Mechanical Characterisation of White Earthenware Glazes from the Johnston‐Vieillard Manufactory (France, 19th Century)
This paper aims to apprehend evolution of ceramic manufacture strategy in the Johnston‐Vieillard manufactory (Bordeaux, France), which produced white earthenwares between 1835 and 1895. Glazes of fragments of 76 sherds, dated from different periods of the 19th century and found in excavations were characterised thanks to combined chemical and mechanical analysis. A comparative study was carried out for the determination of boron content in glazes…
Un premier sanctuaire celtique en Aquitaine. Résultats des fouilles menées en 2020 sur l’agglomération ouverte de La Peyrouse (Saint-Félix-de-Villadeix, Dordogne)
Le site de La Peyrouse (Saint-Félix-de-Villadeix, Dordogne) a été découvert en 2014 par C. Chevillot. Les opérations archéologiques menées depuis confirment l’existence d’une vaste agglomération ouverte à vocation artisanale et com-merciale et occupée du IIIe s. a.C. au IIe s. p.C. L’agglomération de La Peyrouse doit probablement son implantation et son développement économique à deux principaux facteurs : d’une part l’existence d’une voie terres…
What Lies Beyond Sight? Applications of Ultraportable Hyperspectral Imaging (VIS-NIR) for Archaeological Fieldwork
This paper discusses the use of a small ultraportable hyperspectral camera in the VIS-NIR (Visible-Near Infrared) range for archaeological fieldwork and its hardware, data processing workflows, and spectral information that can be used for in situ screening. Hyperspectral imaging is a widespread, non-destructive analytical technique used in various disciplines for highlighting invisible patterns and mapping the spectral signatures of selected tar…
Cathodoluminescence microscopy for interpreting the fabric and heating process of ancient pottery
Heterogeneous sherds were collected from 10 archaeological sites located in the Kur River Basin (KRB) in southern Iran. They have been analysed through routinely standard microscopic approach, including momentous cathodoluminescence microscopy in order to characterize the pottery fabrication and diversities in raw material and firing behaviour between different pottery production from the eighth to third millennium BCE. Cathodoluminescence interp…
A multianalytical approach for the study of relief polychrome glazed ceramics (France, 19th century)
Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis (22 obras) · Geology (18 obras) · Archaeology (17 obras) · Art (15 obras) · Building materials and conservation (15 obras) · Geography (13 obras) · Chemistry (11 obras) · Materials Science (11 obras) · History (10 obras) · Mineralogy (10 obras)