Elsbeth Robson
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 127376 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Elsbeth Robson |
| PRENOMES | Elsbeth |
| SOBRENOME | Robson |
| ASSINATURA | ROBSON E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Hull |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3513-460X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 458 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 55 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1992 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
A Feminist Political Ecology of household waste management in an urban township, South Africa
In the Global South, women disproportionately shoulder the burden of household waste management. Development Studies suggest that this persistent feminization of waste-related activities is rooted in cultural, social, and economic factors that confine women to private domestic spaces. Examining these gendered disparities within the intimate sphere of the home highlights issues of patriarchal power and female oppression. However, the intersections…
The Impacts of Pensions on Older People's Socio‐Spatial Care Relations as They Age in Networks in Rural Lesotho
Social networks within Southern Africa's rural communities are often highly interconnected through kin relations. Research has demonstrated that historically older people age in place within kin networks, typically in multi‐generational households, which are integral to their ageing experiences, such as through intergenerational contracts obliging younger generations to look after their older relatives. However, recent social policy favours aidin…
Household targeting of social cash transfer programmes
Data availability: I have shared a link to the data used
Livelihood Trajectories of Rural Young People in Southern Africa
Attempts to boost rural development in the Global South tend to focus on ways in which people can transform their lives. Interventions are often designed to help overcome specific envisioned constraints and push individuals onto a pathway out of poverty. Research has contributed to nuancing this vision by documenting the non-linearity of pathways, which often results in people being left in limbo or stuck, rather than moving forward. Based on a s…
Expanding the scope of ethical research with and for children and young people – six viewpoints on crisis, cross-cultural working and reciprocity
This Viewpoints piece is a collection of six contributions to a wider Special Issue for Children’s Geographies on ‘Renewed questions of ethics in research with and for children and young people.’ The pieces extend the Issue in two key ways: i) by representing urgent questions of pandemic and crisis related ethics; and ii) extending the geographical and cultural scope of thinking ethically in research with children and young people
Invisible in Plain Sight? Grandfathers Caring for Orphaned Grandchildren in Rural Malawi
Millions of orphans, created by parental deaths due to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, live with, and are cared for, by grandparents. Little research has considered how grandparents and, in particular, grandfathers, are caring for orphans. Here, we employ the analytical concept of generative grandfathering to analyse rural grandfathers’ roles in orphan care within communities of Zomba District, Southern Malawi. Using an ethnographic …
Ethical Principles, Social Harm and the Economic Relations of Research
Conventional research ethics focus on avoidance of harm to individual participants through measures to ensure informed consent. In long-term ethnographic research projects involving multiple actors, however, a wider concept of harm is needed. We apply the criminological concept of social harm, which focuses on harm produced through and affecting wider social relations, to a research project that we undertook in Malawi. Through this, we show how s…
Formalising ‘informal’ mHealth in Ghana
While mobile phones promise to be an important tool for bridging the healthcare gaps in resource-poor areas in developing countries, scalability and sustainability of mobile phones for health (mhealth) interventions still remain a major challenge. Meanwhile, health workers are already using their own mobile phones (referred to as 'informal mhealth') to facilitate healthcare delivery in diverse ways. Therefore, this paper explores some strategies …
Mobile phone use and the welfare of community health nurses in Ghana
The use of mobile phones is fast transforming the healthcare delivery landscape in Ghana. A substantial number of health facilities are now dependent on mobile phones to facilitate their work. Evidence of the use of mobile phones in Ghana's healthcare is however limited. In order to contribute to the evidence of the value of using mobile phones to promote healthcare, we interrogated and highlighted unexpected costs imposed on community health nur…
Informal mhealth at scale in Africa
The extraordinary global growth of digital connectivity has generated optimism that mobile technologies can help overcome infrastructural barriers to development, with 'mobile health' (mhealth) being a key component of this. However, while 'formal' (top-down) mhealth programmes continue to face challenges of scalability and sustainability, we know relatively little about how health-workers are using their own mobile phones informally in their wor…
Fears for the future
© 2017 The Author(s). Over the past two decades, southern Africa has experienced both exceptionally high AIDS prevalence and recurrent food shortages. International institutions have responded to these challenges by framing them as security concerns that demand urgent intervention. Young people are implicated in both crises and drawn into the securitisation discourse as agents (of risk and protection) and as (potential) victims. However, the conc…
Connecting with home, keeping in touch
There is a long history of migration among low-income families in sub-Saharan Africa, in which (usually young, often male) members leave home to seek their fortune in what are perceived to be more favourable locations. While the physical and virtual mobility practices of such stretched families are often complex and contingent, maintaining contact with distantly located close kin is frequently of crucial importance for the maintenance of emotiona…
Young People’s Daily Mobilities in Sub-Saharan Africa
This book explores the daily mobilities and immobilities of children and young people in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors draw on findings from rural and urban field research extending over many years, culminating in a 24-site study across three African countries: Ghana, Malawi, and South Africa. Wider reflections on gender, relationality, the politics of mobility, and field methodology frame the study. By bringing together diverse strands of a co…
Ethics committees, journal publication and research with children
Stepping down from co-editing Children’s Geographies and at about the same time taken up a new role as founding chair of the Research and Evaluation Ethics Committee for Save the Children UK stimul
Who bears the cost of ‘informal mhealth’? Health-workers’ mobile phone practices and associated political-moral economies of care in Ghana and Malawi
Africa's recent communications 'revolution' has generated optimism that using mobile phones for health (mhealth) can help bridge healthcare gaps, particularly for rural, hard-to-reach populations. However, while scale-up of mhealth pilots remains limited, health-workers across the continent possess mobile phones. This article draws on interviews from Ghana and Malawi to ask whether/how health-workers are using their phones informally and with wha…
My happiest time” or “my saddest time”? The spatial and generational construction of marriage among youth in rural Malawi and Lesotho
Marriage among African teenagers is currently a central focus of campaigns by UN agencies and international NGO s. Yet marriage has received only limited attention from geographers and has largely escaped the attention of geographers of youth. In this paper we explore the relational geographies of age that underlie young people's motivations for, and experiences of, marriage in two rural African settings with differing marriage practices: matrilo…
Aids-affected young people’s access to livelihood assets
Southern Africa’s exceptionally high HIV prevalence and recurrent food crises prompted De Waal and Whiteside (2003) to hypothesise a 'new variant famine' (NVF) in which inability to access food is driven by the effects of AIDS. Among the tentative explanations are the ‘loss of livelihood skills and assets’ brought about through AIDS’ impacts on rural children. In particular, they suggested that orphaned children may fail to inherit land or other …
West African Worlds
Intergenerational relations and the power of the cell phone
Cell phones present new forms of sociality and new possibilities of encounter for young people across the globe. Nowhere is this more evident than in sub-Saharan Africa where the scale of usage, even among the very poor, is remarkable. In this paper we reflect on the inter-generational encounters which are embedded in young people’s cell phone interactions, and consider the wider societal implications, not least the potential for associated shift…
Informal m-health
The African communications 'revolution' has generated optimism that mobile phones might help overcome infrastructural barriers to healthcare provision in resource-poor contexts. However, while formal m-health programmes remain limited in coverage and scope, young people are using mobile phones creatively and strategically in an attempt to secure effective healthcare. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data collected in 2012-2014 from over 45…
Context Matters
A growing body of research suggests that orphanhood and fostering might be (independently) associated with educational disadvantage in sub-Saharan Africa. However, literature on the impacts of orphanhood and fostering on school enrolment, attendance and progress produces equivocal, and often conflicting, results. This paper reports on quantitative and qualitative data from sixteen field-sites in Ghana and Malawi, highlighting the importance of hi…
Rural young people's opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship in globalised southern Africa
This paper is based on a study with rural young people in Malawi and Lesotho, focusing on their possibilities for accessing (self)employment in the face of the various constraints imposed by their poor rural situations. Participatory group exercises, combined with individual interviews in two rural villages, provided personal stories about jobs and businesses that the young people were engaged in, as well as previous experiences and future plans.…
Children's Geographies
We are delighted and privileged as newly appointed co-editors to be authoring this editorial for Children's Geographies, which has now successfully completed its first decade under the guidance of
Reconceptualising temporality in young lives
In recent years, anxieties have been expressed that the impacts of southern Africa's AIDS pandemic on young people today will damage their future livelihood prospects. Geographers have been remarkably reluctant to explore young people's future livelihoods, inspired by a concern to view young people as human beings, worthy of study in their own right rather than mere human becomings, of interest only as ‘adults in the making’. The connections betw…
What's in a Name? Removing Women from the Women and Geography Study Group
This is a short commentary regarding the change of name of the Women in Geography Study Group
Moving young lives
Young caregivers in the context of the HIV/Aids pandemic in sub‐Saharan Africa
Against a background of rising adult mortality and morbidity in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub‐Saharan Africa, this paper provides both quantitative and qualitative evidence for the existence of a largely neglected group of young people with increased responsibility for caregiving. Using questionnaire surveys, focus groups, storyboards and in‐depth interviews in three studies across Southern and Eastern Africa some young people in Le…
Children at work in rural northern Nigeria
Reconceptualising temporality in young lives
In recent years, anxieties have been expressed that the impacts of southern Africa's AIDS pandemic on young people today will damage their future livelihood prospects. Geographers have been remarkably reluctant to explore young people's future livelihoods, inspired by a concern to view young people as human beings, worthy of study in their own right rather than mere human becomings, of interest only as ‘adults in the making’. The connections betw…
Hidden Child Workers
Drawing on an interview‐based case study of young people caring for dependent adult members of their households in Harare, this paper connects the experiences of young carers in Zimbabwe to global forces—namely the HIV/AIDS pandemic and economic liberalisation. It is argued, firstly, that care‐giving by young people is a largely hidden and unappreciated aspect of national economies which is growing as an outcome of conservative macroeconomic poli…
Context Matters
A growing body of research suggests that orphanhood and fostering might be (independently) associated with educational disadvantage in sub-Saharan Africa. However, literature on the impacts of orphanhood and fostering on school enrolment, attendance and progress produces equivocal, and often conflicting, results. This paper reports on quantitative and qualitative data from sixteen field-sites in Ghana and Malawi, highlighting the importance of hi…
Informal m-health
The African communications 'revolution' has generated optimism that mobile phones might help overcome infrastructural barriers to healthcare provision in resource-poor contexts. However, while formal m-health programmes remain limited in coverage and scope, young people are using mobile phones creatively and strategically in an attempt to secure effective healthcare. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data collected in 2012-2014 from over 45…
Learning from young people about their lives
Methods of participatory research have become popular among children's geographers as they are believed to enable young people to speak openly about their lives in unthreatening contexts. In this article, we reflect on our experience of using participatory methods to explore the sensitive topic of (indirect) impacts of AIDS on young people's livelihoods in Malawi and Lesotho. We examine how different methodological approaches generate varying kno…
Doing it right?’
This paper explores involving children in Malawi in research about young people, mobility and transport, respecting their rights of participation, education, and protection from exploitation. The Malawi study forms one component of a research project taking place in three sub-Saharan African countries. A foundation of the larger project was the conviction that children are experts on their own lives; therefore seeking children's views was essenti…
An Unbelievable Academic and Personal Experience
This paper explores the teaching of geography field courses in Africa for UK university undergraduates. Using largely qualitative feedback, the experiences of students, staff and local communities involved in field courses to Kenya, Zimbabwe and The Gambia are evaluated. Benefits and disbenefits of these field courses to the participating students, the local community and teaching staff are scrutinised. The paper concludes that such field courses…
Invisible carers
Women and young people are disproportionately burdened by the restructuring of healthcare services. Home‐based healthcare provision by children in Zimbabwe is investigated through qualitative interviews with young carers and key informants. The study suggests that young people (especially girls) become carers according to varied personal and household factors in the context of the AIDS pandemic, macro‐economic decline and ESAP‐weakened formal hea…
Where dogs, ghosts and lions roam
This paper draws on mobility research conducted with children in three countries: Ghana, Malawi and South Africa. It has two interlinked aims: to highlight the potential that mobile interviews can offer in research with young people, especially in research contexts where the main focus is on mobility and its impacts, and to contribute empirical evidence regarding the significance of everyday mobility to young people's lives and future life chance…
Daughters of Anowa
Providing an analysis of the lives of African women today from an African woman's perspective, this is the study of the influence of culture and religion on African women's lives. Oduyoye illustrates how myths, proverbs and folk tales operate in the socialization of young women, working to preserve the norms of the community
Ethics committees, journal publication and research with children
Stepping down from co-editing Children’s Geographies and at about the same time taken up a new role as founding chair of the Research and Evaluation Ethics Committee for Save the Children UK stimul
Children as Research Collaborators
This paper reflects on issues raised by work with children in an ongoing child mobility study in three sub‐Saharan African countries: Ghana, Malawi and South Africa. There are now 70 school pupils of varying ages involved in the project, but the paper is particularly concerned with the participation of those children 14 years and under. We examine the significant ethical issues associated with working with younger child researchers, and linked qu…
Child Porterage and Africa’s Transport Gap
Interviews Worth the Tears? Exploring Dilemmas of Research with Young Carers in Zimbabwe
This paper reflects on the complex methodological and ethical issues encountered in an exploratory research study on young carers in Zimbabwe. Several interviews were distressing for the young people interviewed and for the social worker conducting the interviews. The dilemmas raised by interview distress and subsequent withdrawal of co-operation are explored in reflections on the methodology and ethics of researching young people who care
Intergenerational relations and the power of the cell phone
Cell phones present new forms of sociality and new possibilities of encounter for young people across the globe. Nowhere is this more evident than in sub-Saharan Africa where the scale of usage, even among the very poor, is remarkable. In this paper we reflect on the inter-generational encounters which are embedded in young people’s cell phone interactions, and consider the wider societal implications, not least the potential for associated shift…
The ‘Kitchen’ as Women's Space in Rural Hausaland, Northern Nigeria
In Hausa villages of northern Nigeria the kitchen rarely exists as a separate room. Except in very wet or cold weather cooking takes place in the open courtyard of the multi-generational extended family compound, or gida. Cooking for family members is a female activity shared, or rotated, among co-wives in what are more often than not polygamous households. Thus, the kitchen is a site of female co-operation, jealousy and various other charged emo…
My happiest time” or “my saddest time”? The spatial and generational construction of marriage among youth in rural Malawi and Lesotho
Marriage among African teenagers is currently a central focus of campaigns by UN agencies and international NGO s. Yet marriage has received only limited attention from geographers and has largely escaped the attention of geographers of youth. In this paper we explore the relational geographies of age that underlie young people's motivations for, and experiences of, marriage in two rural African settings with differing marriage practices: matrilo…
Income-generating activities for young people in southern Africa
Copyright @ 2010 The Authors. The Geographical Journal © 2010 Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). The published version of the article can be accessed via the link below
Spaces, Times, and Critical Moments
Southern Africa's AIDS epidemic is profoundly spatially and temporally structured; so too are the lives of the young people whose families it blights. In this paper we draw on qualitative research with AIDS-affected young people in Malawi and Lesotho, and recent work theorising time-space in human geography, to examine how time-spaces of AIDS-related sickness and death intersect with the time-spaces of young people and, importantly, those of thei…
Fears for the future
© 2017 The Author(s). Over the past two decades, southern Africa has experienced both exceptionally high AIDS prevalence and recurrent food shortages. International institutions have responded to these challenges by framing them as security concerns that demand urgent intervention. Young people are implicated in both crises and drawn into the securitisation discourse as agents (of risk and protection) and as (potential) victims. However, the conc…
Rural young people's opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship in globalised southern Africa
This paper is based on a study with rural young people in Malawi and Lesotho, focusing on their possibilities for accessing (self)employment in the face of the various constraints imposed by their poor rural situations. Participatory group exercises, combined with individual interviews in two rural villages, provided personal stories about jobs and businesses that the young people were engaged in, as well as previous experiences and future plans.…
Who bears the cost of ‘informal mhealth’? Health-workers’ mobile phone practices and associated political-moral economies of care in Ghana and Malawi
Africa's recent communications 'revolution' has generated optimism that using mobile phones for health (mhealth) can help bridge healthcare gaps, particularly for rural, hard-to-reach populations. However, while scale-up of mhealth pilots remains limited, health-workers across the continent possess mobile phones. This article draws on interviews from Ghana and Malawi to ask whether/how health-workers are using their phones informally and with wha…
The Erasmus experience
Daughters of Anowa
Providing an analysis of the lives of African women today from an African woman's perspective, this is the study of the influence of culture and religion on African women's lives. Oduyoye illustrates how myths, proverbs and folk tales operate in the socialization of young women, working to preserve the norms of the community
Commentaries on Eno Okoko's article, 'Women and environmental change in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
(1999). Commentaries on Eno Okoko's article, 'Women and environmental change in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: Evidence from Ibeno' Gender, Place & Culture: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 379-400
Wife Seclusion and the Spatial Praxis of Gender Ideology in Nigerian Hausaland
In much of Nigerian Hausaland the prevailing religio-cultural ideology of female seclusion (if not always the practice) impinges on married Muslim Hausa women to a greater, or lesser, degree. This article examines the intimate relationships between space, gender and ideology in contemporary rural Hausa society, showing the social construction (and connectedness) of gender identities and associated spatial identities, thus illustrating how spatial…
Invisible carers
Women and young people are disproportionately burdened by the restructuring of healthcare services. Home‐based healthcare provision by children in Zimbabwe is investigated through qualitative interviews with young carers and key informants. The study suggests that young people (especially girls) become carers according to varied personal and household factors in the context of the AIDS pandemic, macro‐economic decline and ESAP‐weakened formal hea…
Interviews Worth the Tears? Exploring Dilemmas of Research with Young Carers in Zimbabwe
This paper reflects on the complex methodological and ethical issues encountered in an exploratory research study on young carers in Zimbabwe. Several interviews were distressing for the young people interviewed and for the social worker conducting the interviews. The dilemmas raised by interview distress and subsequent withdrawal of co-operation are explored in reflections on the methodology and ethics of researching young people who care.
Interviews Worth the Tears? Exploring Dilemmas of Research with Young Carers in Zimbabwe
This paper reflects on the complex methodological and ethical issues encountered in an exploratory research study on young carers in Zimbabwe. Several interviews were distressing for the young people interviewed and for the social worker conducting the interviews. The dilemmas raised by interview distress and subsequent withdrawal of co-operation are explored in reflections on the methodology and ethics of researching young people who care
Youth reproductive health services in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
An Unbelievable Academic and Personal Experience
This paper explores the teaching of geography field courses in Africa for UK university undergraduates. Using largely qualitative feedback, the experiences of students, staff and local communities involved in field courses to Kenya, Zimbabwe and The Gambia are evaluated. Benefits and disbenefits of these field courses to the participating students, the local community and teaching staff are scrutinised. The paper concludes that such field courses…
Children at work in rural northern Nigeria
The Interview Hurdle to Postgraduate Studies and the Job Market
Introduction As you finish your degree what do you do next? Deciding to continue with study or research in geography is a popular choice. A master's course or PhD programme can be the start of a lifelong academic career, or a stepping-stone to all sorts of professions that geography graduates are suited to. A recent Directions article (Kneale, 2002) is full of ideas and helpful tips for geographers seeking a career after graduation. Getting a pla…
Hidden Child Workers
Drawing on an interview‐based case study of young people caring for dependent adult members of their households in Harare, this paper connects the experiences of young carers in Zimbabwe to global forces—namely the HIV/AIDS pandemic and economic liberalisation. It is argued, firstly, that care‐giving by young people is a largely hidden and unappreciated aspect of national economies which is growing as an outcome of conservative macroeconomic poli…
Young caregivers in the context of the HIV/Aids pandemic in sub‐Saharan Africa
Against a background of rising adult mortality and morbidity in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub‐Saharan Africa, this paper provides both quantitative and qualitative evidence for the existence of a largely neglected group of young people with increased responsibility for caregiving. Using questionnaire surveys, focus groups, storyboards and in‐depth interviews in three studies across Southern and Eastern Africa some young people in Le…
The ‘Kitchen’ as Women's Space in Rural Hausaland, Northern Nigeria
In Hausa villages of northern Nigeria the kitchen rarely exists as a separate room. Except in very wet or cold weather cooking takes place in the open courtyard of the multi-generational extended family compound, or gida. Cooking for family members is a female activity shared, or rotated, among co-wives in what are more often than not polygamous households. Thus, the kitchen is a site of female co-operation, jealousy and various other charged emo…
Listening to Geographers from the Global South
That is why you find more lecturers doing consultancy work. We are not getting research grants and as a country, we cannot fight hunger or HIV/AIDS if the university cannot conduct any research ... we have been very patient ... government must invest in education by paying us the money we deserve. (Jessie Kabwila, President of Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Academic Staff Union (quoted in Namangale, 2006 Namangale, F. (2006) Unima stri…
Youth, Aids and Rural Livelihoods in Southern Africa
AIDS, in interaction with other factors, is impacting on the livelihood activities, opportunities and choices of young people in southern Africa. This article explores these linkages firstly by reviewing what is known about the impacts of AIDS on young people, before looking more specifically at how this impinges on their future ability to secure livelihoods. Within the home and family, AIDS often results in youth taking on a heavy burden of resp…
Children caring for parents with HIV and Aids
Children caring for parents with HIV and AIDS: global issues and policy responses." Children's Geographies, 7(4), pp. 487–488
Doing it right?’
This paper explores involving children in Malawi in research about young people, mobility and transport, respecting their rights of participation, education, and protection from exploitation. The Malawi study forms one component of a research project taking place in three sub-Saharan African countries. A foundation of the larger project was the conviction that children are experts on their own lives; therefore seeking children's views was essenti…
The new variant famine hypothesis
A number of southern African countries have experienced food crises during recent years. The fact that the scale of these crises has been disproportionate to the apparent triggers of climatic adversity or production decline has led to the suggestion that they are more closely related to the AIDS pandemic, which is at its most extreme in many of the same countries. This hypothesis, developed by de Waal and Whiteside (2003), has been termed ‘New Va…
Where dogs, ghosts and lions roam
This paper draws on mobility research conducted with children in three countries: Ghana, Malawi and South Africa. It has two interlinked aims: to highlight the potential that mobile interviews can offer in research with young people, especially in research contexts where the main focus is on mobility and its impacts, and to contribute empirical evidence regarding the significance of everyday mobility to young people's lives and future life chance…
Global children, global media
Global children, global media: migration, media and childhood, by Liesbeth de Block and David Buckingham, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, 222 pp., £48.00 (hardback), ISBN-13: 978-0-230-50699
Children as Research Collaborators
This paper reflects on issues raised by work with children in an ongoing child mobility study in three sub‐Saharan African countries: Ghana, Malawi and South Africa. There are now 70 school pupils of varying ages involved in the project, but the paper is particularly concerned with the participation of those children 14 years and under. We examine the significant ethical issues associated with working with younger child researchers, and linked qu…
Moving young lives
The Right to be Properly Researched. How to Do Rights‐Based, Scientific Research with Children
The Right to be Properly Researched. How to Do Rights-Based, Scientific Research with Children: A Set of Ten Manuals for Field Researchers By Judith Ennew, with Tatek Abebe, Rattana Bangyai, Parichart Karapituck, Anne Trine Kjorholt, Thanakorn Noonsup, with additional material from Harriot Beazley, Sharon Bessell, Patima Daengchart-Kushanonglu, Roxana Waterson Bangkok : Black on White Publications, Knowing Children , 2009 ISBN 9786167333014 , 300…
Mobility, surveillance and control of children and young people in the everyday
Surveillance of children and young people in non-Western contexts has received little attention in the literature. In this paper we draw principally on our research in one African country, Malawi, to examine the ways in which their independent travel is shaped by (usually adult-directed) surveillance and control in diverse urban and rural contexts. Surveillance is interpreted very broadly, because our empirical data indicates a range of practices…
Sociology (39 obras) · Political science (34 obras) · Economic growth (27 obras) · Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare (25 obras) · Geography (24 obras) · Psychology (20 obras) · Children's Rights and Participation (19 obras) · Social science (17 obras) · Gender Studies (16 obras) · Economics (15 obras)