William D Crano
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 129137 |
|---|---|
| NOME | William D Crano |
| PRENOMES | William D |
| SOBRENOME | Crano |
| ASSINATURA | CRANO W D |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Claremont Graduate University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3392-6937 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 66 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 334 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 64 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1967 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
The Psychology of Insecurity
Principles and Methods of Social Research
Through a multi-methodology approach, Principles and Methods of Social Research, Fourth Edition covers the latest research techniques and designs and guides readers toward the design and conduct of social research from the ground up. Applauded for its comprehensive coverage, the breadth and depth of content of this new edition is unparalleled. Explained with updated applied examples useful to the social, behavioral, educational, and organizationa…
Psychology of Insecurity
Principles and Methods of Social Research
Cultural drift, indirect minority influence, network structure, and their impacts on cultural change and diversity
The present research investigates how psychological mechanisms and social network structures generate patterns of cultural change and diversity. The two psychological mechanisms studied here are cultural drift and indirect minority influence; the former is parameterized by an error rate ε) and the latter by a leniency threshold (λ). The patterns of cultural change are examined in terms of magnitude (small vs. large), speed (gradual vs. rapid), an…
It's all relative
Guided by vested interest theory, the impact of educating potential organ donors about the beneficial experiences afforded to families of deceased donors was assessed. Participants were informed about these benefits by taking a survey that asked them to indicate both their awareness, and the appeal, of numerous existing benefits (e.g. grief services). We employed a double-sided mixed design. Both the true experimental design and the quasi-experim…
Controlling Language and Irony
High-controlling (HC) language is explicit, clear, and efficient; however, it can be perceived as threatening, thus risking rejection. The benefits and drawbacks of using HC language presents a dilemma for message designers. Psychological reactance researchers have begun to examine strategies designed to utilize the virtues of HC language while mitigating the vices. We conducted three experiments to examine the effectiveness of irony as another s…
Parental Influences on Adolescent Major Depressive Symptoms and Marijuana Use
Measurement in Social Psychology
Although best known for experimental methods, social psychology also has a strong tradition of measurement. This volume seeks to highlight this tradition by introducing readers to measurement strategies that help drive social psychological research and theory development. The books opens with an analysis of the measurement technique that dominates most of the social sciences, self-report. Chapter 1 presents a conceptual framework for interpreting…
Persuasion Theories
Attitude Formation and Change
Social Psychology and Politics
Social Psychology and Politics
Measuring Acculturation Gap Conflicts Among Hispanics
This study examined the factor structure and validity of the Acculturation Gap Conflicts Inventory (AGCI), a new instrument developed to measure the types of recurring conflicts that young people experience as part of the parent-child acculturation gap. Participants included 283 Hispanic young adults who completed the AGCI and existing measures of acculturation, family dynamics, psychosocial, and academic adjustment. Principal axis factor analysi…
Attachment theory and theory of planned behavior
Research indicates that peer and maternal bonds play important but sometimes contrasting roles in the outcomes of children. Less is known about attachment bonds to these 2 reference groups in young adults. Using a sample of 351 participants (18 to 20 years of age), the research integrated two theoretical traditions: attachment theory and theory of planned behavior (TPB). The predictive contribution of both theories was examined in the context of …
Perceptions of Intragroup Rejection and Coping Strategies
Intergroup bias and perceived similarity
Drawing on the social identity theory of leadership and optimal distinctiveness theory, this research examined differences in perceived attitude similarity to in- and outgroup leaders among Liberals and Conservatives before and after the 2008 U.S. presidential election. We predicted Liberals and Conservatives alike would perceive their ingroup leaders (Obama or McCain) to be attitudinally similar to themselves before the election. After the elect…
Perceived discrimination as a risk factor for depressive symptoms and substance use among Hispanic adolescents in Los Angeles
Teaching Hispanic adolescents effective strategies for coping with discrimination, such as increasing their sense of belongingness in the American mainstream, may prove useful in preventing drug use and depressive symptoms
Attitudes and Attitude Change
This volume assembles a distinguished group of international scholars whose chapters on classic and emerging issues in research on attitudes provide an excellent introduction for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. The book’s chapters cover all of the most critical features of attitude measurement, attitude development, and attitude change. Implicit and explicit approaches to measurement and conceptualization are featured throughout, m…
How Minorities Prevail
The pioneering efforts of Moscovici in the late 1960s motivated social psychologists to understand how minority groups affected the majority, and conversely, how the majority affected the minority. The underlying processes of influence have been found to be quite different, and understanding their operation provides insight into the processes of social influence, persuasion, and intragroup conflict and cooperation. This review tracks some of the …
Dimensions of Majority and Minority Groups
Several definitions of majority and minority groups can be found in the social psychological literature. They involve numeric size, power/status, and counternormative position, but size is most commonly used in experimental research to manipulate minority/minority status. Does this practice mirror real-world conceptualizations? To address this question, 77 participants were asked to describe majority and minority groups using a structured openend…
Media representations of majority and minority groups
This research series replicated and extended earlier findings of Gardikiotis, Martin, and Hewstone ( 2004 ), who examined via content analysis UK media representations of numeric majority and minority groups. Using news articles from North and South Dakota, where majority/minority population characteristics mirror those of the UK in terms of number and power, Study 1 replicated the patterns of results found in Gardikiotis et al . Study 2, in whic…
Attitudes and Persuasion
Study of attitudes and persuasion remains a defining characteristic of contemporary social psychology. This review outlines recent advances, with emphasis on the relevance of today's work for perennial issues. We reiterate the distinction between attitude formation and change, and show its relevance for persuasion. Single- and dual-process models are discussed, as are current views on dissonance theory. Majority and minority influence are scrutin…
Principles and Methods of Social Research
An extensive revision, this classic text presents the most recent advances in social research design and methodology. The authors thoroughly describe the research process using methods derived from basic principles of scientific inquiry and demonstrate how they apply to the study of human behavior. These applications make it an indispensable resource for all fields of human social research, particularly communication, psychology, public health, a…
Acculturation, Familism, Parental Monitoring, and Knowledge as Predictors of Marijuana and Inhalant Use in Adolescents.
The authors investigated relationships between marijuana and inhalant use and several cultural and demographic factors in Anglo American and Hispanic American adolescents (N=1,094). Outcome measures assessed lifetime and 30-day marijuana and inhalant use. Predictors and covariates used in logistic regression analyses were region, grade, gender, knowledge, acculturation, familism, and parental monitoring. Hispanic Americans exhibited higher usage …
Inferred evaluation and the relation between attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction
John W. CondonMichigan State UniversityWilliam D. CranoTexas AM holding inferred evaluation constant strongly attenuated thesimilarity-attraction association. Moreover, the inferred evaluation-attraction relation was un-affected when attitude similarity was partialed from it. The correlational pattern is contrary to thatput forward by Byrne (1971) and suggests a reconsideration of the conventional interpretation of thesimilarity-attraction relati…
Indirect minority influence
In-group minorities instigate indirect change because of their distinctiveness, the unexpectedness of their position, and their common identity with their targets. Preliminary study (N = 408) uncovered links among a set of attitudes and revealed participants were unaware of the relationship between some attitudes despite significant correlation and proximity in multidimensional space. Study I (N = 222) advocated a ban of homosexual soldiers attri…
Vested interest as a moderator of attitude–behavior consistency
Perceptions of Intragroup Rejection and Coping Strategies
The leniency contract and persistence of majority and minority influence
Majorities induce public, temporary change, whereas minority influence is indirect and persistent. The contract holds that minority messages are elaborated without derogation or counterargument; in recompense, direct change is repudiated. This response pattern unbalances the constellation of beliefs containing the critical attitude. It is stabilized by modifying related beliefs. These propositions were tested by uncovering links among a set of at…
Perceived discrimination as a risk factor for depressive symptoms and substance use among Hispanic adolescents in Los Angeles
Teaching Hispanic adolescents effective strategies for coping with discrimination, such as increasing their sense of belongingness in the American mainstream, may prove useful in preventing drug use and depressive symptoms
A Re-Examination of the Cross-Cultural Principles of Task Segregation and Sex Role Differentiation in the Family
This study reexamined Parsons' and Bales' proposition that a universal feature of the social structure of the family is sex role specialization of tasks. Applying a newly developed data base (Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas) this research investigated the degree to which males, to the exclusion of females, assumed the role of task specialist in the subsistence economy. In 862 societies, examined over 5 critical subsistence variables, analyses reveal…
Measuring Acculturation Gap Conflicts Among Hispanics
This study examined the factor structure and validity of the Acculturation Gap Conflicts Inventory (AGCI), a new instrument developed to measure the types of recurring conflicts that young people experience as part of the parent-child acculturation gap. Participants included 283 Hispanic young adults who completed the AGCI and existing measures of acculturation, family dynamics, psychosocial, and academic adjustment. Principal axis factor analysi…
Dimensions of Majority and Minority Groups
Several definitions of majority and minority groups can be found in the social psychological literature. They involve numeric size, power/status, and counternormative position, but size is most commonly used in experimental research to manipulate minority/minority status. Does this practice mirror real-world conceptualizations? To address this question, 77 participants were asked to describe majority and minority groups using a structured openend…
Examination of Newcomb's extension of structural balance theory
Testing a Single-Factor Model as an Alternative to the Misuse of Partial Correlations in Hypothesis-Testing Research
The Pervasive Effects of Vested Interest on Attitude–Criterion Consistency in Political Judgment
Vested interest, symbolic politics, and attitude-behavior consistency
A Measure of Adjustment Strain in International Students
To develop a measure of the adjustment strains for international students, more than 250students of high school age, from five South American countries, were assessed twice during their yearlong sojourn in the United States. The Inventory of Student Adjustment Strain (ISAS) was developed and administered twice during the students' sojourn, along with a standard measure of self-concept, which had also been administered prior to students' departure…
Intergroup bias and perceived similarity
Drawing on the social identity theory of leadership and optimal distinctiveness theory, this research examined differences in perceived attitude similarity to in- and outgroup leaders among Liberals and Conservatives before and after the 2008 U.S. presidential election. We predicted Liberals and Conservatives alike would perceive their ingroup leaders (Obama or McCain) to be attitudinally similar to themselves before the election. After the elect…
Context/Categorization Model of Social Influence
A Cross-Cultural Study of Expressive and Instrumental Role Complementarity in the Family
Based on a representative cross-cultural sample of 186 societies, this research sought to extend an earlier investigation of specialization of the instrumental role, by sex, to a similar study of the expressive role in the family. A further aim of this research was the inspection of the Parsons and Bales proposition of complementarity of expressive and instrumental specialization. The results indicated that while women were strongly committed to …
Indirect Minority Influence
This research is concerned with indirect minority influence, the change of attitudes that are related, but not identical, to the issue under persuasive attack. A message on one of two linked attitudes was developed and attributed to in-group minority or majority sources. Analysis of source and pretest timing (immediate vs. 2 weeks before treatment), thought to affect the accessibility of the linked attitude, revealed no effect on focal beliefs. H…
Principles and Methods of Social Research
An extensive revision, this classic text presents the most recent advances in social research design and methodology. The authors thoroughly describe the research process using methods derived from basic principles of scientific inquiry and demonstrate how they apply to the study of human behavior. These applications make it an indispensable resource for all fields of human social research, particularly communication, psychology, public health, a…
Vested interest and symbolic politics—observations and recommendations
Cultural Dimensions Reconsidered
Developments in ethnographic data compilation over the past decade provide the basis for a new and extended study of the dimensions of culture. The approach taken in the current research was to apply various multivariate statistical analyses for the purpose of revealing the dimensions by which culture traits tend to be associated. Based on Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas, 65 cultural traits were coded, scaled, and intercorrelated over a sample of 86…
Attitude Change as a Function of Discrepancy and Source of Influence
How Minorities Prevail
The pioneering efforts of Moscovici in the late 1960s motivated social psychologists to understand how minority groups affected the majority, and conversely, how the majority affected the minority. The underlying processes of influence have been found to be quite different, and understanding their operation provides insight into the processes of social influence, persuasion, and intragroup conflict and cooperation. This review tracks some of the …
The effect of congruous and incongruous source-statement combinations upon the judged credibility of a communication
Judgmental subjectivity/objectivity and locus of choice in social comparison
Complexity of attitude structure and processes of conflict reduction
The effect of congruous and incongruous source-statement combinations upon the judged credibility of a communication
Attitude Change as a Function of Discrepancy and Source of Influence
An Extension of Naroll's Linked Pair Solution to Galton's Problem1
When does dissonance fail? The time dimension in attitude measurement1
Results of previous research dealing with the effect of differential monetary reinforcement (for the composition of a counterattitudinal essay) upon attitude change have been contradictory Cohen (1962), for example, discovered a negative relationship between reinforcement and attitude change, results consistent with dissonance theory expectations, Rosenberg (1965) explained these findings in terms of evaluation apprehension and, eliminating this …
Testing a Single-Factor Model as an Alternative to the Misuse of Partial Correlations in Hypothesis-Testing Research
Effects of Sex, Response Order, and Expertise in Conformity
In this research the effects of sex of both subject and confederate, response order, and perceived confederate expertise upon the establishment and mainte- nance of conformant responses were examined. The subjects' perceptions of the expertise level (high or low) of the confederate was insured by a careful but unobtrusive manipulation. As predicted, sex effects proved minimal when examined across the levels of expertise. The expertise manipulatio…
Examination of Newcomb's extension of structural balance theory
Sources of Bias in the Comparison of Attitude Change Models
Racial factors in helping behavior
A Re-Examination of the Cross-Cultural Principles of Task Segregation and Sex Role Differentiation in the Family
This study reexamined Parsons' and Bales' proposition that a universal feature of the social structure of the family is sex role specialization of tasks. Applying a newly developed data base (Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas) this research investigated the degree to which males, to the exclusion of females, assumed the role of task specialist in the subsistence economy. In 862 societies, examined over 5 critical subsistence variables, analyses reveal…
Black Boy and Manchild in the Promised Land
Traditionally, content analysis has been used in systematic exploration of the manifest content of communication (Berelson, 1952). The latitude allowed in description of general research technique has been well realized in sociological and psychological literature, as content analytic investigations have ranged from study of propaganda, poetry, and magazine content to settling of disputed authorship of historical documents (Holsti, 1969). Of part…
Reply to Carroll
Reply to Whyte
Patterns of Cultural Diffusion
While the possibility of cultural diffusion is certain, the relationship be tween the trait content and the diffusion process is not sufficiently un derstood. The current research relies upon general systems as a dynamic, interpretatiLe model to achieve some further empirically-based explication of cultural diffusion. The approach of this study was to structure ethno graphic data for correlational comparisons which would show diffusion tendencies…
Cultural Dimensions Reconsidered
Developments in ethnographic data compilation over the past decade provide the basis for a new and extended study of the dimensions of culture. The approach taken in the current research was to apply various multivariate statistical analyses for the purpose of revealing the dimensions by which culture traits tend to be associated. Based on Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas, 65 cultural traits were coded, scaled, and intercorrelated over a sample of 86…
A Cross-Cultural Study of Expressive and Instrumental Role Complementarity in the Family
Based on a representative cross-cultural sample of 186 societies, this research sought to extend an earlier investigation of specialization of the instrumental role, by sex, to a similar study of the expressive role in the family. A further aim of this research was the inspection of the Parsons and Bales proposition of complementarity of expressive and instrumental specialization. The results indicated that while women were strongly committed to …
An analysis of the role and trait components of sex-biased occupational beliefs
Vested interest as a moderator of attitude-behavior consistency
Vested interest as a moderator of attitude–behavior consistency
Conceptual Development in the Social Sciences, with Special References to Role Complementarity in the Family
The influence of incentive-aroused ambivalence on overjustification effects in attitude change
Overjustification, assumed consensus, and attitude change
Inferred evaluation and the relation between attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction
John W. CondonMichigan State UniversityWilliam D. CranoTexas AM holding inferred evaluation constant strongly attenuated thesimilarity-attraction association. Moreover, the inferred evaluation-attraction relation was un-affected when attitude similarity was partialed from it. The correlational pattern is contrary to thatput forward by Byrne (1971) and suggests a reconsideration of the conventional interpretation of thesimilarity-attraction relati…
Whatever became of Kurt Lewin? Reactions to nuttin's quasi‐social analysis of social behaviour
Psychology (58 obras) · Social Psychology (43 obras) · Social Psychology (29 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (28 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (22 obras) · Sociology (19 obras) · Political science (13 obras) · Law (10 obras) · Politics (10 obras) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (9 obras)