Emily Apter
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 133170 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Emily Apter |
| PRENOMES | Emily |
| SOBRENOME | Apter |
| ASSINATURA | APTER E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | New York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4986-1747 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 70 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 200 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 69 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1987 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Reading Fore
This essay tracks the history and theory of the critical reading as it emerged from structuralism, poststructuralism, and reception theory and prepared the ground for contemporary debates around postcritical reading, “sovereign reading” (as theorized by Peter Szendy), and what is referred to as “reading fore”—in the sense of preparing for or setting up a reading that conjures an absent subject through vocative modes of address. Drawing on Barbara…
Imaginative and Innovative Uses of Law
Carcerally Speaking
This essay looks at the limitations of the legal purchase of “freedom of speech” in relation to what the author terms “speech unfreedoms” or “carcerally speaking,” both expressions understood as conditions of utterance inflected and curtailed by structural racism. The essay examines the work of artists and writers whose work speaks to current political struggles over free speech, due process, bodily autonomy, and racial pessimism
Line as Language, or, What Is Mel Bochner Translating
Taking off from Rosalind Krauss's suggestive phrase Line as Language, this essay focuses on Mel Bochner as a pivotal figure in the history of art's engagement with translation across verbal and visual media. Alongside contemporaries such as Robert Smithson, Sol LeWitt and Lawrence Weiner, Bochner explored what happens to elements of verbal communication—words, statements, phrases—when they are looked at, be it as physical properties of paint, mat…
Conception
Straddling the fields of law, philosophy, and reproductive justice, this essay explores how the law understands conception through the notion of the contracepted person. A figurehead of "personhood absolutism," this hypothetical ghost-being is foreclosed by contraceptive medication yet nonetheless "lives" in a blurry, imaginary legal forcefield of the unconceived: it is strategically assigned persona-hood, along with some kind of legal status, if…
Planetary Concept-work
Starting with an example of philological method drawn from Leo Spitzer's essay titled "Linguistics and Literary History" (1948), which, for many years, served as a foundational text of the discipline of comparative literature, this article delineates some of the reasons why philology, especially in its most specialized guises, became an outmoded discipline in contemporary pedagogies of the humanities. A case is made, however, for "philology now" …
Material in its fashion
This article examines Proust's fascination with the dress as a site of transmaterial and transhistorical transformation. Descriptions of the Fortuny gown evoke its ability to conjure the visual and tactile qualities of ancient sculpture, architecture, and textile arts. The pleats and folds of the Fortuny become a medium through which the novel explores the dialectic between liquid and frozen temporalities, as well as the interplay between gender,…
Thinking with an Accent
Thinking with an Accent casts accent as a powerfully coded yet underexplored mode of perception shaping our global cultural economy. Theorizing accent as a mediatized object, an interdisciplinary method, and an embodied practice, this volume invites readers to think with an accent-to practice a dialogical, multisensorial inquiry that can yield transformative modalities of knowledge, action, and care
Thinking with an Accent
Cultural, and Critical Theory panel "Thinking, Making, and Doing with an Accent" (convened by Ragini and Reid Gómez), and the Global Anglophone Forum's "Accents of the Anglophone" panel at the 2023 MLA for welcoming us into their conversations, and for their terrific engagement with our work.As editors, the four of us have forged a tight bond.Co-editing an anthology and writing together, we have learned, is an exercise in trust.But trust, it turn…
Creative Writing and Critical Thought II Interpreters in Court
The following exchange is the edited transcript of an event that took place online on February 24, 2022. The conversation is the second in a series jointly sponsored by New Literary History and the Center for Fiction that brings together novelists and poets with literary theorists and historians to create a series of in-depth conversations about the state of literary practice and study in the contemporary world
Corporate Personhood as the New Leviathan
This essay situates Lisa Siraganian’s important book, Modernism and the Meaning of Corporate Persons, within the law and literature field and in relation to the more specialized subfields of literature and liberalism, legalism, and critical race studies of fugitive property. It discusses Siraganian’s nuanced account of corporate personhood, exploring its implications for legal arguments pertaining to fetal personhood post-Dobbs, and for broader p…
A Conversation with Aliza Shvarts
Aliza Shvarts first came to widespread attention when her Untitled [Senior Thesis] (2008), consisting of a yearlong performance of self-induced miscarriages, was declared a "fiction" by Yale University and censored from public exhibition. That controversial work was on view for the first time in New York as part of her 2020 exhibition Purported at Art in General. It frames the areas of inquiry she has continued to explore: how the body means and …
On Epigenesis
On Epigenesis" consists of a series of interrelated short articles examining the philosophical concept of epigenesis, with a particular focus on Catherine Malabou's development of it in contemporary thought. Alexander Miller introduces the topic of epigenesis and considers its significance as a new paradigm. He also presents the reader with an overview of Malabou's work on the topic: Drawing from recent advances in the life sciences as well as th…
Get Your Knee Off Our Neck
What Is Just Translation
This article summarizes a broader project on "just translation" that attempts to rethink translation in the framework of Western philosophies of right, Sittlichkeit (ethical norms, customs, practices), and theories of justice (Plato, Hegel, Rawls), as well as of recent work on "postcolonial justice" that negotiates the collision between the drive toward universality and the normative, on the one hand, and the drive toward difference, on the other…
Thinking with Balibar
Untranslatability and the Geopolitics of Reading
When erich auerbach was living in Turkey, exiled from Germany and helping Kemal Ataturk set up a humanities curriculum at the University of Istanbul, he wrote a much-discussed letter to Walter Benjamin on 12 December 1936 in which he alluded to his dislocation as a European humanist trying to orient himself in relation to a Turkish-language politics that radically estranged prior print cultures: Man hat hier alle Tradition über Bord geworfen und …
Alphabetic Memes
Memes are an increasingly omnipresent political technology in the age of Trump, weaponized by troll armies, while at the same time reviving oppositional genres of caricature and satire that are in turn conducive to new forms of political literacy. As a medium, the meme is a mechanism of transliteration, translating affects into icons that read out visually and orthographically, as alphabet, cipher, rebus, anagram, tag, GIF, secret message. In the…
Feminizing the Fetish
Further refer ences to this work will be abbreviated "F."1. Maurice Heine, "Notes sur un classement psycho-biologique des paresthesies sexuelles," Minotaure, no.3-4 (Dec.1933) : 36.des maigriottes, etendues sur le ventre, la tete dans les mains, accroupies comme des chiennes, sur un tabouret, accrochees comme des oripeaux, sur des coins de divans, les cheveux edifies de toutes sortes: spirales ondees, frisons crepeles, boucles rondissantes, chign…
Feminizing the Fetish
Maurice Heine, "Notes sur un classement psycho-biologique des paresthesies sexuelles," Minotaure, no.3-4 (Dec.1933) : 36.des maigriottes, etendues sur le ventre, la tete dans les mains, accroupies comme des chiennes, sur un tabouret, accrochees comme des oripeaux, sur des coins de divans, les cheveux edifies de toutes sortes: spirales ondees, frisons crepeles, boucles rondissantes, chignons gigantesques, constelles de marguerites blanches et roug…
Mark Sanders’ Learning Zulu
Mark Sanders’ Learning Zulu cuts through mythic constructs of “Zulu-ness” and the history of African national languages along the axis of a psychopolitics of language-learning that is itself anchor
Ethnographic Travesties
Citizen Subject
What can the universals of political philosophy offer to those who experience “the living paradox of an inegalitarian construction of egalitarian citizenship”? This title considers the necessary and necessarily antagonistic relation between the categories of citizen and subject. In this book, the question of modernity is framed anew with special attention to the self-enunciation of the subject (in Descartes, Locke, Rousseau, and Derrida), the con…
Shibboleth
Drawing on the work of Lawrence Abu Hamdan, a British-Lebanese artist and researcher currently based in Beirut, this essay examines the juridical and conceptual field of critical forensis which is situated at the juncture of security studies, art, and architecture. Abu Hamdan extends forensics to the area of "new audibilities," with a focus on the politics of juridical hearing in situations of legal-identity profiling and voice authentication (th…
A Questionnaire on Materialisms
Recent philosophical tendencies of "Actor-Network Theory," "Object-Oriented Ontology," and "Speculative Realism" have profoundly challenged the centrality of subjectivity in the humanities, and many artists and curators, particularly in the UK, Germany, and the United States, appear deeply influenced by this shift from epistemology to ontology. October editors asked artists, historians, and philosophers invested in these projects-from Graham Harm…
GlobalTranslatio
Visual Culture Questionnaire
1. It has been suggested that the interdisciplinary project of is no longer organized on the model of (as were the disciplines of art history, architectural history, film history, etc.) but on the model of anthropology. Hence, it is argued by some that visual culture is in an eccentric (even, at times, antagonistic) position with regard to the new art history with its social-historical and semiotic imperatives and models of context and text
On Translation in a Global Market
T ranslation in a Global Market" focuses on the extent to which global artists, video makers, and writers consciously or unconsciously build translatability into their art forms.This special issue of Public Culture finds inspiration in Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno's midcentury critique of the American "culture industry" in the famous chapter, "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception," of their Dialectic of Enlightenment. 1 But …
Feminizing the Fetish
Maurice Heine, "Notes sur un classement psycho-biologique des paresthesies sexuelles," Minotaure, no.3-4 (Dec.1933) : 36.des maigriottes, etendues sur le ventre, la tete dans les mains, accroupies comme des chiennes, sur un tabouret, accrochees comme des oripeaux, sur des coins de divans, les cheveux edifies de toutes sortes: spirales ondees, frisons crepeles, boucles rondissantes, chignons gigantesques, constelles de marguerites blanches et roug…
Untranslatables
brooks obvious dangers. Postnationalism can lead to blindness toward economic and national power struggles that literary politics often front for, while potentially minimizing conflict among interests of monocultural states and multilingual communities (as in current U.S. policy that uses an agenda of cultural homogeneity to patrol immigrant languages and to curtail bilingual education). National neutrality can also lead, problematically, to prom…
Thinking with an Accent
Cultural, and Critical Theory panel "Thinking, Making, and Doing with an Accent" (convened by Ragini and Reid Gómez), and the Global Anglophone Forum's "Accents of the Anglophone" panel at the 2023 MLA for welcoming us into their conversations, and for their terrific engagement with our work.As editors, the four of us have forged a tight bond.Co-editing an anthology and writing together, we have learned, is an exercise in trust.But trust, it turn…
A Questionnaire on Materialisms
Recent philosophical tendencies of "Actor-Network Theory," "Object-Oriented Ontology," and "Speculative Realism" have profoundly challenged the centrality of subjectivity in the humanities, and many artists and curators, particularly in the UK, Germany, and the United States, appear deeply influenced by this shift from epistemology to ontology. October editors asked artists, historians, and philosophers invested in these projects-from Graham Harm…
Continental Drift
From xenophobic appropriations of Joan of Arc to Afro-futurism and cyberpunk, the characters of the colonial era often seem to be dissolving into postnational and virtual subjects. In Continental Drift, Emily Apter deftly analyzes the French colonial and postcolonial experience as a case study in the erosion of belief in national destiny and the emergence of technologically mediated citizenship. Among the many topics Apter explores are the fate o…
Technics of the Subject
This essay considers the digital avatar not simply as a name for a virtual double of the player of videogames, but as bound to or manifesting psychological drive, a kind of homunculus of the drive. Drawing on a wide range of theories that have informed technical constructions of the subject, it applies in particular an important moment in Lacan's description of the drive to the concept of the gaming "avatar." It argues that the avatar is a varian…
Thinking with an Accent
Thinking with an Accent casts accent as a powerfully coded yet underexplored mode of perception shaping our global cultural economy. Theorizing accent as a mediatized object, an interdisciplinary method, and an embodied practice, this volume invites readers to think with an accent-to practice a dialogical, multisensorial inquiry that can yield transformative modalities of knowledge, action, and care
Shibboleth
Drawing on the work of Lawrence Abu Hamdan, a British-Lebanese artist and researcher currently based in Beirut, this essay examines the juridical and conceptual field of critical forensis which is situated at the juncture of security studies, art, and architecture. Abu Hamdan extends forensics to the area of "new audibilities," with a focus on the politics of juridical hearing in situations of legal-identity profiling and voice authentication (th…
"Women's Time" in Theory
Taking Julia Kristeva's "Women's Time" as its point of departure, this article considers contemporary feminist theory and its contributions to recent theoretical paradigms of temporality. From Kristeva's understanding of women's subjectivity in relation to "linear time as the time of project and history," this essay engages the various ways that feminism has thought the temporal, arriving at a notion of the démodé. The démodé, in its multivalent …
Afterword
Research Article| November 01 2009 Afterword Emily Apter, Emily Apter Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Elaine Freedgood Elaine Freedgood Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Representations (2009) 108 (1): 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1525/rep.2009.108.1.139 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Fac…
Female Trouble in the Colonial Harem
Research Article| April 01 1992 Female Trouble in the Colonial Harem Emily Apter Emily Apter Emily Apter teaches in the French and Italian department at the University of California, Davis. She is the author of Feminizing the Fetish: Psychoanalysis and Narrative Obsession in Turn-of-the-Century France (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1991) and co-editor with William Pietz of "Fetishism as Cultural Discourse," forthcoming from Cornell UP. Search for other wor…
What Is Just Translation
This article summarizes a broader project on "just translation" that attempts to rethink translation in the framework of Western philosophies of right, Sittlichkeit (ethical norms, customs, practices), and theories of justice (Plato, Hegel, Rawls), as well as of recent work on "postcolonial justice" that negotiates the collision between the drive toward universality and the normative, on the one hand, and the drive toward difference, on the other…
Translation at the checkpoint
This article provides an overview of the contemporary theoretical and artistic landscape related to the material borders of state sovereignty. It opens by exploring Palestinian multimedia artist Khaled Jarrar’s At the Checkpoint (2007, 2009), an exhibition of photographs physically installed at the Howarra and Qalandia checkpoints in the West Bank. With reference to the aesthetic refunctioning in Jarrar’s work of such sites of control, the articl…
Planetary Dysphoria
Planetary dysphoria is the term coined by the author to capture the geopsychoanalytic state of the world at its most depressed and unruhig, awaiting the triumphant revenge of acid, oil and dust. The article considers practices giving expression to this emergent planetary aesthetic, informed by a newfound sensitivity to the real and imagined processes of the earth's destruction and the end of life as we know it. No single or simple politics corres…
Saidian Humanism
Research Article| May 01 2004 Saidian Humanism Emily Apter Emily Apter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google boundary 2 (2004) 31 (2): 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1215/01903659-31-2-35 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Emily Apter; Saidian Humanism. boundary 2 1 May 2004; 31 (2): 35–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/01903659-31-2-35 Download citation file: Zotero Re…
The Aesthetics of Critical Habitats
January 01 2002 The Aesthetics of Critical Habitats Emily Apter Emily Apter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Emily Apter Online Issn: 1536-013X Print Issn: 0162-2870 © 2002 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology2002 October (2002) (99): 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1162/016228702317274620 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Ma…
French Colonial Studies and Postocolonial Theory
AS THE FRENCH, ALONG WITH OTHER NATIONAL SUBJECTS within the new Europe, find themselves interrogating the boundaries and limits of national identity in the light of rising anti-Semitism, ethnic cleansing, racial or ethnic claims to citizenry, and the socio-economic pressures of immigration, those concerned with the global politics of French culture have found themselves drawn to postcolonial theory as a source of useful, if often problematic, cr…
Lexilalia
Lexilalia, a kind of repetition disorder or form of 'repeat-after-reading', is contextualized in this article as a term for continual or interminable translation. Barbara Cassin has emphasized how one definition of the 'Untranslatable' is temporal, associated with a symptomatic condition of 'keeping on translating'. In extending Cassin's 'time' of translation to the psychic condition of translating philosophical terms and working with encyclopedi…
Crossover Texts/Creole Tongues
Public Culture - Volume 13, Number 1, Winter 2001
Untranslatable' Algeria
Out of Character
MLN - Volume 112, Number 4, September 1997 (French Issue)
Alphabetic Memes
Memes are an increasingly omnipresent political technology in the age of Trump, weaponized by troll armies, while at the same time reviving oppositional genres of caricature and satire that are in turn conducive to new forms of political literacy. As a medium, the meme is a mechanism of transliteration, translating affects into icons that read out visually and orthographically, as alphabet, cipher, rebus, anagram, tag, GIF, secret message. In the…
Texte
The Garden of Scopic Perversion from Monet to Mirbeau
In his attempt to give ocular disorders a psychoanalytical interpretation Freud cited the tale of Lady Godiva. This beautiful legend, he wrote, tells how all the town's inhabitants hid behind their shuttered windows, so as to make easier the lady's task of riding naked through the streets in broad daylight, and how the only man who peeped through the shutters at her revealed loveliness was punished by going blind.1 For Freud, the fate of the rene…
"Fetishism and Visual Seduction in Mary Kelly's "Interim
How is a radical, critical and pleasurable positioning of the woman as spectator to be accomplished?' This question, posed by Mary Kelly in an essay in 1984 and echoed by Griselda Pollock in her Vision and Difference of 1988, remains as vexing as ever in the 1990s. As before, the theorization of female spectatorship hinges on the old binaries: male subject, female object; masculine observer, feminine representation; active, sadistic look versus p…
Female Trouble in the Colonial Harem
Research Article| April 01 1992 Female Trouble in the Colonial Harem Emily Apter Emily Apter Emily Apter teaches in the French and Italian department at the University of California, Davis. She is the author of Feminizing the Fetish: Psychoanalysis and Narrative Obsession in Turn-of-the-Century France (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1991) and co-editor with William Pietz of "Fetishism as Cultural Discourse," forthcoming from Cornell UP. Search for other wor…
Chapter 11. Ethnographic Travesties
Ethnographic Travesties
Cultural studies and philosophy
(1995). Cultural studies and philosophy. Parallax: Vol. 1, Cultural Studies and Philosophy, pp. 93-117
French Colonial Studies and Postocolonial Theory
AS THE FRENCH, ALONG WITH OTHER NATIONAL SUBJECTS within the new Europe, find themselves interrogating the boundaries and limits of national identity in the light of rising anti-Semitism, ethnic cleansing, racial or ethnic claims to citizenry, and the socio-economic pressures of immigration, those concerned with the global politics of French culture have found themselves drawn to postcolonial theory as a source of useful, if often problematic, cr…
Visual Culture Questionnaire
1. It has been suggested that the interdisciplinary project of is no longer organized on the model of (as were the disciplines of art history, architectural history, film history, etc.) but on the model of anthropology. Hence, it is argued by some that visual culture is in an eccentric (even, at times, antagonistic) position with regard to the new art history with its social-historical and semiotic imperatives and models of context and text
Out of Character
MLN - Volume 112, Number 4, September 1997 (French Issue)
Untranslatable' Algeria
The Human in the Humanities
In 1948 the literary critic Leo Spitzer published his celebrated essay Linguistics and Literary History. Originally titled Thinking in the Humanities when it was delivered a lecture at Princeton to the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, it became a foundational text and curricular staple in the burgeoning field of Comparative Literature and in the sciences generally. From Spitzer to Paul de Man, etymological method fired debates arou…
Crossover Texts/Creole Tongues
Public Culture - Volume 13, Number 1, Winter 2001
Balkan Babel
Public Culture - Volume 13, Number 1, Winter 2001
On Translation in a Global Market
T ranslation in a Global Market" focuses on the extent to which global artists, video makers, and writers consciously or unconsciously build translatability into their art forms.This special issue of Public Culture finds inspiration in Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno's midcentury critique of the American "culture industry" in the famous chapter, "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception," of their Dialectic of Enlightenment. 1 But …
Continental Drift
From xenophobic appropriations of Joan of Arc to Afro-futurism and cyberpunk, the characters of the colonial era often seem to be dissolving into postnational and virtual subjects. In Continental Drift, Emily Apter deftly analyzes the French colonial and postcolonial experience as a case study in the erosion of belief in national destiny and the emergence of technologically mediated citizenship. Among the many topics Apter explores are the fate o…
The Aesthetics of Critical Habitats
January 01 2002 The Aesthetics of Critical Habitats Emily Apter Emily Apter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Emily Apter Online Issn: 1536-013X Print Issn: 0162-2870 © 2002 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology2002 October (2002) (99): 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1162/016228702317274620 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Ma…
GlobalTranslatio
Weaponized Thought
January 01 2004 Weaponized Thought: Ethical Militance and the Group-Subject Emily Apter Emily Apter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Emily Apter Online Issn: 1536-0105 Print Issn: 1526-3819 © 2004 Grey Room, Inc. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology2004 Grey Room (2004) (14): 6–25. https://doi.org/10.1162/152638104322894886 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook T…
Weaponizing the Femme Fatale
(2004). Weaponizing the Femme Fatale: Rachilde's Lethal Amazon, La Marquise de Sade. Fashion Theory: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 251-265
Saidian Humanism
Research Article| May 01 2004 Saidian Humanism Emily Apter Emily Apter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google boundary 2 (2004) 31 (2): 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1215/01903659-31-2-35 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Emily Apter; Saidian Humanism. boundary 2 1 May 2004; 31 (2): 35–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/01903659-31-2-35 Download citation file: Zotero Re…
En-Chôra
July 01 2005 En-Chôra Emily Apter Emily Apter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Emily Apter Online ISSN: 1536-0105 Print ISSN: 1526-3819 © 2005 Grey Room, Inc. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology2005 Grey Room (2005) (20): 80–83. https://doi.org/10.1162/1526381054573541 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Views Icon Views Article contents…
Theorizing Francophonie
Research Article| January 01 2005 Theorizing Francophonie Emily Apter Emily Apter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Comparative Literature Studies (2005) 42 (4): 297–311. https://doi.org/10.2307/40247505 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Emily Apter; Theorizing Francophonie. Comparative Literature Studies 1 January 2005; 42 (4): 297–311. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/40247505 Download…
The Translation Zone
Translation, before 9/11, was deemed primarily an instrument of international relations, business, education, and culture. Today it seems, more than ever, a matter of war and peace. In The Translation Zone , Emily Apter argues that the field of translation studies, habitually confined to a framework of linguistic fidelity to an original, is ripe for expansion as the basis for a new comparative literature. Organized around a series of propositions…
Translatio globale
The paradoxical birth of comparative literature, through two polyglot exiles (Spitzer then Auerbach) from an ultra-nationalist Germany, in the thirties in Istambul, then undergoing both nationalism and romanisation, is usually either forgotten, or looked at with suspicion, given Spitzer?s insistence on the originality proper of any language and literature within comparative literature?s object. But that may be the point, as well as the point of a…
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