Marc P Armstrong
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1340243 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Marc P Armstrong |
| PRENOMES | Marc P |
| SOBRENOME | Armstrong |
| ASSINATURA | ARMSTRONG M P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Iowa |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5983-7417 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 16 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 16 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1997 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
U.S. Census Bureau Area Measurements for Sub-County Areas and Clarence Batschelet’s U.S. Population Density Map of 1942
During the Second World War, the U.S. Bureau of the Census published a novel population density map for the U.S. that used minor civil divisions as its areal basis. Prior to that time, the national-level area measurements required to calculate densities for such sub-county units were unavailable. The data that enabled the production of the map published in 1942 were collected by clerical workers who were employed as part of a joint project betwee…
Active symbolism
Conventional cartography practices situate a cartographer in a computer environment in which choices are made about a limited number of map characteristics. A map is then produced using these choices. Such maps are often judged inadequate and an alternative will be generated, typically by changing a parameter value. This does not always lead to a satisfactory outcome, particularly when, as is increasingly common, novices are involved in mapmaking…
The Internet of Things and fast data streams
This paper surveys the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the massive data streams that are only now beginning to be generated from it, and the resulting opportunities and challenges that these data streams bring to geographic information analysis. These challenges arise because streaming data volumes cannot bt subjected to analysis using the standard repertoire of methods that have been designed to analyze static geospatial datasets. N…
Retrospective Deconstruction of Statistical Maps
The process of creating printed statistical maps in the predigital era was expensive and time consuming. These and other interacting factors constrained the number of design alternatives, such as color choices, that a cartographer might reasonably have been able to consider. In this article, we develop an approach to map deconstruction that enables researchers to investigate the statistical choices made by cartographers by placing each printed ma…
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a computing paradigm that employs networked and distributed hardware and software services. These services can be flexibly configured to meet different levels of demand or budget constraints. Geospatial applications of cloud computing exploit large memory resources and distributed parallelism to yield substantial performance benefits that are normally obtained at a low cost to the end user.
How large is Aroostook County? Exploring the historical mutability of US county area measurements
Area measurements play a prominent role in many types of geographical and historical analyses. The accuracy and precision of such measurements, however, are dependent on a host of input factors, including the type of instrumentation used as well as the scale and projection of the source map and its level of cartographic generalization. As a consequence of variability in these inputs, published area measures change over time. This paper reviews th…
Towards a Multiobjective View of Cartographic Design
Cartographers must make numerous decisions during the process of constructing a map. In the present era, when spatial data sets are abundant and mapping software is accessible to the general public, cartographic knowledge developed in the literature is under-used and threatened with irrelevance. We view cartographic design as a multiobjective problem solving process that must meet many, often conflicting, goals. The application of this multiobjec…
The Illinois Resource Information System
The Illinois Resource Information System (IRIS) was designed and implemented in the early 1970s by computer scientists at the University of Illinois. These researchers did not continue to work in the emerging field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and as a consequence, IRIS innovations were not reported in the GIS literature. IRIS operated across the then-new ARPANet, making it the first networked GIS. The system also had an interactive q…
Geographic Information Technologies and Personal Privacy
Concepts of privacy are fluid. They change according to historical contingencies and are mediated by technology. Geospatial technologies are now altering the way privacy is being considered. Remote sensing technologies can be used to observe, or infer, the locations of individuals from space, from remotely piloted aircraft, and from fixed terrestrial observation points. Other geospatial technologies can be used to track movements and to recover i…
Supporting the Comparison of Choropleth Maps Using an Evolutionary Algorithm
Choropleth maps can be used to compare the patterns exhibited by different spatial variables. In this paper, we develop an evolutionary algorithm that can be used to generate classifications that allow a user to explore the spatial patterns of multiple choropleth maps in terms of their visual correlation and the equality of area contained in each class. Synthetic and census data are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach
Exploring the Geographic Consequences of Public Policies Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Public policies with geographical consequences are often difficult to analyze because they affect multiple stakeholders with competing objectives. While such problems fall conceptually into the domain of multiobjective evaluation, associated analytical techniques often search for a single optimum solution. Within the context of geographical problems, optimality often means different things to different stakeholders and, thus, an optimum optimorum…
Using Genetic Algorithms to Create Multicriteria Class Intervals for Choropleth Maps
During the past three decades a large body of research has investigated the problem of specifying class intervals for choropleth maps. This work, however, has focused almost exclusively on placing observations in quasi-continuous data distributions into ordinal bins along the number line. All enumeration units that fall into each bin are then assigned an areal symbol that is used to create the choropleth map. The geographical characteristics of t…
Using Evolutionary Algorithms to Generate Alternatives for Multiobjective Site-Search Problems
Multiobjective site-search problems are a class of decision problems that have geographical components and multiple, often conflicting, objectives; this kind of problem is often encountered and is technically difficult to solve. In this paper we describe an evolutionary algorithm (EA) based approach that can be used to address such problems. We first describe the general design of EAs that can be used to generate alternatives that are optimal or …
Geography and Computational Science
(2000). Geography and Computational Science. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 90, No. 1, pp. 146-156
Exploring the Use of Buffer Analysis for the Identification of Impacted Areas in Environmental Equity Assessment
Though circular buffer zones are commonly used in environmental equity assessment, the results obtained may not be entirely accurate because physical processes rarely operate in a perfectly symmetrical manner. An integrated approach, known as geographic plume analysis, accounts for directional biases in the distribution of hazards by using a chemical dispersion model to identify areas that are likely to be exposed to toxic releases. In this paper…
Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Cartographic Visualization of Network Information
Geographic information systems (GIS) are now widely used to manage and visualize transportation and other network information and to plan for changes in network infrastructure. As GIS technology becomes more portable and as planning styles evolve, these network data and derived analyses will be presented, sometimes interactively, not only to professional analysts but also to a wider audience of administrators, planners, and the general public. Su…
Geography and Computational Science
(2000). Geography and Computational Science. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 90, No. 1, pp. 146-156
Using Genetic Algorithms to Create Multicriteria Class Intervals for Choropleth Maps
During the past three decades a large body of research has investigated the problem of specifying class intervals for choropleth maps. This work, however, has focused almost exclusively on placing observations in quasi-continuous data distributions into ordinal bins along the number line. All enumeration units that fall into each bin are then assigned an areal symbol that is used to create the choropleth map. The geographical characteristics of t…
Using Evolutionary Algorithms to Generate Alternatives for Multiobjective Site-Search Problems
Multiobjective site-search problems are a class of decision problems that have geographical components and multiple, often conflicting, objectives; this kind of problem is often encountered and is technically difficult to solve. In this paper we describe an evolutionary algorithm (EA) based approach that can be used to address such problems. We first describe the general design of EAs that can be used to generate alternatives that are optimal or …
Towards a Multiobjective View of Cartographic Design
Cartographers must make numerous decisions during the process of constructing a map. In the present era, when spatial data sets are abundant and mapping software is accessible to the general public, cartographic knowledge developed in the literature is under-used and threatened with irrelevance. We view cartographic design as a multiobjective problem solving process that must meet many, often conflicting, goals. The application of this multiobjec…
Supporting the Comparison of Choropleth Maps Using an Evolutionary Algorithm
Choropleth maps can be used to compare the patterns exhibited by different spatial variables. In this paper, we develop an evolutionary algorithm that can be used to generate classifications that allow a user to explore the spatial patterns of multiple choropleth maps in terms of their visual correlation and the equality of area contained in each class. Synthetic and census data are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach
Exploring the Geographic Consequences of Public Policies Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Public policies with geographical consequences are often difficult to analyze because they affect multiple stakeholders with competing objectives. While such problems fall conceptually into the domain of multiobjective evaluation, associated analytical techniques often search for a single optimum solution. Within the context of geographical problems, optimality often means different things to different stakeholders and, thus, an optimum optimorum…
The Internet of Things and fast data streams
This paper surveys the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the massive data streams that are only now beginning to be generated from it, and the resulting opportunities and challenges that these data streams bring to geographic information analysis. These challenges arise because streaming data volumes cannot bt subjected to analysis using the standard repertoire of methods that have been designed to analyze static geospatial datasets. N…
Exploring the Use of Buffer Analysis for the Identification of Impacted Areas in Environmental Equity Assessment
Though circular buffer zones are commonly used in environmental equity assessment, the results obtained may not be entirely accurate because physical processes rarely operate in a perfectly symmetrical manner. An integrated approach, known as geographic plume analysis, accounts for directional biases in the distribution of hazards by using a chemical dispersion model to identify areas that are likely to be exposed to toxic releases. In this paper…
Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Cartographic Visualization of Network Information
Geographic information systems (GIS) are now widely used to manage and visualize transportation and other network information and to plan for changes in network infrastructure. As GIS technology becomes more portable and as planning styles evolve, these network data and derived analyses will be presented, sometimes interactively, not only to professional analysts but also to a wider audience of administrators, planners, and the general public. Su…
Geography and Computational Science
(2000). Geography and Computational Science. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 90, No. 1, pp. 146-156
Using Evolutionary Algorithms to Generate Alternatives for Multiobjective Site-Search Problems
Multiobjective site-search problems are a class of decision problems that have geographical components and multiple, often conflicting, objectives; this kind of problem is often encountered and is technically difficult to solve. In this paper we describe an evolutionary algorithm (EA) based approach that can be used to address such problems. We first describe the general design of EAs that can be used to generate alternatives that are optimal or …
Using Genetic Algorithms to Create Multicriteria Class Intervals for Choropleth Maps
During the past three decades a large body of research has investigated the problem of specifying class intervals for choropleth maps. This work, however, has focused almost exclusively on placing observations in quasi-continuous data distributions into ordinal bins along the number line. All enumeration units that fall into each bin are then assigned an areal symbol that is used to create the choropleth map. The geographical characteristics of t…
Exploring the Geographic Consequences of Public Policies Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Public policies with geographical consequences are often difficult to analyze because they affect multiple stakeholders with competing objectives. While such problems fall conceptually into the domain of multiobjective evaluation, associated analytical techniques often search for a single optimum solution. Within the context of geographical problems, optimality often means different things to different stakeholders and, thus, an optimum optimorum…
Geographic Information Technologies and Personal Privacy
Concepts of privacy are fluid. They change according to historical contingencies and are mediated by technology. Geospatial technologies are now altering the way privacy is being considered. Remote sensing technologies can be used to observe, or infer, the locations of individuals from space, from remotely piloted aircraft, and from fixed terrestrial observation points. Other geospatial technologies can be used to track movements and to recover i…
Supporting the Comparison of Choropleth Maps Using an Evolutionary Algorithm
Choropleth maps can be used to compare the patterns exhibited by different spatial variables. In this paper, we develop an evolutionary algorithm that can be used to generate classifications that allow a user to explore the spatial patterns of multiple choropleth maps in terms of their visual correlation and the equality of area contained in each class. Synthetic and census data are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach
The Illinois Resource Information System
The Illinois Resource Information System (IRIS) was designed and implemented in the early 1970s by computer scientists at the University of Illinois. These researchers did not continue to work in the emerging field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and as a consequence, IRIS innovations were not reported in the GIS literature. IRIS operated across the then-new ARPANet, making it the first networked GIS. The system also had an interactive q…
Towards a Multiobjective View of Cartographic Design
Cartographers must make numerous decisions during the process of constructing a map. In the present era, when spatial data sets are abundant and mapping software is accessible to the general public, cartographic knowledge developed in the literature is under-used and threatened with irrelevance. We view cartographic design as a multiobjective problem solving process that must meet many, often conflicting, goals. The application of this multiobjec…
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a computing paradigm that employs networked and distributed hardware and software services. These services can be flexibly configured to meet different levels of demand or budget constraints. Geospatial applications of cloud computing exploit large memory resources and distributed parallelism to yield substantial performance benefits that are normally obtained at a low cost to the end user.
How large is Aroostook County? Exploring the historical mutability of US county area measurements
Area measurements play a prominent role in many types of geographical and historical analyses. The accuracy and precision of such measurements, however, are dependent on a host of input factors, including the type of instrumentation used as well as the scale and projection of the source map and its level of cartographic generalization. As a consequence of variability in these inputs, published area measures change over time. This paper reviews th…
Active symbolism
Conventional cartography practices situate a cartographer in a computer environment in which choices are made about a limited number of map characteristics. A map is then produced using these choices. Such maps are often judged inadequate and an alternative will be generated, typically by changing a parameter value. This does not always lead to a satisfactory outcome, particularly when, as is increasingly common, novices are involved in mapmaking…
The Internet of Things and fast data streams
This paper surveys the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the massive data streams that are only now beginning to be generated from it, and the resulting opportunities and challenges that these data streams bring to geographic information analysis. These challenges arise because streaming data volumes cannot bt subjected to analysis using the standard repertoire of methods that have been designed to analyze static geospatial datasets. N…
Retrospective Deconstruction of Statistical Maps
The process of creating printed statistical maps in the predigital era was expensive and time consuming. These and other interacting factors constrained the number of design alternatives, such as color choices, that a cartographer might reasonably have been able to consider. In this article, we develop an approach to map deconstruction that enables researchers to investigate the statistical choices made by cartographers by placing each printed ma…
U.S. Census Bureau Area Measurements for Sub-County Areas and Clarence Batschelet’s U.S. Population Density Map of 1942
During the Second World War, the U.S. Bureau of the Census published a novel population density map for the U.S. that used minor civil divisions as its areal basis. Prior to that time, the national-level area measurements required to calculate densities for such sub-county units were unavailable. The data that enabled the production of the map published in 1942 were collected by clerical workers who were employed as part of a joint project betwee…
Geography (14 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · Geographic Information Systems Studies (9 obras) · Cartography (8 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (7 obras) · Mathematics (7 obras) · Data science (6 obras) · Data mining (4 obras) · Statistics (4 obras) · Census (3 obras)