Michael J Leiber
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 135478 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Michael J Leiber |
| PRENOMES | Michael J |
| SOBRENOME | Leiber |
| ASSINATURA | LEIBER M J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Northern Iowa |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 111 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1989 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
What Context Matters and at What Level? A Test of Racial/Ethnic Threat, Symbolic Threat, and Structural Inequality Perspectives in Juvenile Court Decision-Making
Do traditional theories of conflict influence juvenile court decision-making and explain racial/ethnic disparities? Racial/ethnic threat, symbolic threat, and structural inequality perspectives purport social controls increase when groups differ in race, ethnicity, or class. Scholarship tends to test one perspective at a time and use county as a unit of analysis. Taking a comparative approach, this study evaluates whether contextual indicators of…
Race/Ethnicity and the Effects of Prior Case Outcomes on Current Dispositions
This study draws upon the labeling perspective to examine whether there are patterns of continuity and/or change in the severity of juvenile court dispositions, and if these patterns vary by race/ethnicity. Using data on youth referred five times to the Pennsylvania Department of Juvenile Justice between 2000 and 2010 (n = 9089), we examine the presence of latent trajectories of sanction severity across referrals, and whether youth with statistic…
Sentencing Recommendations by Probation Officers and Judges
Connecting the courtroom workgroup model with attributions and stereotyping based on the focal concerns perspective and gender sentencing literature, the present study investigates the extent to which probation officer recommendations influence judicial sentencing, and whether the gender of the offender further conditions this relationship. Results from logistic and ordinary least squares regression indicate that there is concordance between prob…
The Likelihood of a "Youth Discount" in Juvenile Court Sanctions
The juvenile court to varying degrees operates under the doctrine of parens patriae whereby decision makers can rely on both legal and extralegal considerations to decide a case outcome. Within this context, age is viewed as a factor in assessing the culpability of a youth that may result in what has been coined as a "youth discount." Lacking is inquiry into the extent to which age acts as a mitigating determinant of juvenile justice outcomes for…
Race
The Effects of Family Structure and Family Processes on Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors of Male and Female Youth
The present study examined potential gender differences in the effects of family structure and family processes on externalizing and internalizing behavioral outcomes among youth over time. Using data from waves one through three of the Add Health study, results indicated that the relationship between family structure and family processes on behavioral outcomes varied depending on the specific externalizing or internalizing behavior. Family struc…
General Strain Theory
General strain theory ( GST ) is considered the most recent theoretical framework to emerge from traditional strain perspectives. GST focuses strictly on negative relationships and assumes that delinquency and crime are forms of coping mechanisms that result from strain and stressful events. While GST is considered an overall micro‐level perspective, recent research has emerged which argues that GST can also be applicable at the macro‐level and a…
Contexts of Decision Making in the Juvenile Justice System
Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the origins and dynamics of minority overrepresentation in the juvenile justice system. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned. In this article, the authors explore the impact of race on juvenile justice processing by examining the organizational contexts in which decisions are made. They offer a theoretical framework that combines insights from organizational theory and the focal conc…
A Closer Look at the Individual and Joint Effects of Gender and Race on Juvenile Justice Decision Making
Using the intersectional perspective and results from prior research, the individual and combination relationships of gender and race with juvenile justice decision making are examined in one jurisdiction in a Midwestern state. Results reveal that both gender and race, individually and jointly, influence case outcomes net relevant legal and extralegal considerations. These relationships involve receiving both more severe and more lenient outcomes…
Differentiating among racial/ethnic groups and its implications for understanding juvenile justice decision making
Reassessing the family-delinquency association
Race and the Impact of Detention on Juvenile Justice Decision Making
In recent years, the growing number of minority youth disproportionately confined in secure detention facilities has led to a search for a better understanding of this occurrence. Explanations vary but tend to center on either differential offending or selection bias. The present study examines the extent both may explain decision making by specifically assessing the effect of race on detention and the degree that race and detention influence fur…
Race, Gender, Single-Mother Households, and Delinquency
Using power-control theory as the theoretical framework, the present study examines the gender gap in delinquency for White and African American youth from single-mother households. The research is driven by the need to focus more attention on understanding how delinquency theories apply across different racial groups. Results from both bivariate and multivariate analyses indicate that, with few exceptions, there are significant gender gaps in de…
The Individual And Joint Effects Of Race, Gender, And Family Status On Juvenile Justice Decision-Making
Relying on interpretations of the symbolic threat thesis as a theoretical framework, in particular the emphasis on the perceptions of decision-makers and stereotyping, the authors examine the extent to which the effects of race on youth justice outcomes are influenced by gender and family status. They are especially interested in the individual and joint effects among the three. Although some studies in the adult literature have examined these va…
The effects of occupation and education on punitive orientations among juvenile justice personnel
Gender, Religion, and Correctional Orientations Among a Sample of Juvenile Justice Personnel
Recent efforts to understand the contexts of criminal and juvenile justice case processing and outcomes have examined the effects of both structural and socio-cultural factors on decision making. In the present research, I treat both gender and religion as theoretical constructs to improve our understanding of the factors that may influence attitudes and possibly decision making. A sample of juvenile justice personnel is used to assess the extent…
Explaining juveniles' attitudes toward the police
Past studies of juveniles' attitudes toward the police suggest a single-cause model that implicates personal interactions with the police. We propose that attitudes toward authority and agents of social control develop in a larger, sociocultural context. Specifically we hypothesize that juveniles' attitudes develop as a function of socialization in their communities' social environment, of their deviant subcultural “preferences,” and of the prior…
A Theoretical and Empirical Assessment of Power-Control Theory and Single-Mother Families
Power-control theory states that relative power in the workplace conditions patterns of parental control of children in two-parent families, resulting in gender differences in rates of nonserious delinquency. Additionally, single mothers, regardless of their occupational power, control and socialize their sons and daughters similarly and effect a small delinquency gender gap. In the present study, the authors applied the traditional power-control…
Evaluating the use of social skills training and employment with delinquent youth
Religion, Discriminatory Attitudes and the Orientations of Juvenile Justice Personnel
Advancements in the understanding of racial and gender disparity in case outcomes are evident in the theoretical and empirical refinements that emphasize the contingencies of decision making. In this article, we argue that a conservative world view reflects a patterning of attitudes that includes interrelationships among beliefs in a literal interpretation of the Bible and racial and gender stereotyping. Our hypothesis is that this conservative r…
Bridging the Gender Gap in Criminology
This study explores the empirical grounds for bridging the gender gap between liberation theories of female crime by integrating selected concepts from strain and liberation theses to explain female delinquency and gender differences in delinquency. Additive and interactive analyses were conducted with a sample of 1,613 adolescents. The findings provide little support for combining liberation and strain, primarily because of the inadequacy of lib…
A comparison of transfer and nontransfer students majoring in criminology and criminal justice
A movement exists in academia to provide students majoring in criminal justice and criminology with a broad-based social science education. In this study we assess the extent to which adherence to a social science approach conditions the academic performance of students who transfer from two-year colleges that emphasize a vocational perspective with no liberal arts tradition. Transfer and nontransfer criminology majors attending the University of…
Newspaper reporting and the production of deviance
This study employs a social constructionist perspective to assess why the use of illegal drugs among professional athletes became a significant social problem in the 1980s. A content analysis of two newspapers was conducted, covering press reports of the athlete‐drug issue over a 28‐year period. These results suggest a pattern in the level and type of reporting consistent with a social constructionist framework. Key factors in the definitional pr…
Strain Theory Revisited
Merton's theory of strain and crime has withstood half a century of theoretical controversy, but recent disillusionment with its empirical verification has led many to reject it as a viable explanation for delinquency. We question that the theory has been falsified by evidence to this date, on the grounds that conceptual reinterpretations have differed from Merton's original statement. We examine the empirical and theoretical implications of the …
Strain Theory Revisited
Merton's theory of strain and crime has withstood half a century of theoretical controversy, but recent disillusionment with its empirical verification has led many to reject it as a viable explanation for delinquency. We question that the theory has been falsified by evidence to this date, on the grounds that conceptual reinterpretations have differed from Merton's original statement. We examine the empirical and theoretical implications of the …
Reassessing the family-delinquency association
The Effects of Family Structure and Family Processes on Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors of Male and Female Youth
The present study examined potential gender differences in the effects of family structure and family processes on externalizing and internalizing behavioral outcomes among youth over time. Using data from waves one through three of the Add Health study, results indicated that the relationship between family structure and family processes on behavioral outcomes varied depending on the specific externalizing or internalizing behavior. Family struc…
A Closer Look at the Individual and Joint Effects of Gender and Race on Juvenile Justice Decision Making
Using the intersectional perspective and results from prior research, the individual and combination relationships of gender and race with juvenile justice decision making are examined in one jurisdiction in a Midwestern state. Results reveal that both gender and race, individually and jointly, influence case outcomes net relevant legal and extralegal considerations. These relationships involve receiving both more severe and more lenient outcomes…
Race, Gender, Single-Mother Households, and Delinquency
Using power-control theory as the theoretical framework, the present study examines the gender gap in delinquency for White and African American youth from single-mother households. The research is driven by the need to focus more attention on understanding how delinquency theories apply across different racial groups. Results from both bivariate and multivariate analyses indicate that, with few exceptions, there are significant gender gaps in de…
Differentiating among racial/ethnic groups and its implications for understanding juvenile justice decision making
A Theoretical and Empirical Assessment of Power-Control Theory and Single-Mother Families
Power-control theory states that relative power in the workplace conditions patterns of parental control of children in two-parent families, resulting in gender differences in rates of nonserious delinquency. Additionally, single mothers, regardless of their occupational power, control and socialize their sons and daughters similarly and effect a small delinquency gender gap. In the present study, the authors applied the traditional power-control…
Religion, Discriminatory Attitudes and the Orientations of Juvenile Justice Personnel
Advancements in the understanding of racial and gender disparity in case outcomes are evident in the theoretical and empirical refinements that emphasize the contingencies of decision making. In this article, we argue that a conservative world view reflects a patterning of attitudes that includes interrelationships among beliefs in a literal interpretation of the Bible and racial and gender stereotyping. Our hypothesis is that this conservative r…
Bridging the Gender Gap in Criminology
This study explores the empirical grounds for bridging the gender gap between liberation theories of female crime by integrating selected concepts from strain and liberation theses to explain female delinquency and gender differences in delinquency. Additive and interactive analyses were conducted with a sample of 1,613 adolescents. The findings provide little support for combining liberation and strain, primarily because of the inadequacy of lib…
The Likelihood of a "Youth Discount" in Juvenile Court Sanctions
The juvenile court to varying degrees operates under the doctrine of parens patriae whereby decision makers can rely on both legal and extralegal considerations to decide a case outcome. Within this context, age is viewed as a factor in assessing the culpability of a youth that may result in what has been coined as a "youth discount." Lacking is inquiry into the extent to which age acts as a mitigating determinant of juvenile justice outcomes for…
The effects of occupation and education on punitive orientations among juvenile justice personnel
Newspaper reporting and the production of deviance
This study employs a social constructionist perspective to assess why the use of illegal drugs among professional athletes became a significant social problem in the 1980s. A content analysis of two newspapers was conducted, covering press reports of the athlete‐drug issue over a 28‐year period. These results suggest a pattern in the level and type of reporting consistent with a social constructionist framework. Key factors in the definitional pr…
Strain Theory Revisited
Merton's theory of strain and crime has withstood half a century of theoretical controversy, but recent disillusionment with its empirical verification has led many to reject it as a viable explanation for delinquency. We question that the theory has been falsified by evidence to this date, on the grounds that conceptual reinterpretations have differed from Merton's original statement. We examine the empirical and theoretical implications of the …
A comparison of transfer and nontransfer students majoring in criminology and criminal justice
A movement exists in academia to provide students majoring in criminal justice and criminology with a broad-based social science education. In this study we assess the extent to which adherence to a social science approach conditions the academic performance of students who transfer from two-year colleges that emphasize a vocational perspective with no liberal arts tradition. Transfer and nontransfer criminology majors attending the University of…
Newspaper reporting and the production of deviance
This study employs a social constructionist perspective to assess why the use of illegal drugs among professional athletes became a significant social problem in the 1980s. A content analysis of two newspapers was conducted, covering press reports of the athlete‐drug issue over a 28‐year period. These results suggest a pattern in the level and type of reporting consistent with a social constructionist framework. Key factors in the definitional pr…
Bridging the Gender Gap in Criminology
This study explores the empirical grounds for bridging the gender gap between liberation theories of female crime by integrating selected concepts from strain and liberation theses to explain female delinquency and gender differences in delinquency. Additive and interactive analyses were conducted with a sample of 1,613 adolescents. The findings provide little support for combining liberation and strain, primarily because of the inadequacy of lib…
Evaluating the use of social skills training and employment with delinquent youth
Religion, Discriminatory Attitudes and the Orientations of Juvenile Justice Personnel
Advancements in the understanding of racial and gender disparity in case outcomes are evident in the theoretical and empirical refinements that emphasize the contingencies of decision making. In this article, we argue that a conservative world view reflects a patterning of attitudes that includes interrelationships among beliefs in a literal interpretation of the Bible and racial and gender stereotyping. Our hypothesis is that this conservative r…
A Theoretical and Empirical Assessment of Power-Control Theory and Single-Mother Families
Power-control theory states that relative power in the workplace conditions patterns of parental control of children in two-parent families, resulting in gender differences in rates of nonserious delinquency. Additionally, single mothers, regardless of their occupational power, control and socialize their sons and daughters similarly and effect a small delinquency gender gap. In the present study, the authors applied the traditional power-control…
Explaining juveniles' attitudes toward the police
Past studies of juveniles' attitudes toward the police suggest a single-cause model that implicates personal interactions with the police. We propose that attitudes toward authority and agents of social control develop in a larger, sociocultural context. Specifically we hypothesize that juveniles' attitudes develop as a function of socialization in their communities' social environment, of their deviant subcultural “preferences,” and of the prior…
Gender, Religion, and Correctional Orientations Among a Sample of Juvenile Justice Personnel
Recent efforts to understand the contexts of criminal and juvenile justice case processing and outcomes have examined the effects of both structural and socio-cultural factors on decision making. In the present research, I treat both gender and religion as theoretical constructs to improve our understanding of the factors that may influence attitudes and possibly decision making. A sample of juvenile justice personnel is used to assess the extent…
The effects of occupation and education on punitive orientations among juvenile justice personnel
The Individual And Joint Effects Of Race, Gender, And Family Status On Juvenile Justice Decision-Making
Relying on interpretations of the symbolic threat thesis as a theoretical framework, in particular the emphasis on the perceptions of decision-makers and stereotyping, the authors examine the extent to which the effects of race on youth justice outcomes are influenced by gender and family status. They are especially interested in the individual and joint effects among the three. Although some studies in the adult literature have examined these va…
Race and the Impact of Detention on Juvenile Justice Decision Making
In recent years, the growing number of minority youth disproportionately confined in secure detention facilities has led to a search for a better understanding of this occurrence. Explanations vary but tend to center on either differential offending or selection bias. The present study examines the extent both may explain decision making by specifically assessing the effect of race on detention and the degree that race and detention influence fur…
Race, Gender, Single-Mother Households, and Delinquency
Using power-control theory as the theoretical framework, the present study examines the gender gap in delinquency for White and African American youth from single-mother households. The research is driven by the need to focus more attention on understanding how delinquency theories apply across different racial groups. Results from both bivariate and multivariate analyses indicate that, with few exceptions, there are significant gender gaps in de…
Differentiating among racial/ethnic groups and its implications for understanding juvenile justice decision making
Reassessing the family-delinquency association
A Closer Look at the Individual and Joint Effects of Gender and Race on Juvenile Justice Decision Making
Using the intersectional perspective and results from prior research, the individual and combination relationships of gender and race with juvenile justice decision making are examined in one jurisdiction in a Midwestern state. Results reveal that both gender and race, individually and jointly, influence case outcomes net relevant legal and extralegal considerations. These relationships involve receiving both more severe and more lenient outcomes…
Contexts of Decision Making in the Juvenile Justice System
Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the origins and dynamics of minority overrepresentation in the juvenile justice system. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned. In this article, the authors explore the impact of race on juvenile justice processing by examining the organizational contexts in which decisions are made. They offer a theoretical framework that combines insights from organizational theory and the focal conc…
General Strain Theory
General strain theory ( GST ) is considered the most recent theoretical framework to emerge from traditional strain perspectives. GST focuses strictly on negative relationships and assumes that delinquency and crime are forms of coping mechanisms that result from strain and stressful events. While GST is considered an overall micro‐level perspective, recent research has emerged which argues that GST can also be applicable at the macro‐level and a…
Race
The Effects of Family Structure and Family Processes on Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors of Male and Female Youth
The present study examined potential gender differences in the effects of family structure and family processes on externalizing and internalizing behavioral outcomes among youth over time. Using data from waves one through three of the Add Health study, results indicated that the relationship between family structure and family processes on behavioral outcomes varied depending on the specific externalizing or internalizing behavior. Family struc…
The Likelihood of a "Youth Discount" in Juvenile Court Sanctions
The juvenile court to varying degrees operates under the doctrine of parens patriae whereby decision makers can rely on both legal and extralegal considerations to decide a case outcome. Within this context, age is viewed as a factor in assessing the culpability of a youth that may result in what has been coined as a "youth discount." Lacking is inquiry into the extent to which age acts as a mitigating determinant of juvenile justice outcomes for…
Sentencing Recommendations by Probation Officers and Judges
Connecting the courtroom workgroup model with attributions and stereotyping based on the focal concerns perspective and gender sentencing literature, the present study investigates the extent to which probation officer recommendations influence judicial sentencing, and whether the gender of the offender further conditions this relationship. Results from logistic and ordinary least squares regression indicate that there is concordance between prob…
Race/Ethnicity and the Effects of Prior Case Outcomes on Current Dispositions
This study draws upon the labeling perspective to examine whether there are patterns of continuity and/or change in the severity of juvenile court dispositions, and if these patterns vary by race/ethnicity. Using data on youth referred five times to the Pennsylvania Department of Juvenile Justice between 2000 and 2010 (n = 9089), we examine the presence of latent trajectories of sanction severity across referrals, and whether youth with statistic…
What Context Matters and at What Level? A Test of Racial/Ethnic Threat, Symbolic Threat, and Structural Inequality Perspectives in Juvenile Court Decision-Making
Do traditional theories of conflict influence juvenile court decision-making and explain racial/ethnic disparities? Racial/ethnic threat, symbolic threat, and structural inequality perspectives purport social controls increase when groups differ in race, ethnicity, or class. Scholarship tends to test one perspective at a time and use county as a unit of analysis. Taking a comparative approach, this study evaluates whether contextual indicators of…
Psychology (24 obras) · Criminology (22 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (18 obras) · Social Psychology (18 obras) · Sociology (17 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (16 obras) · Political science (16 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Juvenile delinquency (13 obras) · Economic Justice (11 obras)