Paul De Hert
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1404562 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Paul De Hert |
| PRENOMES | Paul |
| SOBRENOME | De Hert |
| ASSINATURA | DE HERT P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Vrije Universiteit Brussel |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4084-6898 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 19 |
| OBRAS COMO AUTOR | 17 |
| OBRAS COMO EDITOR | 23 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2009 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Do human rights frameworks identify AI’s problems? The limits of a burgeoning methodology for AI problem assessment
The Cambridge Handbook of Facial Recognition in the Modern State
In situations ranging from border control to policing and welfare, governments are using automated facial recognition technology (FRT) to collect taxes, prevent crime, police cities and control immigration. FRT involves the processing of a person's facial image, usually for identification, categorisation or counting. This ambitious handbook brings together a diverse group of legal, computer, communications, and social and political science schola…
General Data Protection Regulation
The General Data Protection Regulation has established a uniform European data protection law. The member states must directly apply European law standards and question their own interpretation criteria. The new major commentary on the GDPR is written by leading European lawyers who have extensively analysed the European and transnational academic discourse. The commentaries take into account the existing approaches to interpretation at national …
Data Protection and Privacy, Volume 15
This book offers conceptual analyses, highlights issues, proposes solutions, and discusses practices regarding privacy and data protection in transitional times. It is one of the results of the 15th annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy and Data Protection (CPDP), which was held in Brussels in May 2022. We are in a time of transition. Artificial Intelligence is making significant breakthroughs in how humans use data and informatio…
Research Handbook on Privacy and Data Protection Law
The chapter discusses how Media and Communication Studies (MCS) enriches the research on privacy and data protection in mediated communication. Especially as the latter is increasingly digitised, commodified and submerged in everyday life, the challenges increase of how to safeguard accountability in systems, public values in digital governance and empowerment of citizens in society. Starting from mutual articulation between artefacts, practices …
Privacy, Data Protection and Law Enforcement. Opacity of the Individual and Transparency of Power
Introduction; 1 Principles of the democratic constitutional state; 1.1 The Recognition of Human Rights in their Double Function; 1.2 The Rule of Law; 1.3 Democracy; 2 The democratic constitutional state and the invention of two complementary legal tools of power control; 2.1 Limiting power through opacity tools; 2.2 Channelling power through transparency tools; 3 Privacy as a tool for opacity (creating zones of non-interference); 3.1 The negative…
Policing the smart home
In this paper, we develop the concept of smart home devices as ‘invisible witnesses’ in everyday life. We explore contemporary examples that highlight how smart devices have been used by the police and unpack the socio-technical implications of using these devices in criminal investigations. We draw on several sociological, computing and forensics concepts to develop our argument. We consider the challenges of obtaining and interpreting trace evi…
Introduction to the Special Issue
Emerging ICTs form a fundamental component of the new generation of security and surveillance technologies, in that they allow for the collection, analysis and interpretation of large quantities of data, in unprecedented and previously unforeseen ways.In the context of this Special Issue, emergent ICTs relate to a wide range of technological tools and applications that are an amalgamation of enhanced capabilities to generate and process data, inc…
An essay on complex problems and simple solutions
For every complex problem, there is asolution that is simple, neat and wrong.H.L. MenckenIt is not possible, and never will be possible, to predict the future.We are left with surmise, intuition, hunch, and hope.R. Nisbet
Between formality and informality
The use of police drones in Switzerland has significantly increased since the early 2000s. However, Swiss citizens remain largely uninformed about the multifold uses of drones by the police. Whilst many public institutions today advocate more transparent decision-making processes in security matters, this paper demonstrates that the acquisition of police drone systems results from a set of interdependent socio-technical mediations that are inhere…
Visual and biometric surveillance in the EU. Saying ‘no’ to mass surveillance practices?12
Earlier this year, the European Commission (EC) registered the ‘Civil society initiative for a ban on biometric mass surveillance practices’, a European Citizens’ Initiative. Citizens are thus given the opportunity to authorize the EC to suggest the adoption of legislative instruments to permanently ban biometric mass surveillance practices. This contribution finds the above initiative particularly promising, as part of a new development of bans …
The European PNR Directive as an instance of pre-emptive, risk-based algorithmic security and its implications for the regulatory framework1
The Passenger Name Record (PNR) Directive has introduced a pre-emptive, risk-based approach in the landscape of European databases and information exchange for security purposes. The article contributes to ongoing debates on algorithmic security and data-driven decision-making by fleshing out the specific way in which the EU PNR-based approach to security substantiates core characteristics of algorithmic regulation. The EU PNR framework appropria…
Culling the FLoC
This paper analyzes the short history of Google’s AI-driven data collation and marketing technology, Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC), which was designed to replace third-party cookies, the technology at the heart of “surveillance capitalism.” Using publicly available data such as patents, investor calls, public filings, github accounts, and presentations, this paper explores FLoCs and its immediate replacements, The Topics API and FLEDGE, an…
Responsible application of artificial intelligence to surveillance
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most significant of the information and communications technologies being applied to surveillance. AI’s proponents argue that its promise is great, and that successes have been achieved, whereas its detractors draw attention to the many threats embodied in it, some of which are much more problematic than those arising from earlier data analytical tools. This article considers the full gamut of regulatory…
The sensitive nature of facial recognition
Emerging technologies with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are laying the foundation for surveillance capabilities of a magnitude never seen before. This article focuses on facial recognition, now rapidly introduced in many police authorities around the world, with expectations of enhanced security but also subject to concerns related to privacy. The article examined a recent case where the Swedish police used the controversial …
Questioning the EU proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based surveillance technologies such as facial recognition, emotion recognition and other biometric technologies have been rapidly introduced by both public and private entities all around the world, raising major concerns about their impact on fundamental rights, the rule of law and democracy. This article questions the efficiency of the European Commission’s Proposal for Regulation of Artificial Intelligence, known …
Emotional AI
The European Commission has presented a draft for an Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA). This article deals with legal and ethical questions of the datafication of human emotions. In particular, it raises the question of how emotions are to be legally classified. In particular, the concept of “emotion recognition systems” in the sense of the draft Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) published by the European Commission is addressed. As it turns out,…
Data Protection Impact Assessment
Smart devices have become ubiquitous in everyday life, and it is commonplace that migrants are among the users of connected tools. With the realization that migrants rely on connectivity for multiple purposes, including to access information and services, many initiatives started working on developing ICT tools to assist migrants to integrate into their new society. Technological tools, however, come with inherent risks, many of which are linked …
Data Protection and Privacy
Annotation Data protection and privacy are two important concepts that are often used together. Data protection refers to the measures that are taken to protect personal data from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. Privacy refers to the right of individuals to control the collection, use, and disclosure of their personal information.
Investigating Cybercrime and A Comparative Study of Cybercrime in Criminal Law
Taken together, the two publications have one thing in common. They reveal the acute need to address what seems to be at the heart of cybercrime regulation: jurisdictional challenges. Perhaps the answer lies in the optimal, rather than absolute, harmonisation; in making – to the extent possible – same behaviours punishable, while, at the same time, respecting national diversity. An international approach to cybercrime, promoting general legal pri…
Data Protection and Privacy
Data Protection and Privacy
Data Protection and Privacy
The subjects of Privacy and Data Protection are more relevant than ever with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) becoming enforceable in May 2018. This volume brings together papers that offer conceptual analyses, highlight issues, propose solutions, and discuss practices regarding privacy and data protection. It is one of the results of the tenth annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy and Data Protection, CPDP 2…
Data Protection on the Move
This volume brings together papers that offer methodologies, conceptual analyses, highlight issues, propose solutions, and discuss practices regarding privacy and data protection. It is one of the results of the eight annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy, and Data Protection, CPDP 2015, held in Brussels in January 2015. The book explores core concepts, rights and values in (upcoming) data protection regulation and their (in)adequ…
Het gebruik van de gemeentelijke administratieve sancties door de Brusselse gemeenten
Met de wetten van 1999 en 2004 betreffende de invoering van gemeentelijke administratieve sancties (kortweg GAS-wetgeving) hebben gemeenten nieuwe juridische instrumenten gekregen om overlastfenomenen krachtdadiger te kunnen aanpakken. Voortaan kunnen gemeenten voor gedragingen die een inbreuk uitmaken op de openbare orde (netheid, veiligheid en rust) of die “openbare overlast” veroorzaken, een bestuurlijke sanctie tot 250 euro opleggen. In deze …
The sensitive nature of facial recognition
Emerging technologies with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are laying the foundation for surveillance capabilities of a magnitude never seen before. This article focuses on facial recognition, now rapidly introduced in many police authorities around the world, with expectations of enhanced security but also subject to concerns related to privacy. The article examined a recent case where the Swedish police used the controversial …
Self respect—A “Rawlsian Primary Good” unprotected by the European Convention on Human Rights and its lack of a coherent approach to stigmatization
This article is primarily concerned with stigmatization resulting from public information campaigns such as public health information campaigns. Stigmatization as a concept has received much attention from social scientists but conversely little from the legal world, including the European Court of Human Rights. Stigmatization can be distinguished from other similar concepts, e.g. discrimination, stereotyping and marginalization, by its ability t…
Variations sur le thème de la banalisation de la surveillance
Les études de la surveillance ( Surveillance studies ) sont-elles en mesure d’appréhender dans leur globalité des formes atypiques de surveillance où le présupposé d’un contrôle disciplinaire ne peut être démontré ? Comment saisir ces formes de surveillance qui se développent dans le quotidien de nos activités ? Rocco Bellanova, Paul de Hert et Serge Gutwirth se livrent à cet exercice réflexif sur leur discipline de recherche. Pour dépasser les p…
Emotional AI
The European Commission has presented a draft for an Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA). This article deals with legal and ethical questions of the datafication of human emotions. In particular, it raises the question of how emotions are to be legally classified. In particular, the concept of “emotion recognition systems” in the sense of the draft Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) published by the European Commission is addressed. As it turns out,…
Ethics, e-Inclusion and Ageing
Ethical questions about information and communications technologies (ICT) have been debated since World War II. Western democracies have had more than 50 years of experience in addressing and organising the ethical, social and legal aspects (ESLA) of scientific and technological developments. However, this expertise, tradition and experience are not enough to manage the most urgent ethical and social issues and contemporary challenges involving I…
An essay on complex problems and simple solutions
For every complex problem, there is asolution that is simple, neat and wrong.H.L. MenckenIt is not possible, and never will be possible, to predict the future.We are left with surmise, intuition, hunch, and hope.R. Nisbet
Responsible application of artificial intelligence to surveillance
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most significant of the information and communications technologies being applied to surveillance. AI’s proponents argue that its promise is great, and that successes have been achieved, whereas its detractors draw attention to the many threats embodied in it, some of which are much more problematic than those arising from earlier data analytical tools. This article considers the full gamut of regulatory…
Questioning the EU proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based surveillance technologies such as facial recognition, emotion recognition and other biometric technologies have been rapidly introduced by both public and private entities all around the world, raising major concerns about their impact on fundamental rights, the rule of law and democracy. This article questions the efficiency of the European Commission’s Proposal for Regulation of Artificial Intelligence, known …
Data Protection Impact Assessment
Smart devices have become ubiquitous in everyday life, and it is commonplace that migrants are among the users of connected tools. With the realization that migrants rely on connectivity for multiple purposes, including to access information and services, many initiatives started working on developing ICT tools to assist migrants to integrate into their new society. Technological tools, however, come with inherent risks, many of which are linked …
Neurodata and Neuroprivacy
There are a number of novel technologies and a broad range of research aimed at the collection and use of data drawn directly from the human brain. Given that this data – neurodata – is data collected from individuals, one area of law which will be of relevance is data protection. The thesis of this paper is that neurodata is a unique form of data and that this will raise questions for the application of data protection law. Issues may arise on t…
Le cas S. et Marper et les données personnelles
Le 8 décembre 2008, la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme (CEDH) a prononcé un arrêt décisif concernant la requête d’effacement des données personnelles (empreintes digitales, échantillons et profils ADN) des deux citoyens britanniques S. et Marper, conservées dans les banques des données de la police. La conservation illimitée des données de personnes non condamnées est reconnue comme une violation du droit à la protection de la vie privée. O…
Ethics, e-Inclusion and Ageing
Ethical questions about information and communications technologies (ICT) have been debated since World War II. Western democracies have had more than 50 years of experience in addressing and organising the ethical, social and legal aspects (ESLA) of scientific and technological developments. However, this expertise, tradition and experience are not enough to manage the most urgent ethical and social issues and contemporary challenges involving I…
Le cas S. et Marper et les données personnelles
Le 8 décembre 2008, la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme (CEDH) a prononcé un arrêt décisif concernant la requête d’effacement des données personnelles (empreintes digitales, échantillons et profils ADN) des deux citoyens britanniques S. et Marper, conservées dans les banques des données de la police. La conservation illimitée des données de personnes non condamnées est reconnue comme une violation du droit à la protection de la vie privée. O…
Protection des données personnelles et mesures de sécurité
Les enjeux de l’échange et de la protection des données personnelles ne sont pas une nouveauté dans les débats sur la gestion de la sécurité transatlantique et l’impact de certaines mesures sur les libertés fondamentales. La publication, en juin 2008, du Rapport final du groupe de contact à haut niveau, composé d’experts de l’Union Européenne et des Etats-Unis, ainsi que sa réception par les dirigeants politiques, a contribué à relancer le débat.…
Variations sur le thème de la banalisation de la surveillance
Les études de la surveillance ( Surveillance studies ) sont-elles en mesure d’appréhender dans leur globalité des formes atypiques de surveillance où le présupposé d’un contrôle disciplinaire ne peut être démontré ? Comment saisir ces formes de surveillance qui se développent dans le quotidien de nos activités ? Rocco Bellanova, Paul de Hert et Serge Gutwirth se livrent à cet exercice réflexif sur leur discipline de recherche. Pour dépasser les p…
Computers, Privacy and Data Protection
Privacy Impact Assessment
Neurodata and Neuroprivacy
There are a number of novel technologies and a broad range of research aimed at the collection and use of data drawn directly from the human brain. Given that this data – neurodata – is data collected from individuals, one area of law which will be of relevance is data protection. The thesis of this paper is that neurodata is a unique form of data and that this will raise questions for the application of data protection law. Issues may arise on t…
Self respect—A “Rawlsian Primary Good” unprotected by the European Convention on Human Rights and its lack of a coherent approach to stigmatization
This article is primarily concerned with stigmatization resulting from public information campaigns such as public health information campaigns. Stigmatization as a concept has received much attention from social scientists but conversely little from the legal world, including the European Court of Human Rights. Stigmatization can be distinguished from other similar concepts, e.g. discrimination, stereotyping and marginalization, by its ability t…
The proposed Regulation and the construction of a principles-driven system for individual data protection
The overhaul of the EU data protection regime is a welcome development for various reasons: the 1995 Directive is largely outdated and cumbersome within an Internet (indeed, Web 2.0) environment. The 2008 Framework Decision is a practically unenforceable instrument, and even harmful in its weakness in protecting personal data. The Commission's proposed Regulation and Directive intended to replace it to improve the data protection afforded to indi…
Reloading Data Protection
Reforming European Data Protection Law
This book on privacy and data protection offers readers conceptual analysis as well as thoughtful discussion of issues, practices, and solutions. It features results of the seventh annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy, and Data Protection, CPDP 2014, held in Brussels January 2014. The book first examines profiling, a persistent core issue of data protection and privacy. It covers the emergence of profiling technologies, on-line b…
Data Protection on the Move
This volume brings together papers that offer methodologies, conceptual analyses, highlight issues, propose solutions, and discuss practices regarding privacy and data protection. It is one of the results of the eight annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy, and Data Protection, CPDP 2015, held in Brussels in January 2015. The book explores core concepts, rights and values in (upcoming) data protection regulation and their (in)adequ…
Het gebruik van de gemeentelijke administratieve sancties door de Brusselse gemeenten
Met de wetten van 1999 en 2004 betreffende de invoering van gemeentelijke administratieve sancties (kortweg GAS-wetgeving) hebben gemeenten nieuwe juridische instrumenten gekregen om overlastfenomenen krachtdadiger te kunnen aanpakken. Voortaan kunnen gemeenten voor gedragingen die een inbreuk uitmaken op de openbare orde (netheid, veiligheid en rust) of die “openbare overlast” veroorzaken, een bestuurlijke sanctie tot 250 euro opleggen. In deze …
L’utilisation des sanctions administratives communales par les communes bruxelloises
Grâce aux lois de 1999 et 2004 relatives à l’instauration de sanctions administratives communales (en abrégé la législation SAC), les communes se sont vu doter de nouveaux instruments juridiques leur permettant de traiter avec plus d’efficacité les phénomènes de nuisance. Désormais, elles peuvent frapper d’une sanction administrative allant jusqu’à 250 euros les comportements qui constituent une atteinte à l’ordre public (propreté, sécurité et re…
The use of municipal administrative sanctions by the municipalities of Brussels
The laws of 1999 and 2004 concerning the implementation of municipal administrative sanctions (in short GAS legislation) gave local authorities new legal instruments to act more vigourously against phenomena of nuisance. Local authorities can now impose an administrative fine of up to 250 euros for behaviour which is contrary to public order (cleanliness, safety and quiet enjoyment) or which causes “public nuisance”. This publication purports to …
Data Protection and Privacy
Data Protection and Privacy
The subjects of Privacy and Data Protection are more relevant than ever with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) becoming enforceable in May 2018. This volume brings together papers that offer conceptual analyses, highlight issues, propose solutions, and discuss practices regarding privacy and data protection. It is one of the results of the tenth annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy and Data Protection, CPDP 2…
Data Protection and Privacy
Data Protection and Privacy
Annotation Data protection and privacy are two important concepts that are often used together. Data protection refers to the measures that are taken to protect personal data from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. Privacy refers to the right of individuals to control the collection, use, and disclosure of their personal information.
Investigating Cybercrime and A Comparative Study of Cybercrime in Criminal Law
Taken together, the two publications have one thing in common. They reveal the acute need to address what seems to be at the heart of cybercrime regulation: jurisdictional challenges. Perhaps the answer lies in the optimal, rather than absolute, harmonisation; in making – to the extent possible – same behaviours punishable, while, at the same time, respecting national diversity. An international approach to cybercrime, promoting general legal pri…
Data Protection Impact Assessment
Smart devices have become ubiquitous in everyday life, and it is commonplace that migrants are among the users of connected tools. With the realization that migrants rely on connectivity for multiple purposes, including to access information and services, many initiatives started working on developing ICT tools to assist migrants to integrate into their new society. Technological tools, however, come with inherent risks, many of which are linked …
Research Handbook on Privacy and Data Protection Law
The chapter discusses how Media and Communication Studies (MCS) enriches the research on privacy and data protection in mediated communication. Especially as the latter is increasingly digitised, commodified and submerged in everyday life, the challenges increase of how to safeguard accountability in systems, public values in digital governance and empowerment of citizens in society. Starting from mutual articulation between artefacts, practices …
Privacy, Data Protection and Law Enforcement. Opacity of the Individual and Transparency of Power
Introduction; 1 Principles of the democratic constitutional state; 1.1 The Recognition of Human Rights in their Double Function; 1.2 The Rule of Law; 1.3 Democracy; 2 The democratic constitutional state and the invention of two complementary legal tools of power control; 2.1 Limiting power through opacity tools; 2.2 Channelling power through transparency tools; 3 Privacy as a tool for opacity (creating zones of non-interference); 3.1 The negative…
Policing the smart home
In this paper, we develop the concept of smart home devices as ‘invisible witnesses’ in everyday life. We explore contemporary examples that highlight how smart devices have been used by the police and unpack the socio-technical implications of using these devices in criminal investigations. We draw on several sociological, computing and forensics concepts to develop our argument. We consider the challenges of obtaining and interpreting trace evi…
Introduction to the Special Issue
Emerging ICTs form a fundamental component of the new generation of security and surveillance technologies, in that they allow for the collection, analysis and interpretation of large quantities of data, in unprecedented and previously unforeseen ways.In the context of this Special Issue, emergent ICTs relate to a wide range of technological tools and applications that are an amalgamation of enhanced capabilities to generate and process data, inc…
Political science (32 obras) · Computer Science (28 obras) · Law (23 obras) · Privacy, Security, and Data Protection (19 obras) · Computer security (18 obras) · Business (17 obras) · Law (17 obras) · Data Protection Act 1998 (15 obras) · Internet privacy (14 obras) · European Criminal Justice and Data Protection (13 obras)