Carol S North
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1405607 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Carol S North |
| PRENOMES | Carol S |
| SOBRENOME | North |
| ASSINATURA | NORTH C S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Washington University in St. Louis |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6032-5323 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 50 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 155 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 50 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1993 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Trauma and Stress-Related Symptoms Among Yazidi Survivors of the 2014 Isis Genocide in Iraq
Background: There is a paucity of published research on the prevalence of specific traumatic events and disaster-related psychopathology in Yazidi survivors related to the 2014 ISIS genocide in Iraq. Methods: The sample for this cross-sectional study was a large nationally-representative cohort of 488 adult Yazidi men and women who were members of the Duhok camps in Iraq. They were assessed 10 years after the ISIS attacks for their experience of …
Reclaiming the Shepherding Model in Pastoral Care Among Clergy and Faith Leaders
A Focus Group Study of Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapy for Military Veterans Reintegrating Into Civilian Life
Many veterans returning to civilian life face medical and mental health issues. As there is a stigma of using mental health services, equine-assisted activities and therapy (EAAT) has been considered a nonconventional intervention to support the mental health and well-being of veterans. In this qualitative study, 14 focus groups with 67 participants and program volunteers and staff of a veteran-led EAAT program were conducted to explore perspecti…
A prospective longitudinal study of child custody status among homeless population mothers
Most women in homeless populations are mothers, the majority being single mothers. Retaining child custody is challenging in homeless circumstances. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to follow the moving pieces of housing and child custody in the context carefully-assessed psychiatric and substance use disorders over time. A 2-year prospective longitudinal study of an epidemiologic sample of individuals with literal homelessness include…
Perspectives of survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing with and without PTSD 17 months postdisaster
This study compared perspectives of highly trauma-exposed Oklahoma City bombing survivors (N=141) with and without PTSD. Survivors' responses to questions about the effects of the bombing on their perspectives were hand-recorded and transcribed, six themes identified, and interrater reliability established. Both diagnostic groups (with and without PTSD) expressed greater appreciation for life, greater concern with human vulnerability and mortalit…
Adult antisocial behavior and its relationship to the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in a longitudinal study of homelessness
Objectives: The relationship of adult antisocial behavior to the diagnosis of ASPD has not been investigated in homeless populations. This study examined ASPD and adult-only antisocial behavior in a 2-year prospective longitudinal study of literally homeless individuals in St. Louis, Missouri in 1999-2001. Methods: A subsample of 241 provided complete data from 3 annual interviews from a baseline systematically selected sample of 400 participants…
Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic
Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic Many aspects of the Covid-19 pandemic and the public health response to it will undoubtedly contribute to widespread emotional distress and increased risk fo...
Longitudinal cost of services in a homeless sample with cocaine use disorder
Homeless people with cocaine use disorder have multiple comorbidities and costly service needs. This study examined service costs associated with cocaine use and substance service use in substance, psychiatric, and medical service sectors. 127 homeless participants with cocaine use disorder were interviewed annually. Self-report and agency-report service use and cost data were combined. Pairwise comparisons were made with cocaine abstinence and s…
Religious and Spiritual Aspects of Disaster Experience Among Survivors of the 9/11 Attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center
Satisfaction with justice and desire for revenge in survivors of the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center
This study investigated gaps in existing knowledge on justice, desire for revenge, and associated factors in disaster research through data collected nearly three years post disaster on justice and revenge from survivors of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks. A volunteer sample of 379 employees of eight affected businesses completed interviews and self-report questionnaires. Individual ratings on satisfaction with justice and desire for reveng…
Comparing Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless
A Systematic Comparison of African American and Non-African American Patients on Psychosocial Aspects of Hepatitis C Infection
Transitions between Housing States among Urban Homeless Adults
A qualitative analysis of satisfaction with justice and desire for revenge in survivors of the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center
Background: Most of the existing research on the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) has narrowly focused on posttraumatic stress disorder, limiting the potential to learn about other important consequences of this disaster. This qualitative study examined survivors’ views of justice regarding the 9/11 attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center. Method: A volunteer sample of 196 employees with varied 9/11 disaster-trauma exposures f…
Development and Implementation of Psychiatric Services in a Student-Operated Clinic
Pilot Design and Implementation of an Innovative Mental Health and Wellness Clinic at a Historically Black College/University
A Pilot Study Using Mixed GPS/Narrative Interview Methods to Understand Geospatial Behavior in Homeless Populations
Needs Assessment of Hurricane Katrina Evacuees Residing Temporarily in Dallas
Rapid HIV testing experience at Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System's Homeless Stand Downs
In the USA, 21% of the estimated 1.1 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are unaware they are HIV-infected. In 2011, Veterans Health Administration (VHA)'s Office of Public Health in conjunction with VHA's Health Care for Homeless Veterans Program funded grants to support rapid HIV testing at homeless outreach events because homeless populations are more likely to obtain emergent …
Expression of Ethnic Prejudice in Focus Groups from Agencies Affected by the 9/11 Attacks on the World Trade Center
Members of Muslim and Arab-American communities were publicly targeted as suspects and perpetrators of this terrorism. One to two years after the attacks, 145 participants from 6 affected agencies in New York City participated in 22 focus groups to discuss post-disaster psychosocial issues. Ethnic prejudice was reflected in 2% of the comments emerging from these discussions, representing three major subthemes: (1) observations of prejudice toward…
Mental Health Response to Community Disasters
IMPORTANCE: Exposure to a disaster is common, and one-third or more of individuals severely exposed may develop posttraumatic stress disorder or other disorders. A systematic approach to the delivery of timely and appropriate disaster mental health services may facilitate their integration into the emergency medical response. OBJECTIVE: To review and summarize the evidence for how best to identify individuals in need of disaster mental health ser…
The Neighborhood Context of Homelessness
Objectives. We examined and compared the changing neighborhood characteristics of a group of homeless adults over time. Methods. We collected the addresses of previous housing and sleep locations from a longitudinal study of 400 homeless adults in the St. Louis, Missouri, region and compared census measures of housing and economic opportunities at different points along individual pathways from housing to homelessness and at 1- and 2-year follow-…
Predictors of Successful Tracking over Time in a Homeless Population
Optimal understanding of the longitudinal course of homelessness requires research methodologies for successful tracking of this difficult-to-follow population (McKenzie et al., 1999). It is important to enroll and retain participants in research populations to be able to generalize findings to the populations they represent. Challenges of tracking marginalized populations over time are well recognized (Bindman, Grumbach, Keane, & Lurie, 1993; Co…
Examining a Comprehensive Model of Disaster-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Systematically Studied Survivors of 10 Disasters
Objectives. Using a comprehensive disaster model, we examined predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combined data from 10 different disasters. Methods. The combined sample included data from 811 directly exposed survivors of 10 disasters between 1987 and 1995. We used consistent methods across all 10 disaster samples, including full diagnostic assessment. Results. In multivariate analyses, predictors of PTSD were female gender, yo…
Can We Address the Shortage of Psychiatrists in the Correctional Setting with Exposure During Residency Training
A comparison of homeless men and women
Are Rates of Psychiatric Disorders in the Homeless Population Changing
Objectives. We examined the prevalence of psychiatric illness among 3 homeless populations in St. Louis, Mo, in approximately 1980, 1990, and 2000. The 3 studies were conducted with the same systemic research methodology. Methods. We compared selected demographics and lifetime substance abuse and dependence and other mental illness among the 3 populations. Results. Among the homeless populations we studied, the prevalence of mood and substance us…
An exploration of alienation and replacement theories of social support in homelessness
This study conducted a preliminary test of two theories (general alienation and replacement) of support networks in relation to duration of homelessness. Nine hundred respondents experiencing homelessness were selected randomly from shelters and day centers and recruited from city streets. Information obtained from interviews included number and perceived reliability of supports—distinguishing between family supports, friend supports with homes, …
Not all homeless women are alike
Agency-Based Tracking of Difficult-to-Follow Populations
A Comparison Study of Psychiatric and Behavior Disorders and Cognitive Ability Among Homeless and Housed Children
Psychiatric Disorders Among Victims of a Courthouse Shooting Spree
The Neighborhood Context of Homelessness
Objectives. We examined and compared the changing neighborhood characteristics of a group of homeless adults over time. Methods. We collected the addresses of previous housing and sleep locations from a longitudinal study of 400 homeless adults in the St. Louis, Missouri, region and compared census measures of housing and economic opportunities at different points along individual pathways from housing to homelessness and at 1- and 2-year follow-…
One-Year Status of Homeless Mentally Ill Clients Who Completed a Transitional Residential Program
A Pilot Study Using Mixed GPS/Narrative Interview Methods to Understand Geospatial Behavior in Homeless Populations
Examining a Comprehensive Model of Disaster-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Systematically Studied Survivors of 10 Disasters
Objectives. Using a comprehensive disaster model, we examined predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combined data from 10 different disasters. Methods. The combined sample included data from 811 directly exposed survivors of 10 disasters between 1987 and 1995. We used consistent methods across all 10 disaster samples, including full diagnostic assessment. Results. In multivariate analyses, predictors of PTSD were female gender, yo…
Workplace response of companies exposed to the 9/11 World Trade Center attack
The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 (9/11) left workplaces in pressing need of a mental health response capability. Unaddressed emotional sequelae may be devastating to the productivity and economic stability of a company's workforce. In the second year after the attacks, 85 employees of five highly affected agencies participated in 12 focus groups to discuss workplace mental health issues. Managers felt ill prepared to manage the magnitud…
A Longitudinal Analysis of Psychiatric Severity upon Outcomes Among Substance Abusers Residing in Self‐Help Settings
A longitudinal analysis of psychiatric severity was conducted with a national sample of recovering substance abusers living in Oxford Houses, which are self‐run, self‐help settings. Outcomes related to residents' psychiatric severity were examined at three follow‐up intervals over one year. Over time, Oxford House residents with high versus low baseline psychiatric severity reported significantly more days using psychiatric medication, decreased …
Family-Responsive Psychoeducation Groups for Families with an Adult Member with Mental Illness
Comparing Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless
Trauma, Grief and Depression in Nairobi Children After the 1998 Bombing of the American Embassy
Despite the increasingly dangerous world where trauma and loss are common, relatively few studies have explored traumatic grief in children. The 1998 American Embassy bombing in Nairobi, Kenya, provided an unfortunate opportunity to examine this topic. This report describes findings in 156 children who knew someone killed in the incident, assessed 8 to 14 months after the explosion. Bomb-related posttraumatic stress was associated with physical e…
Living with Severe Mental Illness--What Families and Friends Must Know
One-day "family survival" psychoeducation workshops are a promising, convenient method of disseminating basic information to families with a relative who is diagnosed with a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, major depression, or other affective disorders. At five separate psychoeducation workshops, 83 participating families completed the self-report North-Sachar Family Life Questionnaire and open-ended "problem lists" of issues facing…
A qualitative analysis of satisfaction with justice and desire for revenge in survivors of the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center
Background: Most of the existing research on the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) has narrowly focused on posttraumatic stress disorder, limiting the potential to learn about other important consequences of this disaster. This qualitative study examined survivors’ views of justice regarding the 9/11 attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center. Method: A volunteer sample of 196 employees with varied 9/11 disaster-trauma exposures f…
Development and Implementation of Psychiatric Services in a Student-Operated Clinic
Predictors of Successful Tracking over Time in a Homeless Population
Optimal understanding of the longitudinal course of homelessness requires research methodologies for successful tracking of this difficult-to-follow population (McKenzie et al., 1999). It is important to enroll and retain participants in research populations to be able to generalize findings to the populations they represent. Challenges of tracking marginalized populations over time are well recognized (Bindman, Grumbach, Keane, & Lurie, 1993; Co…
A Comparison of Clinical and Structured Interview Diagnoses in a Homeless Mental Health Clinic
A comparison of homeless men and women
Not all homeless women are alike
One-Year Status of Homeless Mentally Ill Clients Who Completed a Transitional Residential Program
A Comparison of Clinical and Structured Interview Diagnoses in a Homeless Mental Health Clinic
The family as caregiver
A professionally led multifamily psychoeducation program for families with a schizophrenic member was designed according to participating families' reported concerns. The families provided information on their problems, needs, coping, and requirements from the program. They expressed more concern about "negative" symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g., social withdrawal) than about positive ones (e.g., hallucinations). Participants' overall positive res…
Psychiatric Disorders Among Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing
CONTEXT: Disasters expose unselected populations to traumatic events and can be used to study the mental health effects. The Oklahoma City, Okla, bombing is particularly significant for the study of mental health sequelae of trauma because its extreme magnitude and scope have been predicted to render profound psychiatric effects on survivors. OBJECTIVE: To measure the psychiatric impact of the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in O…
Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with the MMPI
Clinic patients with diagnoses of either major depression or somatization disorder were given the MMPI. Women with somatization disorder had high scores on Keane's MMPI scale (PK) for posttraumatic stress disorder. Following the procedure for the MMPI-2 (46 of the 49 PK items and MMPI-2 norms), 59% of the women with somatization disorder and 21% of the women with major depression would have T scores > or = 65 on the MMPI-2 scale although none of …
Agency-Based Tracking of Difficult-to-Follow Populations
Three-Year Follow-up of Survivors of a Mass Shooting Episode
Family-Responsive Psychoeducation Groups for Families with an Adult Member with Mental Illness
Psychiatric Disorders Among Victims of a Courthouse Shooting Spree
Modeling Service Access in a Homeless Population
Previous research has shown use of greater amounts and more types of services to be robustly associated with positive outcomes. However, research has neither adequately explored nor conceptualized the complex interactions among demographics, homelessness, mental illness, and service use. Subjects (N=396) were systematically sampled. Service use was divided into four sectors: homeless amelioration, homeless maintenance, mental health, and chemical…
What Does the Keane PTSD Scale of the MMPI Measure? Repeated Measurements in a Group of Patients with Major Depression
We looked at a group of depressed patients in a treatment study, none of whom by study design had Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). High scores on the PTSD (PK) scale could only be due to factors other than PTSD. Despite the absence of PTSD, we observed an extremely high false positive rate in a group given the MMPI on multiple occasions. 92% of the subjects had at least one T score at or above 65 on the PK scale. 44% of the men and the women…
An exploration of alienation and replacement theories of social support in homelessness
This study conducted a preliminary test of two theories (general alienation and replacement) of support networks in relation to duration of homelessness. Nine hundred respondents experiencing homelessness were selected randomly from shelters and day centers and recruited from city streets. Information obtained from interviews included number and perceived reliability of supports—distinguishing between family supports, friend supports with homes, …
Posttraumatic stress and functional impairment in Kenyan children following the 1998 American embassy bombing
This study examined a convenience sample of 562 Nairobi school children exposed to the 1998 bombing of the American Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. Posttraumatic stress reactions to the bombing were related to posttraumatic stress reactions to other trauma and to peritraumatic reaction. Self-reported functional impairment was minimal
Are Rates of Psychiatric Disorders in the Homeless Population Changing
Objectives. We examined the prevalence of psychiatric illness among 3 homeless populations in St. Louis, Mo, in approximately 1980, 1990, and 2000. The 3 studies were conducted with the same systemic research methodology. Methods. We compared selected demographics and lifetime substance abuse and dependence and other mental illness among the 3 populations. Results. Among the homeless populations we studied, the prevalence of mood and substance us…
Family support for individual homeless adults
This article presents original interview data from people who are related to recently homeless adults. People with a recently homeless relative indicated that they provide multiple types of support for their homeless adult relatives, and that providing such support can be a burden requiring a broader base of social support for families. The challenges facing members of families who have a homeless relative are compounded when their homeless relat…
Trauma, Grief and Depression in Nairobi Children After the 1998 Bombing of the American Embassy
Despite the increasingly dangerous world where trauma and loss are common, relatively few studies have explored traumatic grief in children. The 1998 American Embassy bombing in Nairobi, Kenya, provided an unfortunate opportunity to examine this topic. This report describes findings in 156 children who knew someone killed in the incident, assessed 8 to 14 months after the explosion. Bomb-related posttraumatic stress was associated with physical e…
Differences in Problems Faced by Families with a Child Coping with a Serious Emotional Disorder or an Adult Member Coping with Mental Illness
Examination of similarities and differences in the issues families face can help determine whether models for families with a child coping with serious emotional disorder (SED/behavioral disorder (BD)) warrant inclusion in, or adaptation of, interventions for families with an adult member coping with a mental disorder. Families attending psycho-education workshops identified problems faced in managing their family member's illness. Composite list…
Living with Severe Mental Illness--What Families and Friends Must Know
One-day "family survival" psychoeducation workshops are a promising, convenient method of disseminating basic information to families with a relative who is diagnosed with a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, major depression, or other affective disorders. At five separate psychoeducation workshops, 83 participating families completed the self-report North-Sachar Family Life Questionnaire and open-ended "problem lists" of issues facing…
A Comparison Study of Psychiatric and Behavior Disorders and Cognitive Ability Among Homeless and Housed Children
A Longitudinal Analysis of Psychiatric Severity upon Outcomes Among Substance Abusers Residing in Self‐Help Settings
A longitudinal analysis of psychiatric severity was conducted with a national sample of recovering substance abusers living in Oxford Houses, which are self‐run, self‐help settings. Outcomes related to residents' psychiatric severity were examined at three follow‐up intervals over one year. Over time, Oxford House residents with high versus low baseline psychiatric severity reported significantly more days using psychiatric medication, decreased …
Parenting adults who become homeless
This article focuses on the stressors of parenting an adult child who experiences homelessness. Parents whose adult children become homeless may provide support to this child, but they may also subsequently experience stress and require social support themselves. Findings from this study support the hypothesis that parents who spend more time or money helping their homeless adult offspring experience higher levels of stress. Results also show hig…
Psychiatric diagnosis
Predictors of Successful Tracking over Time in a Homeless Population
Optimal understanding of the longitudinal course of homelessness requires research methodologies for successful tracking of this difficult-to-follow population (McKenzie et al., 1999). It is important to enroll and retain participants in research populations to be able to generalize findings to the populations they represent. Challenges of tracking marginalized populations over time are well recognized (Bindman, Grumbach, Keane, & Lurie, 1993; Co…
Psychology (40 obras) · Medicine (39 obras) · Psychiatry (35 obras) · Homelessness and Social Issues (21 obras) · Clinical Psychology (20 obras) · Mental health (19 obras) · Environmental health (15 obras) · Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research (14 obras) · Population (13 obras) · Sociology (13 obras)