Kenneth L Dion
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 141498 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Kenneth L Dion |
| PRENOMES | Kenneth L |
| SOBRENOME | Dion |
| ASSINATURA | DION K L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Toronto |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 42 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 421 |
| OBRAS COMO AUTOR | 42 |
| OBRAS COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1970 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Latest Contributions to Cross-Cultural Psychology
Gender, Immigrant Generation, and Ethnocultural Identity
The Role of Hardiness in Moderating the Relationship Between Global/Specific Attributions and Actions Against Discrimination
Dispositional Hardiness and Women's Well-Being Relating to Gender Discrimination
Three studies examined whether personality-based hardiness would be associated with mental health benefits in contexts of gender discrimination. Hardy women encountering both a laboratory simulation and a hypothetical scenario of discrimination showed greater self-esteem and less negative affect than low hardy women. However, these benefits were mediated by the use of specific attributions, suggesting that well-being in hardy women may have been …
Immigrants' Perceptions of Housing Discrimination in Toronto
The Housing New Canadians project investigated recent immigrants' perceptions of discrimination in finding rental housing since arriving in Toronto, Canada. Respondents from three immigrant communities —Jamaicans, Poles, and Somalis ά—indicated how much housing discrimination they had personally experienced and how much discrimination they perceived to have been directed toward their group. They also rated how much each of several factors, includ…
Gender and Cultural Adaptation in Immigrant Families
The study of immigration and immigrants’ experiences benefits from examining the contribution of gender. In this article, we focus on the importance of gender for understanding different aspects of family functioning. Conditions associated with immigration and settlement in the receiving society may challenge expectations about gender‐related roles, resulting in the renegotiation of these roles in immigrant families. Also, there is evidence of di…
Caregiver Responses to Symptoms of First-Onset Psychosis
Considerable evidence suggests that ethnic Chinese families in Canada are reluctant to seek psychiatric treatment for a relative with mental illness. The following hypotheses were investigated: (a) longer delay in seeking treatment among Chinese versus Euro-Canadians; (b) greater burden among Chinese versus Euro-Canadians; and (c) more negative conceptions of mental illness among Chinese versus Euro-Canadians. The sample consisted of 18 Chinese C…
Gender and Acculturation in Relation to Traditionalism
Racial Prejudice and Stereotype Activation
The main goal of the present study was to investigate the interrelationships among preudice and the endorsement and activation of cultural stereotypes. The endorsement of stereotypes was examined using an attribution estimate measure. Stereotype activation was examined using a pronunciation task with short and long stimulus onset asynchronies (300 ms and 2000 ms) to induce automatic and controlled processing. As expected, high prejudiced particip…
Ethnicity and perceived discrimination in Toronto
Perceptions of personal and group discrimination in five domains (jobs, pay, loans, promotions, and clubs) were investigated using the 1992 Minority Survey, which consisted of telephone interviews with 902 respondents from different ethnic groups in Toronto. The reported analyses concern six ethnic groups, representing visible, racial minorities (Blacks, Chinese, and South Asians) as well as white minorities (Italians, Jews, and Portuguese). The …
Cultural perspectives on romantic love
Culture‐related dimensions contribute to a more complete understanding of romantic love. In particular, we suggest that the dimensions of individualism and collectivism, at both societal and psychological levels, offer insights into the nature of romantic love and its perceived importance for marriage. Changes In values pertaining to romantic love and its role In choosing a spouse are evident In several traditionally collectivistic societies and …
An Error in Cota, Dion, and Evans (1993) Produced by a GLS Error in EQS Version 3.00
An error was found in an article published by the authors in this journal in 1993 entitled "A Reexamination of the Structure of the Gross Cohesiveness Scale." The value of .981 for the Bentler-Bonett Normed Fit Index (NFI) that was reported is incorrect. This research note was written to correct the error, which was caused by an inaccurate null model chi-square produced by the generalized least-squares (GLS) method of EQS Version 3.00. Implicatio…
Social Identity and Affect as Determinants of Collective Action
The goal of this paper is to compare and contrast relative deprivation and social identity theories in an attempt to form an integrative model of social comparison. The model posits that, depending on the determinants of salience, people come to categorize themselves as individuals or group members. When personal or group self-identities are salient, individuals engage in intragroup or intergroup comparisons respectively. Negative outcomes from t…
Atiachment Style and Heterosexual Relationships among Young Adults
We investigated whether the relationship advantages reported for individuals with a secure attachment style persisted over a 4-month time period. The temporal stability of two self-report measures of attachment style was also investigated. `Secures' reported consistent levels of relationship satisfaction, relationship costs, relationship commitment, trust for their partners. `Insecures' (i.e. avoidants and anxious/ambivalents) reported decreasing…
A Reexamination of the Structure of the Gross Cohesiveness Scale
Psychologists have had a long-standing interest in the construct of group cohesion. Yet, how this construct should be defined and measured -remains a controversial question. A central issue in the debate concerns the dimensionality of group cohesion. Recently, some researchers have adopted unidimensional models of this construct, whereas others have used multidimensional models of the same construct. In this study, the structure of the Gross (195…
Gender and Ethnocultural Comparisons in Styles of Love
Ethnocultural background and gender were investigated as correlates of love styles in an ethnically diverse sample of university students in Toronto. Women viewed love as more friendship oriented, more pragmatic, but less permissive than did men, findings consistent with previous research with American college students. Ethnocultural differences or Gender x Ethnocultural Background interactions were also found. In line with an expected contrast b…
The impact of salient self‐identities on relative deprivation and action intentions
Salient self‐identities and their impact upon feelings of relative deprivation (RD) and subsequent action intentions were examined. Eight experimental conditions (Personal/Group Salience × Large/Small Intragroup Inequalities × Large/Small Intergroup Inequalities) were created utilizing a role‐play design. Significant main effects for both salience and social inequalities were found to influence both RD and action intentions. In accordance with se…
Individualistic and Collectivistic Perspectives on Gender and the Cultural Context of Love and Intimacy
Individualism and collectivism help explain culture-related differences in romantic love and in the importance of emotional intimacy in marriage. Three propositions are suggested: (a) Romantic love is more likely to be an important basis for marriage in individualistic than in collectivistic societies; (b) psychological intimacy in marriage is more important for marital satisfaction and personal well-being in individualistic than in collectivisti…
Personality-based hardiness as a buffer for discrimination-related stress in members of Toronto's Chinese community.
Group Cohesion and Performance
Past research examining group cohesion and performance was reviewed using metaanalysis. The results indicated a positive relationship with the average cohesive group performing 18 percentile points above the average noncohesive group. Given the nature of the studies used here (all studies had been previously published), caution is suggested in generalizing these results to "real" work groups.
The Ms. Stereotype
It was hypothesized that (a) a woman who prefers Ms. as her title of address would be seen by perceivers of both sexes as being higher on positive as well as negative instrumental qualities and also lower on positive and negative qualities of expressiveness than a woman who prefers a traditional title of address (i.e., Miss and Mrs.), and (b) explicit preference for the woman's title of address would elicit stronger trait attributions for women w…
Construct validity of a diagnostic ratio measure of gender stereotypes
Social-psychological correlates of experienced discrimination
Ethnicity and Sex as Correlates of Depression Symptoms in a Canadian University Sample
Differences in the extent of depression symptoms were explored in a sample of Canadian university students representing Anglo-Celtic, South European, North Euro pean, East European, South Asian, and East Asian ethnocultural backgrounds in Toronto, one of the world's most ethnically diverse cities. Consistent with expectations, sex and ethnic differences in the self-reported strength of depression symptoms, as measured by the Beck Depression Inven…
Ms. and the manager
Individualistic and Collectivistic Perspectives on Gender and the Cultural Context of Love and Intimacy
Individualism and collectivism help explain culture-related differences in romantic love and in the importance of emotional intimacy in marriage. Three propositions are suggested: (a) Romantic love is more likely to be an important basis for marriage in individualistic than in collectivistic societies; (b) psychological intimacy in marriage is more important for marital satisfaction and personal well-being in individualistic than in collectivisti…
Gender and Cultural Adaptation in Immigrant Families
The study of immigration and immigrants’ experiences benefits from examining the contribution of gender. In this article, we focus on the importance of gender for understanding different aspects of family functioning. Conditions associated with immigration and settlement in the receiving society may challenge expectations about gender‐related roles, resulting in the renegotiation of these roles in immigrant families. Also, there is evidence of di…
Gender and Acculturation in Relation to Traditionalism
Immigrants' Perceptions of Housing Discrimination in Toronto
The Housing New Canadians project investigated recent immigrants' perceptions of discrimination in finding rental housing since arriving in Toronto, Canada. Respondents from three immigrant communities —Jamaicans, Poles, and Somalis ά—indicated how much housing discrimination they had personally experienced and how much discrimination they perceived to have been directed toward their group. They also rated how much each of several factors, includ…
The phenomenology of being a target of prejudice
The effects of preceived prejudice upon affect and self-evaluation were explored by experimentally investigating the reactions of Jews to failure in an interpersonal situation. Subjects attributing their failure to religious discrimination by gentiles reported feeling more aggression, sadness, anxiety, and egotism on the Mood Adjective Check List than those who could not invoke anti-Semitism as an explanation for their failure. Moreover, they ind…
The impact of salient self‐identities on relative deprivation and action intentions
Salient self‐identities and their impact upon feelings of relative deprivation (RD) and subsequent action intentions were examined. Eight experimental conditions (Personal/Group Salience × Large/Small Intragroup Inequalities × Large/Small Intergroup Inequalities) were created utilizing a role‐play design. Significant main effects for both salience and social inequalities were found to influence both RD and action intentions. In accordance with se…
Atiachment Style and Heterosexual Relationships among Young Adults
We investigated whether the relationship advantages reported for individuals with a secure attachment style persisted over a 4-month time period. The temporal stability of two self-report measures of attachment style was also investigated. `Secures' reported consistent levels of relationship satisfaction, relationship costs, relationship commitment, trust for their partners. `Insecures' (i.e. avoidants and anxious/ambivalents) reported decreasing…
Names, Identity, and Self
Along with other scholars, some psychologists have proposed a relationship between a person's name and her or his sense of identity and self. The evidence concerning this proposition, drawn from several areas of psychology, is the subject of this paper. Studies of (a) personal identity, (b) names and self-acceptance, and (c) attention and memory for one's name, respectively, are presented and discussed. This diverse research leads to the conclusi…
Women's reactions to discrimination from members of the same or opposite sex
Gender, Immigrant Generation, and Ethnocultural Identity
Belief in a just world and physical attractiveness stereotyping
Just-world theory provides a possible explanation of physical attractiveness stereotyping, in that believing in a just world should lead to a positive bias toward winners, such as the physically attractive. Several hypotheses derived from this premise were tested by having adults complete the Just World Scale and rate the personality traits and expected life outcomes of an attractive or unattractive stimulus person. Predictions for the personalit…
Salience of gender and sex composition of ad hoc groups
Does the salience of an individual group member's gender depend on the group's sex composition? According to McGuire's distinctiveness theory, even for momentary or ad hoc groups, gender would be more salient in the spontaneous self-concepts of members of the minority sex in mixed-sex groups than in other conditions. To test this prediction experimentally, we manipulated the sex composition of 3-peison groups, which resulted in four types: All ma…
Cohesiveness as a determinant of ingroup-outgroup bias
Gender and Ethnocultural Comparisons in Styles of Love
Ethnocultural background and gender were investigated as correlates of love styles in an ethnically diverse sample of university students in Toronto. Women viewed love as more friendship oriented, more pragmatic, but less permissive than did men, findings consistent with previous research with American college students. Ethnocultural differences or Gender x Ethnocultural Background interactions were also found. In line with an expected contrast b…
Social-psychological correlates of experienced discrimination
Ms. and the manager
Stereotyping Physical Attractiveness
Why does stereotyping based on physical attractiveness occur? We proposed a sociocultural hypothesis that physical attractiveness is less likely to be a salient evaluative cue in cultural contexts where collectivism, rather than individualism, is the basis for the dominant system of values. In collectivist cultures, the group rather than the individual is stressed, suggesting that social judgments, such as first impressions of others, are more li…
An analysis of the familiarization explanation of the risky-shift
The Ms. Stereotype
It was hypothesized that (a) a woman who prefers Ms. as her title of address would be seen by perceivers of both sexes as being higher on positive as well as negative instrumental qualities and also lower on positive and negative qualities of expressiveness than a woman who prefers a traditional title of address (i.e., Miss and Mrs.), and (b) explicit preference for the woman's title of address would elicit stronger trait attributions for women w…
Group consensus and cultural values as determinants of risk taking
Dispositional Hardiness and Women's Well-Being Relating to Gender Discrimination
Three studies examined whether personality-based hardiness would be associated with mental health benefits in contexts of gender discrimination. Hardy women encountering both a laboratory simulation and a hypothetical scenario of discrimination showed greater self-esteem and less negative affect than low hardy women. However, these benefits were mediated by the use of specific attributions, suggesting that well-being in hardy women may have been …
The Role of Hardiness in Moderating the Relationship Between Global/Specific Attributions and Actions Against Discrimination
What's in a Title? The Ms. Stereotype and Images of Women's Titles of Address
The hypothesis that the title Ms. elicits a stereotype was tested in two separate experiments. In both cases, university students of both sexes were presented with a brief description of a stimulus person whose title of address was varied (i.e., Ms., Mrs., Miss, or Mr.). In Experiment I, subjects conveyed their impressions on semantic differential ratings and life outcome ratings. Experiment II employed a larger pool of semantic differential rati…
The Honi phenomenon revisited
An individual being viewed in an Ames room usually appears considerably altered in physical size to an observer. However, some married persons perceive less size distortion of their spouses than a stranger. This instance of selective perceptual distortion, known as the Honi phenomenon, could perhaps reflect differential familiarity and/or emotional involvement toward these stimulus persons. Using heterosexual couples as subjects, we investigated …
Cohesiveness and social responsibility as determinants of group risk taking
Why do Groups Make Riskier Decisions Than Individuals
Cohesiveness and social responsibility as determinants of group risk taking
Group consensus and cultural values as determinants of risk taking
An analysis of the familiarization explanation of the risky-shift
Determinants of task-related self-evaluations in black children
Cohesiveness as a determinant of ingroup-outgroup bias
Self‐esteem and romantic love
Women's reactions to discrimination from members of the same or opposite sex
The phenomenology of being a target of prejudice
The effects of preceived prejudice upon affect and self-evaluation were explored by experimentally investigating the reactions of Jews to failure in an interpersonal situation. Subjects attributing their failure to religious discrimination by gentiles reported feeling more aggression, sadness, anxiety, and egotism on the Mood Adjective Check List than those who could not invoke anti-Semitism as an explanation for their failure. Moreover, they ind…
The Honi phenomenon revisited
An individual being viewed in an Ames room usually appears considerably altered in physical size to an observer. However, some married persons perceive less size distortion of their spouses than a stranger. This instance of selective perceptual distortion, known as the Honi phenomenon, could perhaps reflect differential familiarity and/or emotional involvement toward these stimulus persons. Using heterosexual couples as subjects, we investigated …
Defensiveness, intimacy, and heterosexual attraction
Personality and Behavioural Correlates of Romantic Love
Names, Identity, and Self
Along with other scholars, some psychologists have proposed a relationship between a person's name and her or his sense of identity and self. The evidence concerning this proposition, drawn from several areas of psychology, is the subject of this paper. Studies of (a) personal identity, (b) names and self-acceptance, and (c) attention and memory for one's name, respectively, are presented and discussed. This diverse research leads to the conclusi…
Salience of gender and sex composition of ad hoc groups
Does the salience of an individual group member's gender depend on the group's sex composition? According to McGuire's distinctiveness theory, even for momentary or ad hoc groups, gender would be more salient in the spontaneous self-concepts of members of the minority sex in mixed-sex groups than in other conditions. To test this prediction experimentally, we manipulated the sex composition of 3-peison groups, which resulted in four types: All ma…
What's in a Title? The Ms. Stereotype and Images of Women's Titles of Address
The hypothesis that the title Ms. elicits a stereotype was tested in two separate experiments. In both cases, university students of both sexes were presented with a brief description of a stimulus person whose title of address was varied (i.e., Ms., Mrs., Miss, or Mr.). In Experiment I, subjects conveyed their impressions on semantic differential ratings and life outcome ratings. Experiment II employed a larger pool of semantic differential rati…
Belief in a just world and physical attractiveness stereotyping
Just-world theory provides a possible explanation of physical attractiveness stereotyping, in that believing in a just world should lead to a positive bias toward winners, such as the physically attractive. Several hypotheses derived from this premise were tested by having adults complete the Just World Scale and rate the personality traits and expected life outcomes of an attractive or unattractive stimulus person. Predictions for the personalit…
Ethnicity and Sex as Correlates of Depression Symptoms in a Canadian University Sample
Differences in the extent of depression symptoms were explored in a sample of Canadian university students representing Anglo-Celtic, South European, North Euro pean, East European, South Asian, and East Asian ethnocultural backgrounds in Toronto, one of the world's most ethnically diverse cities. Consistent with expectations, sex and ethnic differences in the self-reported strength of depression symptoms, as measured by the Beck Depression Inven…
Ms. and the manager
Stereotyping Physical Attractiveness
Why does stereotyping based on physical attractiveness occur? We proposed a sociocultural hypothesis that physical attractiveness is less likely to be a salient evaluative cue in cultural contexts where collectivism, rather than individualism, is the basis for the dominant system of values. In collectivist cultures, the group rather than the individual is stressed, suggesting that social judgments, such as first impressions of others, are more li…
Group Cohesion and Performance
Past research examining group cohesion and performance was reviewed using metaanalysis. The results indicated a positive relationship with the average cohesive group performing 18 percentile points above the average noncohesive group. Given the nature of the studies used here (all studies had been previously published), caution is suggested in generalizing these results to "real" work groups.
The Ms. Stereotype
It was hypothesized that (a) a woman who prefers Ms. as her title of address would be seen by perceivers of both sexes as being higher on positive as well as negative instrumental qualities and also lower on positive and negative qualities of expressiveness than a woman who prefers a traditional title of address (i.e., Miss and Mrs.), and (b) explicit preference for the woman's title of address would elicit stronger trait attributions for women w…
Construct validity of a diagnostic ratio measure of gender stereotypes
Social-psychological correlates of experienced discrimination
Personality-based hardiness as a buffer for discrimination-related stress in members of Toronto's Chinese community.
A Reexamination of the Structure of the Gross Cohesiveness Scale
Psychologists have had a long-standing interest in the construct of group cohesion. Yet, how this construct should be defined and measured -remains a controversial question. A central issue in the debate concerns the dimensionality of group cohesion. Recently, some researchers have adopted unidimensional models of this construct, whereas others have used multidimensional models of the same construct. In this study, the structure of the Gross (195…
Psychology (40 obras) · Social Psychology (34 obras) · Social Psychology (22 obras) · Developmental psychology (21 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (17 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (11 obras) · Sociology (10 obras) · Cognitive psychology (9 obras) · Ethnic group (8 obras) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (8 obras)