C Wouters
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 14427 |
|---|---|
| NOME | C Wouters |
| PRENOMES | C |
| SOBRENOME | Wouters |
| ASSINATURA | WOUTERS C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Utrecht University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4183-7790 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 323 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1986 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Civilising Pressures in Globally Expanding Networks of Functional Interdependence
Over the past three hundred years, with the emancipation of people as individuals and groups, social definitions of differences in inequality and equality -particularly those in social and political power, wealth and rank - have increasingly shifted from being designated as ‘bad luck’ in the direction of ‘social injustice’. These are now debated as signs of changing social power relations, both in economic and political terms. On a global level, …
Lust Balance
Children become sexually mature at an age when their relational ideals and practices are already well developed, as is their whole pattern of self‐regulation. Thus, becoming sexually mature and the development of sexual impulses and longings find a bed – so to speak – in relational developments. How young girls and boys integrate sexuality into their personality and relational ideals can be recapitulated as the development of their lust balance. …
Sexualité des adolescents et concurrence des classes sociales
Cette étude a pour but de comparer l'évolution du processus sociologique des bonnes sociétés néerlandaises et américaines depuis les années 1880, alors que les usages pourfaire la courétaient encore sous le contrôle strict des parents. Elle décrit de quelle manière le système derendez-vousaux États-Unis, celui duverkeringaux Pays-Bas (un « engagement » informel analogue à celui de « sortir ensemble »), ainsi que la propagation de nouvelles direct…
Discussing Civilisation and Informalisation
Norbert Elias’s theory of civilising processes has been received only marginally in the USA, one of the obstacles being the absence of figurational or process studies of American society. In the first decade of this century this situation was changed by the publication of Stephen Mennell’s The American Civilizing Process (2007) and Cas Wouters’ Sex and Manners (2004) and Informalization (2007). By 2012, Randall Collins had reviewed the first and …
No sex under my roof
The oneliner ‘No sex under my roof’ is used to reinforce the rule of premarital abstinence of sexuality until teenage children marry or move from home. In the USA, most parents still stick to this norm, whereas in the Netherlands since the late 1960s, a new rule developed, allowing teenage children to have sex, provided they ‘feel strongly for each other’ and feel ‘ready’ for it. This paper describes and compares developments in the USA and in th…
Como continuaram os processos civilizadores
Baseado em uma análise de livros de boas maneiras, datados desde 1890, em quatro países ocidentais, este artigo descreve como "processos civilizadores" continuaram nos séculos XIX e XX. O artigo concentra-se, primeiro, em três funções centrais de uma "boa sociedade" e de seu código de costumes e maneiras e, em seguida, descreve como, em um processo de longa duração de formalização dos costumes e maneiras e de disciplinamento de pessoas, emoções "…
How Civilizing Processes Continued
Based on an analysis of manners books in four Western countries since 1890, this paper describes how 'civilizing processes' have continued in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The paper first focuses on three central functions of a 'good society' and its code of manners, and then describes how, in a long-term phase of formalizing manners and disciplining people, 'dangerous' emotions such as those related to physical (including sexual) viole…
On Friendship, Equality and Introductions
The Germans and the English differ in their experience of friendship. This paper departs from the observation that German manners books in the nineteenth and twentieth century are preoccupied with 'friendship' and the use of the personal pronoun, the informal you: Du. The topic 'friendship' is virtually absent in English manners books. In English books, until the 1970s, rules for introductions were a major if not the most prominent topic, whereas…
Changes in the ‘lust balance’ of sex and love since the sexual revolution
Sexualization
In its present use, the connotations of ‘sexualization’ as a concept are mainly negative. They were strengthened and reinforced in 2007 by the publication of a research report by the American Psychological Association. In this article, the findings of the APA Report and its use of a morally loaded negative concept of sexualization are contested. In contrast, this article presents sexualization as a long-term social process that was preceded by a …
The Planned and the Unplanned
When one considers the proximity of their concerns, it is perhaps surprising that the works of Norbert Elias and Michel Foucault have not been more systematically compared and discussed. However, the differentiation of disciplinary knowledge (particularly the boundary that separates philosophy from social theory), com-pounded by parochialisms fostered by the cult of the intellectual, have delayed this process far past its due. This conversation, …
Comment les processus de civilisation se sont-ils prolongés
Cette contribution se concentre sur les processus de civilisation au 20 e siècle, en partant de l'analyse des livres de manières dans quatre pays occidentaux depuis 1890. Elle s'articule à l'étude de Norbert Elias en décrivant comment, sur une phase de longue durée de formalisation des manières et de « disciplinarisation » des personnes, les émotions « dangereuses » telles que celles relatives à la violence physique (y compris sexuelle) en vinren…
Informalization
Informalization
Following the success of 'Sex and Manners', this title explains the sweeping changes to 20th century regimes of manners and self
Lust Balance
The concept of the lust balance refers to the social organization and accompanying social codes (ideals and practices) regarding the relationship between the longing for sexual gratification and the longing for enduring relational intimacy. It thus draws attention to the balance between emotive charges in the desires for sex and love, and to changes in this lust balance. For although the two types of longing for sexual gratification and for an in…
On 'Psychic' and 'Psychological
In recent years, in many Western countries, there has been a sharp decline in the number of sociology students and in the market for sociology books, while in the field of psychology a similar development was absent.In a nutshell: psychology and philosophy gained most of the territory that sociology lost.At this very moment, the sociologists Quilley and Loyal have published a courageous article in which they reclaim that lost territory by outlini…
Changing regimes of manners and emotions
Introduction In this chapter, I outline changes in the regimes of manners and emotions in the West between the fifteenth and the twenty-first century. I will use the material and perspective developed by Norbert Elias in The Civilizing Process , and extend Elias's own investigation through to the end of the twentieth century. By studying manners books, Elias uncovered evidence of long-term changes in social codes as well as in people's psychic ma…
Sex and Manners
The Sociology of Norbert Elias
Norbert Elias has been described as a great sociologist and over recent years there has been a steady upsurge of interest in his work. Yet despite the fact that he was active for nearly sixty years from the 1920s to the 1960s it was only in the 1980s that English translations of his works became widely available and the importance of his contribution to the sociological endeavour was fully recognised in the English speaking world. This 2004 book …
La civilisation des mœurs et des émotions
Dans Über den Prozess der Zivilisation (1939), publié en France en deux volumes, sous les titres La civilisation des mœurs (1973) et La dynamique de l’Occident (1975), Norbert Elias étudie les transformations des régimes de mœurs et d’émotions en Europe de l’Ouest entre les XVe et XIXe siècles. Dans ce chapitre, je présenterai une esquisse de ces transformations et la prolongerai jusqu’à la fin du XXe siècle. Le résumé qui suit est redevable à l’…
Norbert Élias et la théorie de la civilisation
Titre d'un ouvrage fondateur de N. Élias, la notion de « Procès de Civilisation » est entrée dans la boîte à outils des sciences sociales. Paradoxalement c'est au moment où cette notion, ainsi que les concepts et la lecture du social qui l'accompagnent, connaissent une indéniable consécration que les objections critiques se multiplient.
The Quest for New Rituals in Dying and Mourning
Rituals in dying and mourning have a social and a psychic aspect: they have the twin function of diminishing the danger of succumbing to intense emotions (fear, despair, powerlessness and grief) by evoking a feeling of solidarity, and of enhancing the sense of being connected to a larger community, on which basis these emotions are acknowledged as well as dimmed and kept under control. As the changes in mourning ritual of the last half of the 20t…
What is Love
Untersuchung der Veränderungen im Verhältnis zwischen den Geschlechtern. Staat und Sexualmoral; ministerielle Stellungnahmen und Untersuchungsberichte
Der Fortschritt der Frauenemanzipation in diesem Jahrhundert ist unverkennbar. In wechselndem Tempo, rasch in Phasen von Emanzipation und Widerstand und langsamer in Phasen der Anpassung und der Ergebenheit, hat sich eine Entwicklung von der Obhut des Mannes zur Selbstbehauptung vollzogen. Im vorigen Kapitel ist schon ein Teil dieser Entwicklung behandelt worden. In diesem Kapitel nun ist ein Aspekt davon zentral, die Eindämmung von sexueller Gew…
Frauen im Zwiespalt
The Sociology of Emotions and Flight Attendants
In recent years growing attention and appreciation has been paid to the sociology of emotions and emotion management.Following reprints of Erving Goffman's works
Formalization and Informalization
1. Informalization Revisited In the sixties and seventies, there was increasing permissiveness, together with growing leniency in codes of social conduct in western societies. Many modes of conduct that had formerly been forbidden were now allowed, particularly in matters of sexuality, and conduct and emotions became less formally regulated in such spheres of behaviour as the written and spoken language, clothing, music, dancing and hair styles. …
Developments in the Behavioural Codes between the Sexes
This article is about changes in dominant modes of social conduct, particularly involving relationships between the sexes. Changes in behavioural codes and ideals were noted in the course of a comparative analysis of etiquette books published in the Netherlands from 1930 to 1985. There was a gap of approximately thirteen years (1966-79) during which, with one exception, no books on this subject were published. There was, however, an upsurge of bo…
On Status Competition and Emotion Management
During the Gulf War fighter pilots, interviewed for TV in their planes before taking off, admitted to being afraid.They did this in a matter of fact way.This would have been almost unthinkable in World War II, when such behaviour would have been equated almost automatically with being fear-ridden, a condition in which it was thought to be impossible to perform well.The dominant response at that time, in answer to the problem of how to prevent sol…
How Civilizing Processes Continued
Based on an analysis of manners books in four Western countries since 1890, this paper describes how 'civilizing processes' have continued in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The paper first focuses on three central functions of a 'good society' and its code of manners, and then describes how, in a long-term phase of formalizing manners and disciplining people, 'dangerous' emotions such as those related to physical (including sexual) viole…
Power Changes and Self-Respect
This article is based on two studies of outsiders in an emancipation process. 1)The first one deals with homosexuals (van Stolk and de Regt, 1979), and the second with women (van Stolk and Wouters, 1983); both studies were carried out in a social service organization.Most of the homosexuals sought counselling because of difficulties in accepting themselves; they suffered from a lack of self-respect.The women, predominantly working-class, had been…
Informalisierung
How Strange to Ourselves are Our Feelings of Superiority and Inferiority
Balancing Sex and Love since the 1960s Sexual Revolution
The longing for an enduring intimate relationship and the longing for sex are connected, but not unproblematically. Throughout this century, a 'sexualization of love' and an 'eroticization of sex' have continued, but only since the Sexual Revolution the traditional lustbalance of a lust dominated sexuality for men and a complementary (romantic) love- or relationship-dominated sexuality for women has come under attack. The article describes and in…
From Philosophy to Sociology
Tracing Elias's intellectual debts is an interesting task, but not an easy one. Elias did not assign much priority to carefully delineating them and situating himself in relation to other writers and schools, in anything like the detail that, say, Parsons, Habermas, Bourdieu or Giddens have done. As Johan Goudsblom (1977:79) said, Elias managed to integrate through empirical research many seemingly incompatible perspectives into a 'workable synth…
Social Stratification and Informalization in Global Perspective
In the industrialized West, processes of differentiation and integration contain a long-term trend towards decreasing differences in power, status and wealth between the social classes, sexes and generations. Toward the end of the last century, this trend became dominant. Succeeding waves of democratization and the redistribution of economic surpluses according to welfare state principles, resulted in the depletion or disappearance of the groups …
The Quest for New Rituals in Dying and Mourning
Rituals in dying and mourning have a social and a psychic aspect: they have the twin function of diminishing the danger of succumbing to intense emotions (fear, despair, powerlessness and grief) by evoking a feeling of solidarity, and of enhancing the sense of being connected to a larger community, on which basis these emotions are acknowledged as well as dimmed and kept under control. As the changes in mourning ritual of the last half of the 20t…
Response to Hochschild's Reply
Como continuaram os processos civilizadores
Baseado em uma análise de livros de boas maneiras, datados desde 1890, em quatro países ocidentais, este artigo descreve como "processos civilizadores" continuaram nos séculos XIX e XX. O artigo concentra-se, primeiro, em três funções centrais de uma "boa sociedade" e de seu código de costumes e maneiras e, em seguida, descreve como, em um processo de longa duração de formalização dos costumes e maneiras e de disciplinamento de pessoas, emoções "…
Comment les processus de civilisation se sont-ils prolongés
Cette contribution se concentre sur les processus de civilisation au 20 e siècle, en partant de l'analyse des livres de manières dans quatre pays occidentaux depuis 1890. Elle s'articule à l'étude de Norbert Elias en décrivant comment, sur une phase de longue durée de formalisation des manières et de « disciplinarisation » des personnes, les émotions « dangereuses » telles que celles relatives à la violence physique (y compris sexuelle) en vinren…
No sex under my roof
The oneliner ‘No sex under my roof’ is used to reinforce the rule of premarital abstinence of sexuality until teenage children marry or move from home. In the USA, most parents still stick to this norm, whereas in the Netherlands since the late 1960s, a new rule developed, allowing teenage children to have sex, provided they ‘feel strongly for each other’ and feel ‘ready’ for it. This paper describes and compares developments in the USA and in th…
On Friendship, Equality and Introductions
The Germans and the English differ in their experience of friendship. This paper departs from the observation that German manners books in the nineteenth and twentieth century are preoccupied with 'friendship' and the use of the personal pronoun, the informal you: Du. The topic 'friendship' is virtually absent in English manners books. In English books, until the 1970s, rules for introductions were a major if not the most prominent topic, whereas…
Discussing Civilisation and Informalisation
Norbert Elias’s theory of civilising processes has been received only marginally in the USA, one of the obstacles being the absence of figurational or process studies of American society. In the first decade of this century this situation was changed by the publication of Stephen Mennell’s The American Civilizing Process (2007) and Cas Wouters’ Sex and Manners (2004) and Informalization (2007). By 2012, Randall Collins had reviewed the first and …
Formalization and Informalization
1. Informalization Revisited In the sixties and seventies, there was increasing permissiveness, together with growing leniency in codes of social conduct in western societies. Many modes of conduct that had formerly been forbidden were now allowed, particularly in matters of sexuality, and conduct and emotions became less formally regulated in such spheres of behaviour as the written and spoken language, clothing, music, dancing and hair styles. …
Power Changes and Self-Respect
This article is based on two studies of outsiders in an emancipation process. 1)The first one deals with homosexuals (van Stolk and de Regt, 1979), and the second with women (van Stolk and Wouters, 1983); both studies were carried out in a social service organization.Most of the homosexuals sought counselling because of difficulties in accepting themselves; they suffered from a lack of self-respect.The women, predominantly working-class, had been…
Developments in the Behavioural Codes between the Sexes
This article is about changes in dominant modes of social conduct, particularly involving relationships between the sexes. Changes in behavioural codes and ideals were noted in the course of a comparative analysis of etiquette books published in the Netherlands from 1930 to 1985. There was a gap of approximately thirteen years (1966-79) during which, with one exception, no books on this subject were published. There was, however, an upsurge of bo…
Response to Hochschild's Reply
The Sociology of Emotions and Flight Attendants
In recent years growing attention and appreciation has been paid to the sociology of emotions and emotion management.Following reprints of Erving Goffman's works
Social Stratification and Informalization in Global Perspective
In the industrialized West, processes of differentiation and integration contain a long-term trend towards decreasing differences in power, status and wealth between the social classes, sexes and generations. Toward the end of the last century, this trend became dominant. Succeeding waves of democratization and the redistribution of economic surpluses according to welfare state principles, resulted in the depletion or disappearance of the groups …
On Status Competition and Emotion Management
During the Gulf War fighter pilots, interviewed for TV in their planes before taking off, admitted to being afraid.They did this in a matter of fact way.This would have been almost unthinkable in World War II, when such behaviour would have been equated almost automatically with being fear-ridden, a condition in which it was thought to be impossible to perform well.The dominant response at that time, in answer to the problem of how to prevent sol…
From Philosophy to Sociology
Tracing Elias's intellectual debts is an interesting task, but not an easy one. Elias did not assign much priority to carefully delineating them and situating himself in relation to other writers and schools, in anything like the detail that, say, Parsons, Habermas, Bourdieu or Giddens have done. As Johan Goudsblom (1977:79) said, Elias managed to integrate through empirical research many seemingly incompatible perspectives into a 'workable synth…
How Strange to Ourselves are Our Feelings of Superiority and Inferiority
Balancing Sex and Love since the 1960s Sexual Revolution
The longing for an enduring intimate relationship and the longing for sex are connected, but not unproblematically. Throughout this century, a 'sexualization of love' and an 'eroticization of sex' have continued, but only since the Sexual Revolution the traditional lustbalance of a lust dominated sexuality for men and a complementary (romantic) love- or relationship-dominated sexuality for women has come under attack. The article describes and in…
Untersuchung der Veränderungen im Verhältnis zwischen den Geschlechtern. Staat und Sexualmoral; ministerielle Stellungnahmen und Untersuchungsberichte
Der Fortschritt der Frauenemanzipation in diesem Jahrhundert ist unverkennbar. In wechselndem Tempo, rasch in Phasen von Emanzipation und Widerstand und langsamer in Phasen der Anpassung und der Ergebenheit, hat sich eine Entwicklung von der Obhut des Mannes zur Selbstbehauptung vollzogen. Im vorigen Kapitel ist schon ein Teil dieser Entwicklung behandelt worden. In diesem Kapitel nun ist ein Aspekt davon zentral, die Eindämmung von sexueller Gew…
Formalisierung und Informalisierung Zwei Phasen von Zivilisationsprozessen
Nachdem in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren die Verhaltenscodes lockerer und variationsreicher geworden waren, während die Anforderungen an die emotionale Regulierung der Menschen angestiegen waren, schien in den 1980er Jahren der Informalisierungsprozeß an ein Ende gekommen zu sein (Wouters 1985; 1986a). Schon zu Ende der 1970er Jahre ging der Elan von manchen Emanzipationsbewegungen zurück, ebenso die Kraft des Widerstandes gegen traditionelle Umga…
Einleitung
Zu anderen Zeiten, in anderen Ländern verhalten sich die Menschen anders, auch ihr Gefühlsleben ist verschieden. Im reichen Westen lassen sich im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts mehrere Wellen feststellen, während derer die sozial akzeptierten Möglichkeiten für Gefühl und Verhalten rasch zugenommen haben. Insgesamt hat sich so fortschreitend eine Nuancierung und Flexibilisierung der Umgangsformen und Gefühlsregeln vollzogen. Diese Veränderungen sind i…
Wie fremd sind uns unsere Überlegenheitsgefühle?
Über eine islamische Grundschule in Amsterdam wird 1998 berichtet, daß die Lehrer ihre Schüler nie allein in der Klasse lassen können. Die Kinder dürfen keine kurzen Ärmel, kurze Röcke oder Hosen tragen und auch keine eng anliegende Kleidung. Nach Mitteilung eines Lehrers an dieser Schule gibt es offiziell keine körperlichen Strafen, aber er fragt sich, ob das zusammenpaßt mit „eine Stunde lang auf einem Bein in der Ecke stehen”. Zufolge einem an…
Informalisierung im Umgang zwischen den sozialen Klassen und Informalisierung bei der Trauer
1979 hielt Abram de Swaan seine Antrittsvorlesung als Hochschullehrer für Soziologie in Amsterdam. Der Untertitel seiner Vorlesung enthielt die bekannt gewordene Formel „Vom Befehlsprinzip zum Verhandlungsprinzip”. In diesem Vortrag bekräftigte er die Informalisierungsthese und arbeitete die Auffassung aus, daß die veränderten Umgangsformen durchaus höhere Anforderungen an die Selbstkontrolle stellen. De Swaan wies auf, daß die Kontrolle gewalttä…
Überblick über die Zivilisationstheorie von Norbert Elias
Die Zivilisationstheorie ist in den 1930er Jahren von Norbert Elias formuliert worden, einem jüdischen Deutschen im Exil, der vor den Gefahren im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland geflüchtet war. Vor seiner Flucht aus Deutschland hatte Elias Philosophie studiert und sich danach in Heidelberg und Frankfurt am Main immer weiter zur Soziologie hin entwickelt. Aus dieser Zeit rühren die Einflüsse von Soziologen wie Max Weber, Alfred Weber und Mannh…
In Richtung auf eine Soziologie der Emotionsregulierung
In den 1980er und 1990er Jahren hat bei Soziologen, Psychologen und Historikern die Aufmerksamkeit für Gefühle und ihre Regulierung sehr zugenommen. Ein Strom von Büchern und Artikeln über diesen Gegenstand erschien auf dem Buchmarkt. In der American Sociological Association und in der British Sociological Association wurden besondere Arbeitsgruppen unter dem Titel „Soziologie der Gefühle” eingerichtet, und einer der Köpfe in der soziologischen T…
Informalisierung und die Richtung des westlichen Zivilisationsprozesses
In der Zeit, in der sich die Zivilisationstheorie in weitere Kreise verbreitete, wurde auch zum ersten Mal die Frage nach der Richtung von Zivilisationsprozessen wieder aktuell: in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren. Damals ging diese Frage vor allem aus der Sorge über den Ausbruch der „expressiven Revolution” (ein Begriff von Talcott Parsons) und die in ihr entstandenen „lockeren Sitten” hervor.
Die Informalisierungsthese
Nachdem nun die Kriterien zur Bestimmung der Richtung von Zivilisationsprozessen deutlich sein dürften, kann eine erste Aufklärung zum Stellenwert und zur Bedeutung der Informalisierung in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren im Ganzen der Zivilisationsprozesse gegeben werden. Diese Erkundung, hier dargestellt entlang der Hauptlinien meines Aufsatzes von 1976 Is het civilisatieproces van richting veranderd?, richtet sich vor allem auf die Frage, inwiefer…
Informalisierung und soziale Stratifikation in weltweiter Perspektive
Der langfristige Trend in Richtung abnehmenden Gefälles nach Macht, Reichtum und Status zwischen den sozialen Klassen, den Geschlechtern und den Generationen fällt vor allem im industrialisierten Westen auf. Hier ist dieser Trend am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts dominant geworden. In jeder der folgenden Wellen von Demokratisierung und mittels einer Umverteilung des Wohlstandes entsprechend den Prinzipien des Wohlfahrtsstaates wurden die Gruppen an de…
Informalisierung
What is Love
The Quest for New Rituals in Dying and Mourning
Rituals in dying and mourning have a social and a psychic aspect: they have the twin function of diminishing the danger of succumbing to intense emotions (fear, despair, powerlessness and grief) by evoking a feeling of solidarity, and of enhancing the sense of being connected to a larger community, on which basis these emotions are acknowledged as well as dimmed and kept under control. As the changes in mourning ritual of the last half of the 20t…
La civilisation des mœurs et des émotions
Dans Über den Prozess der Zivilisation (1939), publié en France en deux volumes, sous les titres La civilisation des mœurs (1973) et La dynamique de l’Occident (1975), Norbert Elias étudie les transformations des régimes de mœurs et d’émotions en Europe de l’Ouest entre les XVe et XIXe siècles. Dans ce chapitre, je présenterai une esquisse de ces transformations et la prolongerai jusqu’à la fin du XXe siècle. Le résumé qui suit est redevable à l’…
Norbert Élias et la théorie de la civilisation
Titre d'un ouvrage fondateur de N. Élias, la notion de « Procès de Civilisation » est entrée dans la boîte à outils des sciences sociales. Paradoxalement c'est au moment où cette notion, ainsi que les concepts et la lecture du social qui l'accompagnent, connaissent une indéniable consécration que les objections critiques se multiplient.
Sociology (28 obras) · Political science (24 obras) · Philosophy (23 obras) · Sociology and Norbert Elias (21 obras) · Psychology (20 obras) · Humanities (16 obras) · Law (13 obras) · Gender Studies (11 obras) · Social Psychology (11 obras) · Sociology and Education Studies (10 obras)