Chris Frith
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 144889 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Chris Frith |
| PRENOMES | Chris |
| SOBRENOME | Frith |
| ASSINATURA | FRITH C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8665-0690 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 17 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 4 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1967 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Sharing the World—A Social Aspect of Consciousness
Moving through our environment generates multiple changes in my sensations. But I do not experience the environment as changing. My conscious perceptual experience is of a stable environment through which I move. This perception is created by intricate neural computations that automatically take account of my movements. The stable environment that I experience is independent of my actions. As a result, I experience it as objective: a set of facts…
Communicated priors tune the perception of control
Action allows us to shape the world around us. But to act effectively we need to accurately sense what we can and cannot control. Classic theories across cognitive science suppose that this 'sense of agency' is constructed from the sensorimotor signals we experience as we interact with our surroundings. But these sensorimotor signals are inherently ambiguous, and can provide us with a distorted picture of what we can and cannot influence. Here we…
What Makes Us Social
A deep dive into the social mind-brain, examining the processes we share with other social animals and illuminating those that are uniquely human. What Makes Us Social? is a scholarly but accessible exploration of the underlying processes that make humans the most social species on the planet. Chris and Uta Frith, pioneers in the field of cognitive neuroscience, review the many forms of social behavior that we humans share with other animals and …
What Makes Us Social
Opportunities and challenges for a maturing science of consciousness
The Predictive Coding Account of Psychosis
Fueled by developments in computational neuroscience, there has been increasing interest in the underlying neurocomputational mechanisms of psychosis. One successful approach involves predictive coding and Bayesian inference. Here, inferences regarding the current state of the world are made by combining prior beliefs with incoming sensory signals. Mismatches between prior beliefs and incoming signals constitute prediction errors that drive new l…
Alignment in social interactions
Discovering the Social Mind
The cultural evolution of mind reading
Learning to read minds starts early No parent needs reminding that children are born with a surprising set of abilities. But children still need many hours of guidance and instruction. Heyes and Frith review one particular social cognitive skill: reading the minds of others (or at least working out what other people are thinking and feeling). An unrefined capacity for “mind reading” is present in infants, but teaching is necessary to develop the …
Does interaction matter? Testing whether a confidence heuristic can replace interaction in collective decision-making
In a range of contexts, individuals arrive at collective decisions by sharing confidence in their judgements. This tendency to evaluate the reliability of information by the confidence with which it is expressed has been termed the 'confidence heuristic'. We tested two ways of implementing the confidence heuristic in the context of a collective perceptual decision-making task: either directly, by opting for the judgement made with higher confiden…
Social cognition in the we-mode
The Computational Anatomy of Psychosis
This paper considers psychotic symptoms in terms of false inferences or beliefs. It is based on the notion that the brain is an inference machine that actively constructs hypotheses to explain or predict its sensations. This perspective provides a normative (Bayes-optimal) account of action and perception that emphasizes probabilistic representations; in particular, the confidence or precision of beliefs about the world. We will consider hallucin…
The thing that should not be
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) repetition suppression, we explored the selectivity of the human action perception system (APS), which consists of temporal, parietal and frontal areas, for the appearance and/or motion of the perceived agent. Participants watched body movements of a human (biological appearance and movement), a robot (mechanical appearance and movement) or an android (biological appearance, mechanical movement).…
The role of metacognition in human social interactions
Metacognition concerns the processes by which we monitor and control our own cognitive processes. It can also be applied to others, in which case it is known as mentalizing. Both kinds of metacognition have implicit and explicit forms, where implicit means automatic and without awareness. Implicit metacognition enables us to adopt a we-mode, through which we automatically take account of the knowledge and intentions of others. Adoption of this mo…
Coming to Terms
Sharing a public language facilitates particularly efficient forms of joint perception and action by giving interlocutors refined tools for directing attention and aligning conceptual models and action. We hypothesized that interlocutors who flexibly align their linguistic practices and converge on a shared language will improve their cooperative performance on joint tasks. To test this prediction, we employed a novel experimental design, in whic…
Mechanisms of Social Cognition
Social animals including humans share a range of social mechanisms that are automatic and implicit and enable learning by observation. Learning from others includes imitation of actions and mirroring of emotions. Learning about others, such as their group membership and reputation, is crucial for social interactions that depend on trust. For accurate prediction of others' changeable dispositions, mentalizing is required, i.e., tracking of intenti…
Explaining delusions of control
Neuroanthropology or simply anthropology? Going experimental as method, as object of study, and as research aesthetic
Neuroanthropology is a new kid on the academic block. It seems to offer a methodological and conceptual synthesis, which bridges current fault lines within anthropology, both as discipline and as departments. We are not convinced that it will deliver on these grounds. However, it has the potential to open up novel ways to do and think 'experimental anthropology', as a method, as an object of study and as a research aesthetic. This approach, we ar…
Les neurosciences cognitives sociales
Pr Chris Frith © P. Imbert, Collège de France Les mécanismes de la théorie de l’esprit. La théorie de l’esprit ou de la mentalisation désigne la capacité à faire des inférences au sujet des états mentaux d’autrui : leurs intentions, leurs désirs et leurs croyances. De nombreuses études utilisent l’imagerie cérébrale pour explorer les bases neuronales de ces capacités et leurs résultats sont très cohérents. On observe une activité dans le cortex p…
Optimally Interacting Minds
Two Heads Are Better Than One When two people peer into the distance and try to figure out if a faint number is a three or an eight, classical signal detection theory states that the joint decision can only be as good as that of the person with higher visual acuity. Bahrami et al. (p. 1081 ; see the Perspective by Ernst ) propose that a discussion not only of what each person perceives but also of the degree of confidence in those assignments can…
Concluding discussion
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What is consciousness for
In the first talk I discuss recent experiments designed to elucidate the neural correlates of consciousness. Implicit in this discussion are operational definitions of what I mean by consciousness. In the second talk I explore the extent to which we are conscious of being in control of our actions, our sense of agency. I raise the question of why we need to be aware of actions at all since we can achieve so much without such awareness. In the fin…
Perceiving is believing
The sapient mind
Introduction - The sapient mind: archaeology meets neuroscience 1. Neural correlates of Early Stone Age tookmaking: technology, language and cognition in human evolution 2. Tool use, communicative gesture and cerebral asymmetries in the modern human brain 3. Biology is only part of the story ... 4. Big brains, small worlds: material culture and the evolution of the mind 5. Wild agency: nested intentionalities in cognitive neuroscience and archaeo…
Neural correlates of Early Stone Age toolmaking
Archaeological and palaeontological evidence from the Early Stone Age (ESA) documents parallel trends of brain expansion and technological elaboration in human evolution over a period of more than 2 Myr. However, the relationship between these defining trends remains controversial and poorly understood. Here, we present results from a positron emission tomography study of functional brain activation during experimental ESA (Oldowan and Acheulean)…
Neuroanthropology or simply anthropology? Going experimental as method, as object of study, and as research aesthetic
Neuroanthropology is a new kid on the academic block. It seems to offer a methodological and conceptual synthesis, which bridges current fault lines within anthropology, both as discipline and as departments. We are not convinced that it will deliver on these grounds. However, it has the potential to open up novel ways to do and think 'experimental anthropology', as a method, as an object of study and as a research aesthetic. This approach, we ar…
Opportunities and challenges for a maturing science of consciousness
Cognitive and Physiological Processes Underlying Drawing Skills
The authors discuss some of the cognitive processes that underlie drawing skills. Experimental evidence from recent brain imaging studies reveals the physiological systems that underlie these cognitive processes. These studies show that information from the visual scene is fragmented into many largely independent components. Many of these components remain outside conscious awareness, while still having a vital role in the control of movement. By…
The Interaction of Noise and Personality With Critical Flicker Fusion Performance
A theory of the interaction of arousal, performance and personality is outlined. On the basis of this theory it is predicted that an increase in noise will improve the performance of extraverts in a c.f.f. task more than that of introverts. An experiment confirming this prediction is described
Strategies in Rotary Pursuit Tracking
Ten measures were derived describing different aspects of the pursuit rotor performance of 30 subjects. These included variables indicating the shapes of the distribution of hit and miss lengths and also variables indicating the amount of rhythmicity present in performance. The relationship between the various measures suggested that performance could be described in terms of two factors. The first represented the level of attainment (total time …
Male–female Differences in Responses to Erotica
Selective retrieval and free emission of category exemplars in schizophrenia
In a free emission task, normals, chronic schizophrenics with only positive and those with only negative symptoms generated as many exemplars from natural language categories as they could in three minutes. While the overall output level of both schizophrenic groups was lower than that of the normals, neither showed intrusions of unrelated words, and the temporal distribution of the output was marked by a clustering pattern inconsistent with a se…
A comparison of some retrograde and anterograde effects of electroconvulsive shock in patients with severe depression
Seventy severely depressed patients were randomly assigned to receive either a standard course of bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or a course of simulated ECT (muscle relaxant and anaesthesia) identical to the real course except that the shock was omitted. Anterograde amnesia due to the shock was demonstrated in recognition memory for word lists and in recall of labels for faces, but this was eliminated by priming. Retrograde amnesia wa…
Conscious and Unconscious Rule-Induction
Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging
Statistical parametric maps are spatially extended statistical processes that are used to test hypotheses about regionally specific effects in neuroimaging data. The most established sorts of statistical parametric maps (e.g., Friston et al. [1991]: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11:690–699; Worsley et al. [1992]: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12:900–918) are based on linear models, for example ANCOVA, correlation coefficients and t tests. In the sense that…
Voices from nowhere
Cognitive and Physiological Processes Underlying Drawing Skills
The authors discuss some of the cognitive processes that underlie drawing skills. Experimental evidence from recent brain imaging studies reveals the physiological systems that underlie these cognitive processes. These studies show that information from the visual scene is fragmented into many largely independent components. Many of these components remain outside conscious awareness, while still having a vital role in the control of movement. By…
Central cancellation of self-produced tickle sensation
Interacting Minds--A Biological Basis
The ability to “mentalize,” that is to understand and manipulate other people's behavior in terms of their mental states, is a major ingredient in successful social interactions. A rudimentary form of this ability may be seen in great apes, but in humans it is developed to a high level. Specific impairments of mentalizing in both developmental and acquired disorders suggest that this ability depends on a dedicated and circumscribed brain system. …
Spatio-Temporal Prediction Modulates the Perception of Self-Produced Stimuli
We investigated why self-produced tactile stimulation is perceived as less intense than the same stimulus produced externally. A tactile stimulus on the palm of the right hand was either externally produced, by a robot or self-produced by the subject. In the conditions in which the tactile stimulus was self-produced, subjects moved the arm of a robot with their left hand to produce the tactile stimulus on their right hand via a second robot. Subj…
Explaining the symptoms of schizophrenia
Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers
Structural MRIs of the brains of humans with extensive navigation experience, licensed London taxi drivers, were analyzed and compared with those of control subjects who did not drive taxis. The posterior hippocampi of taxi drivers were significantly larger relative to those of control subjects. A more anterior hippocampal region was larger in control subjects than in taxi drivers. Hippocampal volume correlated with the amount of time spent as a …
Movement and Mind
Why canʼt you tickle yourself?
It is well known that you cannot tickle yourself. Here, we discuss the proposal that such attenuation of self-produced tactile stimulation is due to the sensory predictions made by an internal forward model of the motor system. A forward model predicts the sensory consequences of a movement based on the motor command. When a movement is self-produced, its sensory consequences can be accurately predicted, and this prediction can be used to attenua…
Abnormalities in the awareness and control of action
Much of the functioning of the motor system occurs without awareness. Nevertheless, we are aware of some aspects of the current state of the system and we can prepare and make movements in the imagination. These mental representations of the actual and possible states of the system are based on two sources: sensory signals from skin and muscles, and the stream of motor commands that have been issued to the system. Damage to the neural substrates …
Dyslexia
The recognition of dyslexia as a neurodevelopmental disorder has been hampered by the belief that it is not a specific diagnostic entity because it has variable and culture-specific manifestations. In line with this belief, we found that Italian dyslexics, using a shallow orthography which facilitates reading, performed better on reading tasks than did English and French dyslexics. However, all dyslexics were equally impaired relative to their co…
Abnormalities in the awareness of action
Experiencing Oneself vs Another Person as Being the Cause of an Action
Attention to action and awareness of other minds
Functional imaging of ‘theory of mind’
Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing
The mentalizing (theory of mind) system of the brain is probably in operation from ca . 18 months of age, allowing implicit attribution of intentions and other mental states. Between the ages of 4 and 6 years explicit mentalizing becomes possible, and from this age children are able to explain the misleading reasons that have given rise to a false belief. Neuroimaging studies of mentalizing have so far only been carried out in adults. They reveal…
Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain
Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy. Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one—present in the same room—was receiving a similar pain stimulus. Bilateral anterior insula (AI), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brainstem, and cerebellum were activa…
The self in action
Psychology (54 obras) · Cognitive psychology (42 obras) · Neuroscience (33 obras) · Cognition (28 obras) · Cognitive science (22 obras) · Action Observation and Synchronization (21 obras) · Computer Science (21 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (12 obras) · Perception (11 obras)