Roman Pabayo
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 148640 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Roman Pabayo |
| PRENOMES | Roman |
| SOBRENOME | Pabayo |
| ASSINATURA | PABAYO R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Alberta |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4018-4898 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 77 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2011 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Untangling the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Poly-Substance Use Among Adolescents in Canada
Growing evidence suggests that income inequality is associated with adolescent substance use behaviors, prompting the presumption that it may also be associated with poly-substance use. This study examined the association between income inequality and poly-substance use and tested whether anxiety indirectly affects this relationship. We used cross-sectional survey data from the 2018–2019 Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcoho…
Employment quality and mortality in Canada
BACKGROUND: Research has shown that workers in non-standard (eg, temporary and part-time) employment experience poorer health outcomes than their permanent, full-time counterparts. However, previous studies have overlooked important differences in the quality of non-standard employment. To address this gap, we examined associations between a diverse typology of employment quality and mortality in Canada. METHODS: The 2006 Canadian Health and Envi…
Investigating public health unit engagement in secondary schools and student substance use over time
Development and validation of an instrument to evaluate school-health implementation
This study adds to the existing knowledge base for CSH implementation, through the development of a user-friendly evaluative tool for ongoing data collection related to healthy school community process indicators, with encouraging pilot results. This has important practical application and can benefit the broad adoption, scaling, and long-term evaluation of interventions taking a CSH approach
Public health unit funding per capita and seasonal influenza vaccination among youth and adults in Ontario, Canada in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019
BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccines are crucial in reducing the risk of influenza symptoms. We aimed to: (1) estimate the association between public health unit (PHU) funding per capita and influenza vaccination among individuals aged 12 and older in Ontario in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 and (2) determine whether any observed associations were heterogeneous across household income groups, gender and age categories. METHODS: Cross-sectional studies were c…
Income inequality and adherence to 24-hour movement guideline recommendations among adolescents
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of literature regarding income inequality and adolescent movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviours, sleep). This study examined whether income inequality was associated with meeting Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HMG) recommendations among adolescents over time. METHODS: Longitudinal data from adolescents (n=9299) in the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Sedentary behav…
The association between public health unit funding and vegetable and fruit intake in Ontario
Income inequality modified adolescent substance use trajectories from 2018-19 to 2020-21
Income inequality may have modified adolescent substance use trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic, with both increased and decreased likelihoods observed. More research investigating potential mechanisms is needed
Association Between Area‐Level Income Inequality and Health‐Related School Absenteeism
BACKGROUND: Income inequality is theorized to impact health. However, evidence among adolescents is limited. This study examined the association between income inequality and health-related school absenteeism (HRSA) in adolescents. METHODS: Participants were adolescents (n = 74,501) attending secondary schools (n = 136) that participated in the 2018-2019 wave of the COMPASS study. Chronic (missing ≥3 days of school in the previous 4 weeks) and pr…
Income inequality and comorbid overweight/obesity and depression among a large sample of Canadian secondary school students
Policies aimed at reducing income inequality, and interventions to improve social cohesion, may contribute to reducing the risk of OWO-depression comorbidity among adolescents
An evolution of socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Korea
Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in health has become an important health policy agenda. This study aimed to measure socioeconomic inequalities in health in Korea over the past two decades and identify the contributing factors to the observed inequalities. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 1998 to 2016/2018 were utilized. The concentration index (CI) was calculated to measure health inequalitie…
Income inequality and ‘hospitalisations of despair’ in Canada
BACKGROUND: Rates of drug overdoses, alcohol-related liver disease and suicide attempts represent a major public health burden in Canada. While the existing literature does highlight some evidence of association between income inequality and mental health and deaths of despair, no existing research has investigated more intermediate events. As such, the objective of the current study is to investigate the association between income inequality and…
Variability in public health programming and priorities to address health inequities across public health units in Ontario, Canada
Income inequality and deaths of despair risk in Canada, identifying possible mechanisms
Voting Restrictions and Increased Odds of Adverse Birth Outcomes in the US
Background Disparities persist in adverse birth outcomes - preterm birth and small-for-gestational age (SGA) among racialized populations. Previous studies have indicated that voting restrictions are associated with health outcomes, such as access to health insurance and teenage birth rates. This paper examines whether the association between voting restrictions and adverse birth outcomes varies according to birthing individuals' race/ethnicity. …
Exploring the longitudinal associations between census division income inequality and BMI trajectories among Canadian adolescent
Attending schools in CDs with higher income inequality was associated with higher BMI scores among male but not female adolescents. Further work is needed to investigate this discrepancy and identify the structural mechanisms that mediate the relationship between inequality and adolescent health
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on inequalities in lifestyle behaviours and mental health and wellbeing of elementary school children in northern Canada
The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated inequalities in lifestyle behaviours among children living in rural and remote northern communities. If not addressed, these differences may translate into exacerbated inequalities in future health. The findings further suggest that school health programs can help mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic on lifestyle behaviours and mental health and wellbeing
The association between reproductive rights and access to abortion services and mental health among US women
We found the association between state-level restrictions on reproductive rights and abortion access and frequent mental health distress differed by age and socioeconomic status. These results suggest abortion rights restrictions may contribute to mental health inequities among women
An action-oriented public health framework to reduce financial strain and promote financial wellbeing in high-income countries
The Framework reveals the intersectionality of root causes and consequences of financial strain and poor financial wellbeing, while also reinforcing the need for tailored actions to promote socioeconomic and health equity for all people. The dynamic, systemic interplay of the entry points illustrated in the Framework suggest opportunities for multi-sectoral, collaborative action across government and organizations towards systems change and the p…
Income inequality and daily use of cannabis, cigarettes, and e-cigarettes among Canadian secondary school students
An association between income inequality and the likelihood of reporting daily cannabis use across all students and daily e-cigarette use in females were observed. Schools in higher income inequality areas may benefit from targeted prevention and harm reduction programs. Results emphasize the need for upstream discussion on policies that can mitigate the potential effects income inequality
Investigating the association between income inequality in youth and deaths of despair in Canada
BACKGROUND: Deaths due to suicide, drug overdose and alcohol-related liver disease, collectively known as 'deaths of despair', have been markedly increasing since the early 2000s and are especially prominent in young Canadians. Income inequality has been linked to this rise in deaths of despair; however, this association has not yet been examined in a Canadian context, nor at the individual level or in youth. The study objective was to examine th…
The association between income inequality and adolescent body mass index
Income Inequality and Bullying Victimization and Perpetration
Previous research indicates that the disproportionate distribution of income within society is associated with aggression and violence. Although research has been conducted identifying the relationship between income inequality and bullying victimization and perpetration, little is known about possible mediators. We investigated the association between income inequality and bullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents participating i…
Modelling Maternal Depression
Depression is a major public health concern among expectant mothers in Canada. Income inequality has been linked to depression, so interventions for reducing income inequality may reduce the prevalence of maternal depression. The current study aims to simulate the effects of government transfers and increases to minimum wage on depression in mothers. We used agent-based modelling techniques to identify the predicted effects of income inequality r…
Developing a Socioeconomic Status Index for Chronic Disease Prevention Research in Canada
Capturing socioeconomic inequalities in relation to chronic disease is challenging since socioeconomic status (SES) encompasses many aspects. We constructed a comprehensive individual-level SES index based on a broad set of social and demographic indicators (gender, education, income adequacy, occupational prestige, employment status) and examined its relationship with smoking, a leading chronic disease risk factor. Analyses were based on baselin…
Do area characteristics predict change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 11 to 15 years
Structural Racism and Odds for Infant Mortality Among Infants Born in the United States 2010
Income inequality among American states and the incidence of major depression
BACKGROUND: Although cross-sectional and ecological studies have shown that higher area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression, few longitudinal studies have been conducted. This investigation examines the relationship between state-level income inequality and major depression among adults participating in a population-based, representative longitudinal study. METHODS: We used data from the National Epidemiologic Surv…
Political party affiliation, political ideology and mortality
BACKGROUND: Ecological and cross-sectional studies have indicated that conservative political ideology is associated with better health. Longitudinal analyses of mortality are needed because subjective assessments of ideology may confound subjective assessments of health, particularly in cross-sectional analyses. METHODS: Data were derived from the 2008 General Social Survey-National Death Index data set. Cox proportional analysis models were use…
Income inequality within urban settings and depressive symptoms among adolescents
BACKGROUND: Although recent evidence has shown that area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression among adults, few studies have tested this association among adolescents. METHODS: We analysed the cross-sectional data from a sample of 1878 adolescents living in 38 neighbourhoods participating in the 2008 Boston Youth Survey. Using multilevel linear regression modelling, we: (1) estimated the association between neighbou…
Investigating the association between income inequality in youth and deaths of despair in Canada
BACKGROUND: Deaths due to suicide, drug overdose and alcohol-related liver disease, collectively known as 'deaths of despair', have been markedly increasing since the early 2000s and are especially prominent in young Canadians. Income inequality has been linked to this rise in deaths of despair; however, this association has not yet been examined in a Canadian context, nor at the individual level or in youth. The study objective was to examine th…
Income inequality and deaths of despair risk in Canada, identifying possible mechanisms
Understanding the determinants of active transportation to school among children
Differential relationship between state-level minimum wage and infant mortality risk among US infants born to white and black mothers
BACKGROUND: Compared to other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations, US infant mortality rates (IMRs) are particularly high. These differences are partially driven by racial disparities, with non-Hispanic black having IMRs that are twice those of non-Hispanic white. Income inequality (the gap between rich and poor) is associated with infant mortality. One proposed way to decrease income inequality (and possibly to …
Income Inequality and Mortality
Objectives. We determined whether community-level income inequality was associated with mortality among a cohort of older adults in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods. We analyzed the Health, Well-Being, and Aging (SABE) survey, a sample of community-dwelling older adults in São Paulo (2000–2007). We used survival analysis to examine the relationship between income inequality and risk for mortality among older individuals living in 49 districts of São Pa…
Income inequality and adherence to 24-hour movement guideline recommendations among adolescents
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of literature regarding income inequality and adolescent movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviours, sleep). This study examined whether income inequality was associated with meeting Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HMG) recommendations among adolescents over time. METHODS: Longitudinal data from adolescents (n=9299) in the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Sedentary behav…
Do social support and community engagement act as mechanisms in the association between neighbourhood income inequality and the mental health of mothers in Calgary, Canada? A mediation analysis
School racial composition and lifetime non-medical use of prescription painkillers
We found evidence of an effect of school racial composition on the risk of misusing prescription painkillers over a decade later, over and above individual race, with higher risk of misuse reported among participants who had attended white schools. Black participants who had attended predominantly white schools were, on average, twice as likely to report lifetime misuse of prescription painkillers compared to blacks who had attended black schools
Witnessing a Violent Death and Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Area-Level Social Fragmentation and Walking for Exercise
Objectives. We determined whether social fragmentation, which is linked to the concept of anomie (or normlessness), was associated with a decreased likelihood of willingness to walk for exercise. Methods. Data were collected from mothers and fathers of 630 families participating in the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth Cohort, an ongoing longitudinal study investigating the natural history of obesity and insulin resistance in ch…
Understanding the determinants of active transportation to school among children
Do area characteristics predict change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 11 to 15 years
Sociodemographic, behavioural and environmental correlates of sweetened beverage consumption among pre-school children
Objective To identify sociodemographic and environmental correlates of sweetened beverages (regular soft drinks, fruit juice) among children of pre-school age. Design Children's dietary intake, food behaviours and screen time were measured by parental report. A Geographic Informational System was used to assess the number of grocery stores and fast-food restaurants available within 1 km of the children's residence. Multivariate log-binomial regre…
Area-Level Social Fragmentation and Walking for Exercise
Objectives. We determined whether social fragmentation, which is linked to the concept of anomie (or normlessness), was associated with a decreased likelihood of willingness to walk for exercise. Methods. Data were collected from mothers and fathers of 630 families participating in the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth Cohort, an ongoing longitudinal study investigating the natural history of obesity and insulin resistance in ch…
Witnessing a Violent Death and Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Income Inequality and Mortality
Objectives. We determined whether community-level income inequality was associated with mortality among a cohort of older adults in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods. We analyzed the Health, Well-Being, and Aging (SABE) survey, a sample of community-dwelling older adults in São Paulo (2000–2007). We used survival analysis to examine the relationship between income inequality and risk for mortality among older individuals living in 49 districts of São Pa…
Income inequality among American states and the incidence of major depression
BACKGROUND: Although cross-sectional and ecological studies have shown that higher area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression, few longitudinal studies have been conducted. This investigation examines the relationship between state-level income inequality and major depression among adults participating in a population-based, representative longitudinal study. METHODS: We used data from the National Epidemiologic Surv…
The Relationship Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics and Physical Inactivity Among Adolescents Living in Boston, Massachusetts
Objectives. We sought to determine whether the socioeconomic environment was associated with no participation in physical activity among adolescents in Boston, Massachusetts. Methods. We used cross-sectional data from 1878 urban adolescents living in 38 neighborhoods who participated in the 2008 Boston Youth Survey, a biennial survey of high school students (aged 14–19 years). We used multilevel multiple regression models to determine the associa…
Political party affiliation, political ideology and mortality
BACKGROUND: Ecological and cross-sectional studies have indicated that conservative political ideology is associated with better health. Longitudinal analyses of mortality are needed because subjective assessments of ideology may confound subjective assessments of health, particularly in cross-sectional analyses. METHODS: Data were derived from the 2008 General Social Survey-National Death Index data set. Cox proportional analysis models were use…
Sweetened beverage consumption is a risk factor for depressive symptoms among adolescents living in Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Objective To investigate the relationship between sweetened beverage consumption and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Design In a cross-sectional study, adolescents were asked how often they drank soda and fruit drinks in the past 7 d. Depressive symptoms were measured using a brief adapted version of the Modified Depression Scale. Summation scores were standardized using the Z -transformation. We used multilevel multiple linear regression …
Income inequality within urban settings and depressive symptoms among adolescents
BACKGROUND: Although recent evidence has shown that area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression among adults, few studies have tested this association among adolescents. METHODS: We analysed the cross-sectional data from a sample of 1878 adolescents living in 38 neighbourhoods participating in the 2008 Boston Youth Survey. Using multilevel linear regression modelling, we: (1) estimated the association between neighbou…
School racial composition and lifetime non-medical use of prescription painkillers
We found evidence of an effect of school racial composition on the risk of misusing prescription painkillers over a decade later, over and above individual race, with higher risk of misuse reported among participants who had attended white schools. Black participants who had attended predominantly white schools were, on average, twice as likely to report lifetime misuse of prescription painkillers compared to blacks who had attended black schools
State-level income inequality and mortality among infants born in the United States 2007–2010
Infants born in states with greater changes in income inequality between 1990 and 2007 to 2010 experienced a greater likelihood of infant and neonatal mortality
Structural Racism and Odds for Infant Mortality Among Infants Born in the United States 2010
Relation between neighborhood socio-economic characteristics and social cohesion, social control, and collective efficacy
Little is known about the determinants of collective efficacy, a neighborhood social process comprised of social cohesion and social control, which has shown to be beneficially associated with health. Our goal was to identify determinants of collective efficacy, social cohesion and social control. We used data collected from the Boston Neighborhood Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 38 Boston neighborhoods in 2010 (n = 1710). We used m…
Laws Restricting Access to Abortion Services and Infant Mortality Risk in the United States
Restricting access to abortion services may increase the risk for infant mortality
Differential relationship between state-level minimum wage and infant mortality risk among US infants born to white and black mothers
BACKGROUND: Compared to other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations, US infant mortality rates (IMRs) are particularly high. These differences are partially driven by racial disparities, with non-Hispanic black having IMRs that are twice those of non-Hispanic white. Income inequality (the gap between rich and poor) is associated with infant mortality. One proposed way to decrease income inequality (and possibly to …
Income inequality and depression among Canadian secondary students
Findings from this study indicate that income inequality is associated with adolescent depression and that this relationship is mediated by psychosocial well-being. This study is the first of its kind in Canada to assess the mechanisms by which income inequality contributes to adolescent depression. These findings are applicable to school-level programs addressing mental health
Race, Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, and Lifetime Non-Medical Use of Prescription Painkillers
The misuse of prescription painkillers is a major contributor to the ongoing drug overdose epidemic. This study investigated variability in non-medical use of prescription painkillers (NMUPP) by race and early-life socioeconomic status (SES) in a sample now at increased risk for opioid overdose. Data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( n = 11,602) were used to calculate prevalence of reported NMUPP by…
Neighborhood Income Inequality and Alcohol Use among Adolescents in Boston, Massachusetts
Findings indicate that the distribution of incomes within urban areas may be related to alcohol consumption among adolescents. To prevent alcohol consumption, public health practitioners should prioritize prevention efforts for adolescents living in neighborhoods with large gaps between rich and poor
From Restrictions to Outright Challenges
AffiliationsSze Yan Liu is with the Department of Public Health, Montclair State University College of Education and Human Services, Montclair, NJ. Amy Ehntholt was with the School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno when work was completed. Daniel M. Cook is with the School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno. Roman Pabayo is with the University of Alberta School of Public Health, Edmonton
Income Inequality and Bullying Victimization and Perpetration
Previous research indicates that the disproportionate distribution of income within society is associated with aggression and violence. Although research has been conducted identifying the relationship between income inequality and bullying victimization and perpetration, little is known about possible mediators. We investigated the association between income inequality and bullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents participating i…
Modelling Maternal Depression
Depression is a major public health concern among expectant mothers in Canada. Income inequality has been linked to depression, so interventions for reducing income inequality may reduce the prevalence of maternal depression. The current study aims to simulate the effects of government transfers and increases to minimum wage on depression in mothers. We used agent-based modelling techniques to identify the predicted effects of income inequality r…
Developing a Socioeconomic Status Index for Chronic Disease Prevention Research in Canada
Capturing socioeconomic inequalities in relation to chronic disease is challenging since socioeconomic status (SES) encompasses many aspects. We constructed a comprehensive individual-level SES index based on a broad set of social and demographic indicators (gender, education, income adequacy, occupational prestige, employment status) and examined its relationship with smoking, a leading chronic disease risk factor. Analyses were based on baselin…
Sleepless in inequality
Future work should be conducted to determine whether decreasing the wide gap between incomes can alleviate the burden of income inequality on inadequate sleep in the United States
Medicine (41 obras) · Demography (32 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (26 obras) · Environmental health (24 obras) · Psychology (24 obras) · Inequality (23 obras) · Demography (21 obras) · Economic inequality (20 obras) · Population (19 obras) · Sociology (19 obras)