Philip J Leaf
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 155682 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Philip J Leaf |
| PRENOMES | Philip J |
| SOBRENOME | Leaf |
| ASSINATURA | LEAF P J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Johns Hopkins University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 203 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1985 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Second Victims
Using Zoning as a Public Health Tool to Reduce Alcohol Outlet Oversaturation, Promote Compliance, and Guide Future Enforcement
Black, white, or green? The effects of racial composition and socioeconomic status on neighborhood-level tobacco outlet density
Objective: To compare predominantly-Black and predominantly-White Maryland areas with similar socioeconomic status to examine the role of both race and socioeconomic status on tobacco outlet availability and tobacco outlet access. Design: Maryland tobacco outlet addresses were geocoded with 2011-2015 American Community Survey sociodemographic data. Two-sample t-tests were conducted comparing the mean values of sociodemographic variables and tobac…
Understanding the relationship between alcohol outlet density and life expectancy in Baltimore City
This research investigated the relationship between alcohol outlet density (AOD) and life expectancy, as mediated by community violence and community disadvantage. We used linear regression models to assess bivariate and multivariate relationships. There was a negative bivariate association between liquor store density and average life expectancy (β = −7.3370, p p = 0.220). Liquor store density is associated with higher levels of community disadv…
Does Tobacco Outlet Inequality Extend to High-White Mid-Atlantic Jurisdictions? A Study of Socioeconomic Status and Density
Changes in Attitudes toward Guns and Shootings following Implementation of the Baltimore Safe Streets Intervention
Observations of Student Behavior in Nonclassroom Settings
Observational methods are increasingly used to assess the impact of school-based interventions. Yet, few studies have used observations in nonclassroom settings, such as hallways or the cafeteria, or explored aspects of the school context that may be related to the observed behavior. The current study used a multilevel approach to examine associations between observed rule violations and contextual predictors, including characteristics of observa…
Alcohol Environment, Perceived Safety, and Exposure to Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs in Early Adolescence
This study examined the association between the count of alcohol outlets around children's homes and opportunities to use alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) during preadolescence. Data were collected in 2007 from 394 Baltimore City children aged 8–13 years (86% African American). Participants’ residential address and alcohol outlet data were geocoded with quarter mile (i.e., walking distance) buffers placed around each participant's home to…
Effects of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports on Child Behavior Problems
OBJECTIVE: School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) is a universal prevention strategy currently implemented in >16,000 schools across the United States. SWPBIS intends to reduce students' behavior problems by altering staff behaviors and developing systems and supports to meet children's behavioral needs. The current study reports intervention effects on child behaviors and adjustment from an effectiveness trial of SWP…
Multiple imputation by chained equations
Multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE) has emerged as a principled method of dealing with missing data. Despite properties that make MICE particularly useful for large imputation procedures and advances in software development that now make it accessible to many researchers, many psychiatric researchers have not been trained in these methods and few practical resources exist to guide researchers in the implementation of this techniqu…
X-rated material and perpetration of sexually aggressive behavior among children and adolescents
Longitudinal linkages between intentional exposure to x-rated material and sexually aggressive behavior were examined among youth 10-15 year olds surveyed nationally in the United States. At Wave 1 in 2006, participants (n = 1,588) were queried about these exposures and outcomes in the preceding 12 months. Wave 2 data (n = 1,206) were collected approximately 12 months after Wave 1 and Wave 3 data (n = 1,159) were collected approximately 24 months…
Neighborhood Environment and Internalizing Problems in African American Children
Examining the Effects of Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports on Student Outcomes
Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) is a universal, schoolwide prevention strategy that is currently implemented in over 9,000 schools across the nation to reduce disruptive behavior problems through the application of behavioral, social learning, and organizational behavioral principles. SWPBIS aims to alter school environments by creating improved systems and procedures that promote positive change in student beha…
Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of a School-Based Mindfulness Intervention for Urban Youth
Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches to Youth Violence Prevention
Although the rates of violence among adults and youth have declined over the past 15 years, youth violence continues to be a significant public health concern. 1 Given the complexities associated with violence, prevention researchers often form collaborations with community partners to address this intractable public health problem. This special issue of Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, & Action is dedicated to the …
Association of home visitors' and mothers' attachment style with family engagement
Family engagement in home visiting (HV) is challenging. This study related attachment security of home visitors ( n =48) and mothers ( n =328) to family engagement in an HV program to prevent child maltreatment. Attachment security was assessed by using the Attachment Style Questionnaire to measure attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Family engagement was defined as receipt of a high dose of visits and home visitor response to intimate p…
Multilevel exploration of factors contributing to the overrepresentation of black students in office disciplinary referrals
Although there is increasing awareness of the overrepresentation of ethic minority students -particularly Black students- in disciplinary actions, the extant research has rarely empirically examined potential factors that may contribute to these disparities. The current study used a multilevel modeling approach to examine factors at the child (e.g., teacher-rated disruptive behavior problems) and classroom or teacher levels (e.g., teacher ethnici…
Altering School Climate through School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation—Checklist
Two studies examined the validity and factor structure of the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation—Checklist, an instrument used to evaluate school-based programs. The checklist is a cost-effective alternative to the original interview format, and the factor structure is consistent across gender, race, age, and time of administration
Home Visitor Relationship Security
Home visiting is widely used to improve outcomes in families at risk for poor parenting. Impact is modest and variable, owing in part to poor fidelity. Attachment theory suggests that home visitors' relationship security influences fidelity because establishing a trusting relationship with parents is central to service delivery. This study describes paraprofessional home visitors' relationship security and relates it to demographics, psychologica…
A multilevel study of predictors of student perceptions of school climate
A positive school climate is an important component of successful and effective schools and thus is often an aim of schoolwide initiatives. Climate has traditionally been conceptualized as a school-level factor and is often assumed to be related to other school-level factors (e.g., school size). The current study examines variation in perceptions of climate based on individual-, classroom-, and school-level factors to determine the influence of p…
Maximizing the Implementation Quality of Evidence-Based Preventive Interventions in Schools
Increased availability of research-supported, school-based prevention programs, coupled with the growing national policy emphasis on use of evidence-based practices, has contributed to a shift in research priorities from efficacy to implementation and dissemination. A critical issue in moving research to practice is ensuring high-quality implementation of both the intervention model and the support system for sustaining it. The paper describes a …
Examining the Overlap in Internet Harassment and School Bullying
Section I
Internationally, youth violence is becoming an increasing concern. This study builds upon two lines of epidemiological research on youth risk behavior. One suggests that children who are not well monitored by parents are at increased risk of engaging in risky behavior. In a second line of research, associations are made between neighborhood features and delinquency. We set out to bridge the gap between these two lines of research as they relate t…
Help-Seeking Behaviors and Depression among African American Adolescent Boys
This study examined the help-seeking behaviors of depressed, African American adolescents. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 urban, African American boys, ages 14 to 18, who were recruited from community-based mental health centers and after-school programs for youths. Interviews covered sociodemographic information, questions regarding depressive symptomotology, and open-ended questions derived from the Network-Episode Model--includi…
Multilevel exploration of factors contributing to the overrepresentation of black students in office disciplinary referrals
Although there is increasing awareness of the overrepresentation of ethic minority students -particularly Black students- in disciplinary actions, the extant research has rarely empirically examined potential factors that may contribute to these disparities. The current study used a multilevel modeling approach to examine factors at the child (e.g., teacher-rated disruptive behavior problems) and classroom or teacher levels (e.g., teacher ethnici…
Help-Seeking Behaviors and Depression among African American Adolescent Boys
This study examined the help-seeking behaviors of depressed, African American adolescents. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 urban, African American boys, ages 14 to 18, who were recruited from community-based mental health centers and after-school programs for youths. Interviews covered sociodemographic information, questions regarding depressive symptomotology, and open-ended questions derived from the Network-Episode Model--includi…
X-rated material and perpetration of sexually aggressive behavior among children and adolescents
Longitudinal linkages between intentional exposure to x-rated material and sexually aggressive behavior were examined among youth 10-15 year olds surveyed nationally in the United States. At Wave 1 in 2006, participants (n = 1,588) were queried about these exposures and outcomes in the preceding 12 months. Wave 2 data (n = 1,206) were collected approximately 12 months after Wave 1 and Wave 3 data (n = 1,159) were collected approximately 24 months…
The use of outpatient mental health services in the United States and Ontario
OBJECTIVES: This study compared the associations of individual mental health disorders, self-rated mental health, disability, and perceived need for care with the use of outpatient mental health services in the United States and the Canadian province of Ontario. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Data came from the 1990 US National Comorbidity Survey and the 1990 Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey. RESULTS: T…
Gender Differences in the Use of Mental Health-Related Services
Philip J. Leaf, Martha Livingston Bruce, Gender Differences in the Use of Mental Health-Related Services: A Re-Examination, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Jun., 1987), pp. 171-183
Neighborhood Environment and Internalizing Problems in African American Children
Psychiatric disorders and 15-month mortality in a community sample of older adults
The relation between psychiatric disorders, defined by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), and mortality over 15 months is compared in 3007 adults age 55 and over in the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) project. Our results indicate that the odds of dying are more than four times greater for individuals with affective disorders than for others in the sample, controlling for age, sex, and physical health. Cause of death is also ex…
Home Visitor Relationship Security
Home visiting is widely used to improve outcomes in families at risk for poor parenting. Impact is modest and variable, owing in part to poor fidelity. Attachment theory suggests that home visitors' relationship security influences fidelity because establishing a trusting relationship with parents is central to service delivery. This study describes paraprofessional home visitors' relationship security and relates it to demographics, psychologica…
Changes in Attitudes toward Guns and Shootings following Implementation of the Baltimore Safe Streets Intervention
Association of home visitors' and mothers' attachment style with family engagement
Family engagement in home visiting (HV) is challenging. This study related attachment security of home visitors ( n =48) and mothers ( n =328) to family engagement in an HV program to prevent child maltreatment. Attachment security was assessed by using the Attachment Style Questionnaire to measure attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Family engagement was defined as receipt of a high dose of visits and home visitor response to intimate p…
Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation—Checklist
Two studies examined the validity and factor structure of the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation—Checklist, an instrument used to evaluate school-based programs. The checklist is a cost-effective alternative to the original interview format, and the factor structure is consistent across gender, race, age, and time of administration
The provision of services for rural youth with serious emotional and behavioral problems
The Effects of Cognitive Impairment on 9-Year Mortality in a Community Sample
Using 9-year mortality data on a community sample of 3,560 adults aged 40 and over, this study assessed the effects of cognitive functioning and one-year declines in cognitive functioning on mortality controlling for comorbid chronic medical illness, physical disability, and psychiatric illness. The study determined the 9-year vital status and, among the decreased, date of death of respondents who were first interviewed in 1980 by the New Haven E…
Federally funded CMHCs
Using Zoning as a Public Health Tool to Reduce Alcohol Outlet Oversaturation, Promote Compliance, and Guide Future Enforcement
Understanding the relationship between alcohol outlet density and life expectancy in Baltimore City
This research investigated the relationship between alcohol outlet density (AOD) and life expectancy, as mediated by community violence and community disadvantage. We used linear regression models to assess bivariate and multivariate relationships. There was a negative bivariate association between liquor store density and average life expectancy (β = −7.3370, p p = 0.220). Liquor store density is associated with higher levels of community disadv…
Alcohol Environment, Perceived Safety, and Exposure to Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs in Early Adolescence
This study examined the association between the count of alcohol outlets around children's homes and opportunities to use alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) during preadolescence. Data were collected in 2007 from 394 Baltimore City children aged 8–13 years (86% African American). Participants’ residential address and alcohol outlet data were geocoded with quarter mile (i.e., walking distance) buffers placed around each participant's home to…
Mental Health Systems Research
Contact With Health Professionals for the Treatment of Psychiatric and Emotional Problems
This study focuses on predisposing, enabling, and need factors affecting contact with health professionals for the treatment of psychiatric and emotional problems during a 6-month period. Data are from the first wave of the Yale Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Project. The study confirms the important relationship of psychopathology to both the likelihood of using mental health related services and the quantity of service contacts. Sex, age, r…
Federally funded CMHCs
Mental Health Systems Research
The relationship between demographic factors and attitudes toward mental health services
Considerable effort has been exerted in recent years toward educating the public concerning mental illness and the efficacy of various treatment modalities. Most previous studies of attitudes have focused solely on attitudes toward the mentally ill. In this study we investigated attitudes toward mental health services and found that most people are positively disposed toward the use of these services. Attitudes toward the use of mental health ser…
Gender Differences in the Use of Mental Health-Related Services
Philip J. Leaf, Martha Livingston Bruce, Gender Differences in the Use of Mental Health-Related Services: A Re-Examination, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Jun., 1987), pp. 171-183
Factors Affecting the Utilization of Specialty and General Medical Mental Health Services
This study compares the extent to which need, predisposing, and enabling factors affect the use of mental health services in the specialty and general medical health sectors during a 6-month period. Data are drawn from the first wave of interviews of the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) project at the Yale University site. The results indicate that 1) in the general population, factors affecting use of the two sectors differ; 2) among those u…
Psychiatric symptom dimensions among asian americans and native hawaiians
Standardized instruments are often used to assess the need for mental health services in a community. Such instruments are usually standardized on Caucasian samples and are generally assumed to be appropriate for different ethnocultural minorities. However, this assumption may be in error because cultural groups vary in their expression, manifestation, and reporting of symptoms. This article analyzes the responses to a standardized instrument, th…
Psychiatric disorders and 15-month mortality in a community sample of older adults
The relation between psychiatric disorders, defined by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), and mortality over 15 months is compared in 3007 adults age 55 and over in the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) project. Our results indicate that the odds of dying are more than four times greater for individuals with affective disorders than for others in the sample, controlling for age, sex, and physical health. Cause of death is also ex…
The Effects of Cognitive Impairment on 9-Year Mortality in a Community Sample
Using 9-year mortality data on a community sample of 3,560 adults aged 40 and over, this study assessed the effects of cognitive functioning and one-year declines in cognitive functioning on mortality controlling for comorbid chronic medical illness, physical disability, and psychiatric illness. The study determined the 9-year vital status and, among the decreased, date of death of respondents who were first interviewed in 1980 by the New Haven E…
The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders
General population data from the National Comorbidity Survey are presented on co-occurring DSM-III-R addictive and mental disorders. Co-occurrence is highly prevalent in the general population and usually due to the association of a primary mental disorder with a secondary addictive disorder. It is associated with a significantly increased probability of treatment, although the finding that fewer than half of cases with 12-month co-occurrence rec…
The provision of services for rural youth with serious emotional and behavioral problems
The use of outpatient mental health services in the United States and Ontario
OBJECTIVES: This study compared the associations of individual mental health disorders, self-rated mental health, disability, and perceived need for care with the use of outpatient mental health services in the United States and the Canadian province of Ontario. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Data came from the 1990 US National Comorbidity Survey and the 1990 Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey. RESULTS: T…
Teacher assessments of children's behavioral disorders
The relationship of demographic variables to teacher reports of behavior problems in six-to-eight-year-olds was examined. Contrary to previous research findings associating teacher-reported problems, with poverty and gender, multivariate analyses found significant associations only for ethnicity and caretakers' marital status. Implications for research on the impact of demographic factors on children's behavior problems and school performance are…
Racial differences in attitudes toward professional mental health care and in the use of services
Differences in attitudes toward seeking professional mental health care and in the utilization of mental health services were examined by analyzing the second part of the National Comorbidity Survey. Prior to use of services, African Americans were found to have more positive attitudes than whites toward seeking such services, but less likely to use them. After utilization, their attitudes were found to be less positive than those of whites
Barriers to Children's Mental Health Services
Help-Seeking Behaviors and Depression among African American Adolescent Boys
This study examined the help-seeking behaviors of depressed, African American adolescents. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 urban, African American boys, ages 14 to 18, who were recruited from community-based mental health centers and after-school programs for youths. Interviews covered sociodemographic information, questions regarding depressive symptomotology, and open-ended questions derived from the Network-Episode Model--includi…
Examining the Overlap in Internet Harassment and School Bullying
Section I
Internationally, youth violence is becoming an increasing concern. This study builds upon two lines of epidemiological research on youth risk behavior. One suggests that children who are not well monitored by parents are at increased risk of engaging in risky behavior. In a second line of research, associations are made between neighborhood features and delinquency. We set out to bridge the gap between these two lines of research as they relate t…
A multilevel study of predictors of student perceptions of school climate
A positive school climate is an important component of successful and effective schools and thus is often an aim of schoolwide initiatives. Climate has traditionally been conceptualized as a school-level factor and is often assumed to be related to other school-level factors (e.g., school size). The current study examines variation in perceptions of climate based on individual-, classroom-, and school-level factors to determine the influence of p…
Maximizing the Implementation Quality of Evidence-Based Preventive Interventions in Schools
Increased availability of research-supported, school-based prevention programs, coupled with the growing national policy emphasis on use of evidence-based practices, has contributed to a shift in research priorities from efficacy to implementation and dissemination. A critical issue in moving research to practice is ensuring high-quality implementation of both the intervention model and the support system for sustaining it. The paper describes a …
Altering School Climate through School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation—Checklist
Two studies examined the validity and factor structure of the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation—Checklist, an instrument used to evaluate school-based programs. The checklist is a cost-effective alternative to the original interview format, and the factor structure is consistent across gender, race, age, and time of administration
Home Visitor Relationship Security
Home visiting is widely used to improve outcomes in families at risk for poor parenting. Impact is modest and variable, owing in part to poor fidelity. Attachment theory suggests that home visitors' relationship security influences fidelity because establishing a trusting relationship with parents is central to service delivery. This study describes paraprofessional home visitors' relationship security and relates it to demographics, psychologica…
Examining the Effects of Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports on Student Outcomes
Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) is a universal, schoolwide prevention strategy that is currently implemented in over 9,000 schools across the nation to reduce disruptive behavior problems through the application of behavioral, social learning, and organizational behavioral principles. SWPBIS aims to alter school environments by creating improved systems and procedures that promote positive change in student beha…
Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of a School-Based Mindfulness Intervention for Urban Youth
Medicine (31 obras) · Psychology (29 obras) · Psychiatry (20 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (13 obras) · Mental health (13 obras) · Clinical Psychology (12 obras) · Environmental health (11 obras) · Political science (10 obras) · Mental Health Treatment and Access (8 obras) · Demography (7 obras)