Niels Martin Schmidt
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1573829 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Niels Martin Schmidt |
| PRENOMES | Niels Martin |
| SOBRENOME | Schmidt |
| ASSINATURA | SCHMIDT N M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Heidelberg University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0963-4013 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 28 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 99 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2003 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Does Poor Health Influence Residential Selection? Understanding Mobility Among Low-Income Housing Voucher Recipients in the Moving to Opportunity Study
Housing mobility programs and housing choice vouchers provide low-income families with a potentially-transformative opportunity to move to low-poverty neighborhoods. However, families often face barriers to attaining upward residential mobility; poor health may be one important barrier, although few studies have examined this hypothesis. We used the experimental Moving to Opportunity (MTO) Study, constructed residential trajectories, and linked n…
Effects of housing vouchers on the long-term exposure to neighbourhood opportunity among low-income families
Tenant-based rental assistance has received much attention as a tool to ameliorate American poverty and income segregation. We examined whether a tenant-based voucher program improves long-term exposure to neighborhood opportunity overall and across multiple domains-social/economic, educational, and health/environmental-among low-income families with children. We used data from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment (1994-2010) with a 10- to …
Do Alcohol Outlets Mediate the Effects of the Moving to Opportunity Experiment on Adolescent Excessive Drinking? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Background: Housing mobility impacts adolescent alcohol use, and the neighborhood built environment may impact this relationship. Methods: Moving to Opportunity (MTO) was a multi-site, three-arm, household-level experiment. MTO randomly assigned one of three treatment arms (1994–1997) allowing families living in public housing to (1) receive a voucher to be redeemed any neighborhood (2) receive a voucher to be redeemed in a neighborhood with less…
Do changes in neighborhood social context mediate the effects of the moving to opportunity experiment on adolescent mental health
Circumpolar status of Arctic ptarmigan
Rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) are Arctic birds with a circumpolar distribution but there is limited knowledge about their status and trends across their circumpolar distribution. Here, we compiled information from 90 ptarmigan study sites from 7 Arctic countries, where almost half of the sites are still monitored. Rock ptarmigan showed an overall negative trend on Iceland and Greenland, while Svalbard and Newfoun…
Arctic terrestrial biodiversity status and trends
This review provides a synopsis of the main findings of individual papers in the special issue Terrestrial Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing Arctic. The special issue was developed to inform the State of the Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity Report developed by the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) of the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), Arctic Council working group. Salient points about the status and trends of Arct…
Muskox status, recent variation, and uncertain future
Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of Arctic biodiversity. Given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid Arctic change is unknown, although paleontological history demonstrates adaptability within limits. We discuss status and limitations of current monitoring, and summarize circumpolar status and recent variations, delineating all 55 endemic or translocated populations. Acknowledging uncertainties, …
Conflicts about Urban Green Spaces in Metropolitan Areas under Conditions of Climate Change
Under conditions of climate change, land-use conflicts are a significant challenge for spatial planning, especially in densely populated metropolitan regions. By using a multi-methodological approach, this study aims to identify different stakeholders’ perceptions of these spaces in planning processes within urban areas in Germany. We use an ecosystem service analysis to evaluate the ecological potential of each selected study area and conducted …
Late bloomer? Agricultural policy integration and coordination patterns in climate policies
The ambitious goal of the Paris Agreement demands action across all policy domains and even scrutinizes traditionally privileged ones, including agriculture. Is agriculture playing an increasingly important role in climate policies? Existing research argues that the insulated agricultural domain is opening up and becoming more multidimensional. Whether such developments are visible in the comparatively new climate domain, however, has not been sy…
Global patterns of national climate policies
Modification of Housing Mobility Experimental Effects on Delinquency and Educational Problems
Scientific Advice and Administrative Traditions
The role of the chief scientist (CS), a key administrative position in various Israeli ministries, is to fund policy-oriented research and support evidence-based decision-making. Has the CS's role promoted or constrained incorporation of scientific advice regarding climate change adaptation into governmental policy? Have administrative traditions affected the adaptation planning process in Israel? Analysis of documents and 26 in-depth interviews …
Housing mobility and adolescent mental health
The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment was a housing mobility program begun in the mid-nineties that relocated volunteer low income families from public housing to rental units in higher opportunity neighborhoods in 5 US cities, using the Section 8 affordable housing voucher program. Compared to the control group who stayed behind in public housing, the MTO voucher group exhibited a harmful main effect for boys' mental health, and a beneficia…
Legislative Dynamics of Mitigation and Adaptation Framework Policies in the EU
In this study we examine the adoption of climate framework laws in 20 member states of the European Union (EU) from 1990 until 2015. Our analysis is guided by the following research questions: First, which EU member states have adopted climate change legislation that addresses mitigation, adaptation, or both? Second, do EU countries act coherently or do we observe differences across countries regarding the response strategy or point in time of po…
Mapping states’ Paris climate pledges
Postscript
As documented with examples in this special issue of Ambio, the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) Programme in its first 20 years has focused on both detailed and very comprehensive studies of specific ecosystems in order to monitor and understand ecosystem patterns and processes. An international review of GEM conducted in 2015 praised the programme for its comprehensiveness, but also saw an untapped potential for a wider use of GEM data and …
Transitions in high-Arctic vegetation growth patterns and ecosystem productivity tracked with automated cameras from 2000 to 2013
Climate-induced changes in vegetation phenology at northern latitudes are still poorly understood. Continued monitoring and research are therefore needed to improve the understanding of abiotic drivers. Here we used 14 years of time lapse imagery and climate data from high-Arctic Northeast Greenland to assess the seasonal response of a dwarf shrub heath, grassland, and fen, to inter-annual variation in snow-cover, soil moisture, and air and soil …
Vegetation phenology gradients along the west and east coasts of Greenland from 2001 to 2015
The objective of this paper is to characterize the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation phenology along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in Greenland, and to examine local and regional climatic drivers. Time-series from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were analyzed to obtain various phenological metrics for the period 2001-2015. MODIS-derived land surface temperatures were corrected for the sampling biases caused…
An Examination of Individual Differences and Factor Structure on the LS/CMI
The Level of Service/Case Management Index (LS/CMI) is the most commonly used case management tool among frontline criminal justice officials. However, the newest revision has been understudied. Literature suggests significant differences on Level of Service Inventory (LSI) and LSI–Revised subcomponents and total scores among various offender populations. Such differences, along with an overall lack of psychometric information, have significant i…
Heterogeneous Effects of Housing Vouchers on the Mental Health of US Adolescents
Objectives. To assess the mental health effects on adolescents of low-income families residing in high-poverty public housing who received housing vouchers to assist relocation. Methods. We defined treatment effects to compare 2829 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in families offered housing vouchers versus those living in public housing in the Moving to Opportunity experiment (1994–1997; Boston, MA; Baltimore, MD; Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; Ne…
Does Neighborhood Collective Efficacy for Families Change Over Time? The Boston Neighborhood Survey
There is an increased interest in how neighborhood social processes, such as collective efficacy, may protect mental health. Yet little is known about how stable these neighborhood processes are over time, or how to change them to influence other downstream factors. We used a population‐based, repeat cross‐sectional study of adults (n = 5135) to assess stability of collective efficacy for families in 38 Boston neighborhoods across 4 years (2006, …
Examining mediators of housing mobility on adolescent asthma
Were the mental health benefits of a housing mobility intervention larger for adolescents in higher socioeconomic status families
Labeling and Cumulative Disadvantage
Research in labeling theory has been revived recently, particularly in relation to the effect of labeling on critical noncriminal outcomes that potentially exacerbate involvement in crime. This study partakes in that revitalization by examining direct and indirect effects of police intervention in the lives of adolescents who were followed into their 30s. The authors find that early police intervention is indirectly related to drug use at the age…
Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems
Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra ecosystems. Here, we (1) synthesize these findings, (2) present a conceptual framework that identifies mechanisms and constraints on shrub increase, (3) explore causes, feedbacks and implications of the increased shrub cover in tundra ecosystems, and (4) address potential lines of…
Mapping states’ Paris climate pledges
Global patterns of national climate policies
Heterogeneous Effects of Housing Vouchers on the Mental Health of US Adolescents
Objectives. To assess the mental health effects on adolescents of low-income families residing in high-poverty public housing who received housing vouchers to assist relocation. Methods. We defined treatment effects to compare 2829 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in families offered housing vouchers versus those living in public housing in the Moving to Opportunity experiment (1994–1997; Boston, MA; Baltimore, MD; Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; Ne…
Do changes in neighborhood social context mediate the effects of the moving to opportunity experiment on adolescent mental health
Modification of Housing Mobility Experimental Effects on Delinquency and Educational Problems
Scientific Advice and Administrative Traditions
The role of the chief scientist (CS), a key administrative position in various Israeli ministries, is to fund policy-oriented research and support evidence-based decision-making. Has the CS's role promoted or constrained incorporation of scientific advice regarding climate change adaptation into governmental policy? Have administrative traditions affected the adaptation planning process in Israel? Analysis of documents and 26 in-depth interviews …
Does Neighborhood Collective Efficacy for Families Change Over Time? The Boston Neighborhood Survey
There is an increased interest in how neighborhood social processes, such as collective efficacy, may protect mental health. Yet little is known about how stable these neighborhood processes are over time, or how to change them to influence other downstream factors. We used a population‐based, repeat cross‐sectional study of adults (n = 5135) to assess stability of collective efficacy for families in 38 Boston neighborhoods across 4 years (2006, …
Legislative Dynamics of Mitigation and Adaptation Framework Policies in the EU
In this study we examine the adoption of climate framework laws in 20 member states of the European Union (EU) from 1990 until 2015. Our analysis is guided by the following research questions: First, which EU member states have adopted climate change legislation that addresses mitigation, adaptation, or both? Second, do EU countries act coherently or do we observe differences across countries regarding the response strategy or point in time of po…
Circumpolar status of Arctic ptarmigan
Rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) are Arctic birds with a circumpolar distribution but there is limited knowledge about their status and trends across their circumpolar distribution. Here, we compiled information from 90 ptarmigan study sites from 7 Arctic countries, where almost half of the sites are still monitored. Rock ptarmigan showed an overall negative trend on Iceland and Greenland, while Svalbard and Newfoun…
Arctic terrestrial biodiversity status and trends
This review provides a synopsis of the main findings of individual papers in the special issue Terrestrial Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing Arctic. The special issue was developed to inform the State of the Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity Report developed by the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) of the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), Arctic Council working group. Salient points about the status and trends of Arct…
Examining mediators of housing mobility on adolescent asthma
Conflicts about Urban Green Spaces in Metropolitan Areas under Conditions of Climate Change
Under conditions of climate change, land-use conflicts are a significant challenge for spatial planning, especially in densely populated metropolitan regions. By using a multi-methodological approach, this study aims to identify different stakeholders’ perceptions of these spaces in planning processes within urban areas in Germany. We use an ecosystem service analysis to evaluate the ecological potential of each selected study area and conducted …
Late bloomer? Agricultural policy integration and coordination patterns in climate policies
The ambitious goal of the Paris Agreement demands action across all policy domains and even scrutinizes traditionally privileged ones, including agriculture. Is agriculture playing an increasingly important role in climate policies? Existing research argues that the insulated agricultural domain is opening up and becoming more multidimensional. Whether such developments are visible in the comparatively new climate domain, however, has not been sy…
Concomitant Patterns in Avian and Mammalian Body Length Changes in Denmark
We gathered length data on 61 Danish breeding birds from the past 200 years, and related the pattern of change to present body mass and other ecological parameters. Body mass was the only parameter significantly correlated with the rate of change, and the emerging pattern in the rate of change followed the island rule. That is, smaller species have become larger and vice versa, while the mediumsized species remain essentially unchanged. The sugge…
Effects of housing vouchers on the long-term exposure to neighbourhood opportunity among low-income families
Tenant-based rental assistance has received much attention as a tool to ameliorate American poverty and income segregation. We examined whether a tenant-based voucher program improves long-term exposure to neighborhood opportunity overall and across multiple domains-social/economic, educational, and health/environmental-among low-income families with children. We used data from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment (1994-2010) with a 10- to …
Muskox status, recent variation, and uncertain future
Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of Arctic biodiversity. Given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid Arctic change is unknown, although paleontological history demonstrates adaptability within limits. We discuss status and limitations of current monitoring, and summarize circumpolar status and recent variations, delineating all 55 endemic or translocated populations. Acknowledging uncertainties, …
Transitions in high-Arctic vegetation growth patterns and ecosystem productivity tracked with automated cameras from 2000 to 2013
Climate-induced changes in vegetation phenology at northern latitudes are still poorly understood. Continued monitoring and research are therefore needed to improve the understanding of abiotic drivers. Here we used 14 years of time lapse imagery and climate data from high-Arctic Northeast Greenland to assess the seasonal response of a dwarf shrub heath, grassland, and fen, to inter-annual variation in snow-cover, soil moisture, and air and soil …
Vegetation phenology gradients along the west and east coasts of Greenland from 2001 to 2015
The objective of this paper is to characterize the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation phenology along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in Greenland, and to examine local and regional climatic drivers. Time-series from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were analyzed to obtain various phenological metrics for the period 2001-2015. MODIS-derived land surface temperatures were corrected for the sampling biases caused…
An Examination of Individual Differences and Factor Structure on the LS/CMI
The Level of Service/Case Management Index (LS/CMI) is the most commonly used case management tool among frontline criminal justice officials. However, the newest revision has been understudied. Literature suggests significant differences on Level of Service Inventory (LSI) and LSI–Revised subcomponents and total scores among various offender populations. Such differences, along with an overall lack of psychometric information, have significant i…
Were the mental health benefits of a housing mobility intervention larger for adolescents in higher socioeconomic status families
Changes in Mammalian Body Length over 175 Years—Adaptations to a Fragmented Landscape
The potential consequences of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on species diversity and extinction have drawn considerable attention in recent decades. In many cases, traditional island biogeography theory has been applied to explain the observed patterns. Here, we propose that habitat fragmentation as a selective force can be traced in mammalian body length changes. By exploring historical sources, we are able to show that the body length of …
Concomitant Patterns in Avian and Mammalian Body Length Changes in Denmark
We gathered length data on 61 Danish breeding birds from the past 200 years, and related the pattern of change to present body mass and other ecological parameters. Body mass was the only parameter significantly correlated with the rate of change, and the emerging pattern in the rate of change followed the island rule. That is, smaller species have become larger and vice versa, while the mediumsized species remain essentially unchanged. The sugge…
Ecological Dynamics Across the Arctic Associated with Recent Climate Change
Assessing the Arctic The Arctic is experiencing some of the most rapid climate change currently under way across the globe, but consequent ecological responses have not been widely reported. At the close of the Fourth International Polar Year, Post et al. (p. 1355 ) review observations on ecological impacts in this sensitive region. The widespread changes occurring in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems, presage changes at lower latitudes…
Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems
Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra ecosystems. Here, we (1) synthesize these findings, (2) present a conceptual framework that identifies mechanisms and constraints on shrub increase, (3) explore causes, feedbacks and implications of the increased shrub cover in tundra ecosystems, and (4) address potential lines of…
Labeling and Cumulative Disadvantage
Research in labeling theory has been revived recently, particularly in relation to the effect of labeling on critical noncriminal outcomes that potentially exacerbate involvement in crime. This study partakes in that revitalization by examining direct and indirect effects of police intervention in the lives of adolescents who were followed into their 30s. The authors find that early police intervention is indirectly related to drug use at the age…
Were the mental health benefits of a housing mobility intervention larger for adolescents in higher socioeconomic status families
Does Neighborhood Collective Efficacy for Families Change Over Time? The Boston Neighborhood Survey
There is an increased interest in how neighborhood social processes, such as collective efficacy, may protect mental health. Yet little is known about how stable these neighborhood processes are over time, or how to change them to influence other downstream factors. We used a population‐based, repeat cross‐sectional study of adults (n = 5135) to assess stability of collective efficacy for families in 38 Boston neighborhoods across 4 years (2006, …
Examining mediators of housing mobility on adolescent asthma
Heterogeneous Effects of Housing Vouchers on the Mental Health of US Adolescents
Objectives. To assess the mental health effects on adolescents of low-income families residing in high-poverty public housing who received housing vouchers to assist relocation. Methods. We defined treatment effects to compare 2829 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in families offered housing vouchers versus those living in public housing in the Moving to Opportunity experiment (1994–1997; Boston, MA; Baltimore, MD; Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; Ne…
Housing mobility and adolescent mental health
The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment was a housing mobility program begun in the mid-nineties that relocated volunteer low income families from public housing to rental units in higher opportunity neighborhoods in 5 US cities, using the Section 8 affordable housing voucher program. Compared to the control group who stayed behind in public housing, the MTO voucher group exhibited a harmful main effect for boys' mental health, and a beneficia…
Legislative Dynamics of Mitigation and Adaptation Framework Policies in the EU
In this study we examine the adoption of climate framework laws in 20 member states of the European Union (EU) from 1990 until 2015. Our analysis is guided by the following research questions: First, which EU member states have adopted climate change legislation that addresses mitigation, adaptation, or both? Second, do EU countries act coherently or do we observe differences across countries regarding the response strategy or point in time of po…
Mapping states’ Paris climate pledges
Postscript
As documented with examples in this special issue of Ambio, the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) Programme in its first 20 years has focused on both detailed and very comprehensive studies of specific ecosystems in order to monitor and understand ecosystem patterns and processes. An international review of GEM conducted in 2015 praised the programme for its comprehensiveness, but also saw an untapped potential for a wider use of GEM data and …
Transitions in high-Arctic vegetation growth patterns and ecosystem productivity tracked with automated cameras from 2000 to 2013
Climate-induced changes in vegetation phenology at northern latitudes are still poorly understood. Continued monitoring and research are therefore needed to improve the understanding of abiotic drivers. Here we used 14 years of time lapse imagery and climate data from high-Arctic Northeast Greenland to assess the seasonal response of a dwarf shrub heath, grassland, and fen, to inter-annual variation in snow-cover, soil moisture, and air and soil …
Vegetation phenology gradients along the west and east coasts of Greenland from 2001 to 2015
The objective of this paper is to characterize the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation phenology along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in Greenland, and to examine local and regional climatic drivers. Time-series from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were analyzed to obtain various phenological metrics for the period 2001-2015. MODIS-derived land surface temperatures were corrected for the sampling biases caused…
An Examination of Individual Differences and Factor Structure on the LS/CMI
The Level of Service/Case Management Index (LS/CMI) is the most commonly used case management tool among frontline criminal justice officials. However, the newest revision has been understudied. Literature suggests significant differences on Level of Service Inventory (LSI) and LSI–Revised subcomponents and total scores among various offender populations. Such differences, along with an overall lack of psychometric information, have significant i…
Global patterns of national climate policies
Modification of Housing Mobility Experimental Effects on Delinquency and Educational Problems
Scientific Advice and Administrative Traditions
The role of the chief scientist (CS), a key administrative position in various Israeli ministries, is to fund policy-oriented research and support evidence-based decision-making. Has the CS's role promoted or constrained incorporation of scientific advice regarding climate change adaptation into governmental policy? Have administrative traditions affected the adaptation planning process in Israel? Analysis of documents and 26 in-depth interviews …
Conflicts about Urban Green Spaces in Metropolitan Areas under Conditions of Climate Change
Under conditions of climate change, land-use conflicts are a significant challenge for spatial planning, especially in densely populated metropolitan regions. By using a multi-methodological approach, this study aims to identify different stakeholders’ perceptions of these spaces in planning processes within urban areas in Germany. We use an ecosystem service analysis to evaluate the ecological potential of each selected study area and conducted …
Late bloomer? Agricultural policy integration and coordination patterns in climate policies
The ambitious goal of the Paris Agreement demands action across all policy domains and even scrutinizes traditionally privileged ones, including agriculture. Is agriculture playing an increasingly important role in climate policies? Existing research argues that the insulated agricultural domain is opening up and becoming more multidimensional. Whether such developments are visible in the comparatively new climate domain, however, has not been sy…
Do changes in neighborhood social context mediate the effects of the moving to opportunity experiment on adolescent mental health
Circumpolar status of Arctic ptarmigan
Rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) are Arctic birds with a circumpolar distribution but there is limited knowledge about their status and trends across their circumpolar distribution. Here, we compiled information from 90 ptarmigan study sites from 7 Arctic countries, where almost half of the sites are still monitored. Rock ptarmigan showed an overall negative trend on Iceland and Greenland, while Svalbard and Newfoun…
Arctic terrestrial biodiversity status and trends
This review provides a synopsis of the main findings of individual papers in the special issue Terrestrial Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing Arctic. The special issue was developed to inform the State of the Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity Report developed by the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) of the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), Arctic Council working group. Salient points about the status and trends of Arct…
Muskox status, recent variation, and uncertain future
Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of Arctic biodiversity. Given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid Arctic change is unknown, although paleontological history demonstrates adaptability within limits. We discuss status and limitations of current monitoring, and summarize circumpolar status and recent variations, delineating all 55 endemic or translocated populations. Acknowledging uncertainties, …
Geography (13 obras) · Psychology (13 obras) · Ecology (12 obras) · Economics (10 obras) · Political science (10 obras) · Business (9 obras) · Climate change (9 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (9 obras) · Homelessness and Social Issues (9 obras) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (9 obras)