Peter M Vitousek
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 159506 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Peter M Vitousek |
| PRENOMES | Peter M |
| SOBRENOME | Vitousek |
| ASSINATURA | VITOUSEK P M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4933-2666 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 26 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 183 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 26 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1986 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Islands and Cultures
Policy distortions, farm size, and the overuse of agricultural chemicals in China
Significance Overuse of agricultural chemicals has resulted in enormous damages to environmental quality and human health in China. Reducing the use of agricultural chemicals to an optimal level is a crucial challenge for the sustainable development of agriculture. We demonstrate that small farm size (in China, typically ∼0.1 ha for each parcel) is strongly related to overuse of agricultural chemicals. Farm size increases with economic developmen…
Soil nutrients and pre‐European contact agriculture in the leeward Kohala field system, Island of Hawai‘i
Studies in the leeward Kohala field system on Hawai‘i Island have considered the processes and timing of agricultural development associated with sociopolitical transformations and the production of agricultural surpluses. Using extensive soil sampling, we explore the use of relatively mobile and immobile soil parameters within the agricultural landscape to interpret the development and maintenance of the system over time. Results show that in th…
Restoring people and productivity to Puanui
Marshall, K., C. Koseff, A. Roberts, A. Lindsey, A. Kagawa-Viviani, N. K. Lincoln, and P. Vitousek. 2017. Restoring people and productivity to Puanui: challenges and opportunities in the restoration of an intensive rain-fed Hawaiian field system. Ecology and Society 22(2):23. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09170-220223
Farming the Rock
In pre-contact Hawai‘i, large and intensive rainfed agricultural systems were established only where ongoing weathering of basalt-derived minerals could provide a sustained source of nutrients to crop plants. We demonstrated that the high-elevation, high- rainfall boundary of the Leeward Kohala Field System corresponded to a well-defined threshold in soil fertility, above which soils were acidic and infertile and rock weathering was depleted as a…
Fertilizer nitrogen recovery efficiencies in crop production systems of China with and without consideration of the residual effect of nitrogen
China is the world’s largest consumer of synthetic nitrogen (N), where very low rates of fertilizer N recovery in crops have been reported, raising discussion around whether fertilizer N use can be significantly reduced without yield penalties. However, using recovery rates as indicator ignores a possible residual effect of fertilizer N—a factor often unknown at large scales. Such residual effect might store N in the soil increasing N availabilit…
Identification and evaluation of risk factors related to provincial food insecurity in China
Understanding the risk factors which could cause provincial food insecurity is of great importance for maintaining China's food security. In this research, fault-tree analysis has been used to identify risk sources and corresponding risk factors, and both the ratio and growth rate analysis method and the risk coefficient method have been used to evaluate the risk profile for each province. The results showed that constrained land resources and na…
The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century
Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (N r ) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority of the transformations of anthropogenic N r are on land (240 Tg N yr −1 ) within soils and vegetation where reduced N r contributes most of the input through the use of fertilizer nitrogen in agriculture. Leakages from the use of fertilizer N r cont…
Pacific islands in the Anthropocene
Although the islands of remote Oceania were among the last places reached by humanity, many islands entered the Anthropocene early. Extinctions -some caused by the first people to discover islands -have been far more frequent on islands than continents, and the intensity and consequences of human-caused biological invasion, deforestation, and landscape alteration have been substantially greater as well At the same time, islands provide a useful m…
Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World
Liu, J., V. Hull, M. Batistella, R. DeFries, T. Dietz, F. Fu, T. W. Hertel, R. C. Izaurralde, E. F. Lambin, S. Li, L. A. Martinelli, W. J. McConnell, E. F. Moran, R. Naylor, Z. Ouyang, K. R. Polenske, A. Reenberg, G. de Miranda Rocha, C. S. Simmons, P. H. Verburg, P. M. Vitousek, F. Zhang, and C. Zhu. 2013. Framing sustainability in a telecoupled world. Ecology and Society 18(2): 26. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05873-180226
Irrigated taro (Colocasia esculenta) farming in North Kohala, Hawai‘i
Agricultural potential and actualized development in Hawai’i
Significant Acidification in Major Chinese Croplands
Cropland Acidification in China China is experiencing increasing problems with acid rain, groundwater pollution, and nitrous oxide emissions. Rapid development of industry and transportation has accelerated nitrate (N) emissions to the atmosphere. Consequently, soil degradation, water shortage, and pollution, in addition to atmospheric quality decline are becoming major public concerns across China. Since the 1990s, China has become both the larg…
Agriculture in Brazil
Soil nutrient analysis of Rapa Nui gardening
Prehistoric Rapa Nui farmers used a variety of rock veneer and mulch gardens to increase crop productivity. These cultural features ranged from small ca. 10 × 10 m gardens, to much larger expanses of continuous rock concentrations covering many hectares. The rock gardens probably served several purposes, including protecting crops and soils from high winds, promoting water penetration, maintaining ground moisture, and reducing temperature fluctua…
Nutrient Imbalances in Agricultural Development
Nutrient additions to intensive agricultural systems range from inadequate to excessive—and both extremes have substantial human and environmental costs.
Opportunities and constraints for intensive agriculture in the Hawaiian archipelago prior to European contact
Risky Business
Soils, Agriculture, and Society in Precontact Hawai`i
Before European contact, Hawai`i supported large human populations in complex societies that were based on multiple pathways of intensive agriculture. We show that soils within a long-abandoned 60-square-kilometer dryland agricultural complex are substantially richer in bases and phosphorus than are those just outside it, and that this enrichment predated the establishment of intensive agriculture. Climate and soil fertility combined to constrain…
Nitrogen and Nature
Anthropogenic changes to the global N cycle are important in part because added N alters the composition, productivity, and other properties of many natural ecosystems substantially. Why does added N have such a large impact? Why is N in short supply in so many natural ecosystems? Processes that slow the cycling of N relative to other elements and processes that control ecosystem-level inputs and outputs of N could cause N supply to limit the dyn…
Nitrogen and Nature
Anthropogenic changes to the global N cycle are important in part because added N alters the composition, productivity, and other properties of many natural ecosystems substantially. Why does added N have such a large impact? Why is N in short supply in so many natural ecosystems? Processes that slow the cycling of N relative to other elements and processes that control ecosystem-level inputs and outputs of N could cause N supply to limit the dyn…
Consequences of changing biodiversity
Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems
Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by huma…
Beyond Global Warming
While ecologists involved in management or policy often are advised to learn to deal with uncertainty, there are a number of components of global environmental change of which we are certain–certain that they are going on, and certain that they are human—caused. Some of these are largely ecological changes, and all have important ecological consequences. Three of the well—documented global changes are: increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide …
Terrestrial ecosystem production
This paper presents a modeling approach aimed at seasonal resolution of global climatic and edaphic controls on patterns of terrestrial ecosystem production and soil microbial respiration. We use satellite imagery (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project solar radiation), along with historical climate (monthly temperature and precipitation) and soil attributes (texture, C and N contents) from…
Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World
Liu, J., V. Hull, M. Batistella, R. DeFries, T. Dietz, F. Fu, T. W. Hertel, R. C. Izaurralde, E. F. Lambin, S. Li, L. A. Martinelli, W. J. McConnell, E. F. Moran, R. Naylor, Z. Ouyang, K. R. Polenske, A. Reenberg, G. de Miranda Rocha, C. S. Simmons, P. H. Verburg, P. M. Vitousek, F. Zhang, and C. Zhu. 2013. Framing sustainability in a telecoupled world. Ecology and Society 18(2): 26. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05873-180226
Opportunities and constraints for intensive agriculture in the Hawaiian archipelago prior to European contact
Agricultural potential and actualized development in Hawai’i
Soil nutrient analysis of Rapa Nui gardening
Prehistoric Rapa Nui farmers used a variety of rock veneer and mulch gardens to increase crop productivity. These cultural features ranged from small ca. 10 × 10 m gardens, to much larger expanses of continuous rock concentrations covering many hectares. The rock gardens probably served several purposes, including protecting crops and soils from high winds, promoting water penetration, maintaining ground moisture, and reducing temperature fluctua…
Agriculture in Brazil
Risky Business
Soil nutrients and pre‐European contact agriculture in the leeward Kohala field system, Island of Hawai‘i
Studies in the leeward Kohala field system on Hawai‘i Island have considered the processes and timing of agricultural development associated with sociopolitical transformations and the production of agricultural surpluses. Using extensive soil sampling, we explore the use of relatively mobile and immobile soil parameters within the agricultural landscape to interpret the development and maintenance of the system over time. Results show that in th…
Restoring people and productivity to Puanui
Marshall, K., C. Koseff, A. Roberts, A. Lindsey, A. Kagawa-Viviani, N. K. Lincoln, and P. Vitousek. 2017. Restoring people and productivity to Puanui: challenges and opportunities in the restoration of an intensive rain-fed Hawaiian field system. Ecology and Society 22(2):23. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09170-220223
Nitrogen and Nature
Anthropogenic changes to the global N cycle are important in part because added N alters the composition, productivity, and other properties of many natural ecosystems substantially. Why does added N have such a large impact? Why is N in short supply in so many natural ecosystems? Processes that slow the cycling of N relative to other elements and processes that control ecosystem-level inputs and outputs of N could cause N supply to limit the dyn…
Irrigated taro (Colocasia esculenta) farming in North Kohala, Hawai‘i
Human Appropriation of the Products of Photosynthesis
Peter M. Vitousek, Paul R. Ehrlich, Anne H. Ehrlich, Pamela A. Matson; Human Appropriation of the Products of Photosynthesis, BioScience, Volume 36, Issue
Terrestrial ecosystem production
This paper presents a modeling approach aimed at seasonal resolution of global climatic and edaphic controls on patterns of terrestrial ecosystem production and soil microbial respiration. We use satellite imagery (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project solar radiation), along with historical climate (monthly temperature and precipitation) and soil attributes (texture, C and N contents) from…
Beyond Global Warming
While ecologists involved in management or policy often are advised to learn to deal with uncertainty, there are a number of components of global environmental change of which we are certain–certain that they are going on, and certain that they are human—caused. Some of these are largely ecological changes, and all have important ecological consequences. Three of the well—documented global changes are: increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide …
Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems
Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by huma…
Consequences of changing biodiversity
Nitrogen and Nature
Anthropogenic changes to the global N cycle are important in part because added N alters the composition, productivity, and other properties of many natural ecosystems substantially. Why does added N have such a large impact? Why is N in short supply in so many natural ecosystems? Processes that slow the cycling of N relative to other elements and processes that control ecosystem-level inputs and outputs of N could cause N supply to limit the dyn…
Nitrogen and Nature
Anthropogenic changes to the global N cycle are important in part because added N alters the composition, productivity, and other properties of many natural ecosystems substantially. Why does added N have such a large impact? Why is N in short supply in so many natural ecosystems? Processes that slow the cycling of N relative to other elements and processes that control ecosystem-level inputs and outputs of N could cause N supply to limit the dyn…
Soils, Agriculture, and Society in Precontact Hawai`i
Before European contact, Hawai`i supported large human populations in complex societies that were based on multiple pathways of intensive agriculture. We show that soils within a long-abandoned 60-square-kilometer dryland agricultural complex are substantially richer in bases and phosphorus than are those just outside it, and that this enrichment predated the establishment of intensive agriculture. Climate and soil fertility combined to constrain…
Risky Business
Nutrient Imbalances in Agricultural Development
Nutrient additions to intensive agricultural systems range from inadequate to excessive—and both extremes have substantial human and environmental costs.
Opportunities and constraints for intensive agriculture in the Hawaiian archipelago prior to European contact
Significant Acidification in Major Chinese Croplands
Cropland Acidification in China China is experiencing increasing problems with acid rain, groundwater pollution, and nitrous oxide emissions. Rapid development of industry and transportation has accelerated nitrate (N) emissions to the atmosphere. Consequently, soil degradation, water shortage, and pollution, in addition to atmospheric quality decline are becoming major public concerns across China. Since the 1990s, China has become both the larg…
Agriculture in Brazil
Soil nutrient analysis of Rapa Nui gardening
Prehistoric Rapa Nui farmers used a variety of rock veneer and mulch gardens to increase crop productivity. These cultural features ranged from small ca. 10 × 10 m gardens, to much larger expanses of continuous rock concentrations covering many hectares. The rock gardens probably served several purposes, including protecting crops and soils from high winds, promoting water penetration, maintaining ground moisture, and reducing temperature fluctua…
Agricultural potential and actualized development in Hawai’i
Irrigated taro (Colocasia esculenta) farming in North Kohala, Hawai‘i
The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century
Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (N r ) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority of the transformations of anthropogenic N r are on land (240 Tg N yr −1 ) within soils and vegetation where reduced N r contributes most of the input through the use of fertilizer nitrogen in agriculture. Leakages from the use of fertilizer N r cont…
Pacific islands in the Anthropocene
Although the islands of remote Oceania were among the last places reached by humanity, many islands entered the Anthropocene early. Extinctions -some caused by the first people to discover islands -have been far more frequent on islands than continents, and the intensity and consequences of human-caused biological invasion, deforestation, and landscape alteration have been substantially greater as well At the same time, islands provide a useful m…
Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World
Liu, J., V. Hull, M. Batistella, R. DeFries, T. Dietz, F. Fu, T. W. Hertel, R. C. Izaurralde, E. F. Lambin, S. Li, L. A. Martinelli, W. J. McConnell, E. F. Moran, R. Naylor, Z. Ouyang, K. R. Polenske, A. Reenberg, G. de Miranda Rocha, C. S. Simmons, P. H. Verburg, P. M. Vitousek, F. Zhang, and C. Zhu. 2013. Framing sustainability in a telecoupled world. Ecology and Society 18(2): 26. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05873-180226
Farming the Rock
In pre-contact Hawai‘i, large and intensive rainfed agricultural systems were established only where ongoing weathering of basalt-derived minerals could provide a sustained source of nutrients to crop plants. We demonstrated that the high-elevation, high- rainfall boundary of the Leeward Kohala Field System corresponded to a well-defined threshold in soil fertility, above which soils were acidic and infertile and rock weathering was depleted as a…
Fertilizer nitrogen recovery efficiencies in crop production systems of China with and without consideration of the residual effect of nitrogen
China is the world’s largest consumer of synthetic nitrogen (N), where very low rates of fertilizer N recovery in crops have been reported, raising discussion around whether fertilizer N use can be significantly reduced without yield penalties. However, using recovery rates as indicator ignores a possible residual effect of fertilizer N—a factor often unknown at large scales. Such residual effect might store N in the soil increasing N availabilit…
Identification and evaluation of risk factors related to provincial food insecurity in China
Understanding the risk factors which could cause provincial food insecurity is of great importance for maintaining China's food security. In this research, fault-tree analysis has been used to identify risk sources and corresponding risk factors, and both the ratio and growth rate analysis method and the risk coefficient method have been used to evaluate the risk profile for each province. The results showed that constrained land resources and na…
Restoring people and productivity to Puanui
Marshall, K., C. Koseff, A. Roberts, A. Lindsey, A. Kagawa-Viviani, N. K. Lincoln, and P. Vitousek. 2017. Restoring people and productivity to Puanui: challenges and opportunities in the restoration of an intensive rain-fed Hawaiian field system. Ecology and Society 22(2):23. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09170-220223
Policy distortions, farm size, and the overuse of agricultural chemicals in China
Significance Overuse of agricultural chemicals has resulted in enormous damages to environmental quality and human health in China. Reducing the use of agricultural chemicals to an optimal level is a crucial challenge for the sustainable development of agriculture. We demonstrate that small farm size (in China, typically ∼0.1 ha for each parcel) is strongly related to overuse of agricultural chemicals. Farm size increases with economic developmen…
Soil nutrients and pre‐European contact agriculture in the leeward Kohala field system, Island of Hawai‘i
Studies in the leeward Kohala field system on Hawai‘i Island have considered the processes and timing of agricultural development associated with sociopolitical transformations and the production of agricultural surpluses. Using extensive soil sampling, we explore the use of relatively mobile and immobile soil parameters within the agricultural landscape to interpret the development and maintenance of the system over time. Results show that in th…
Environmental Science (20 obras) · Geography (19 obras) · Biology (18 obras) · Agriculture (12 obras) · Ecology (12 obras) · Ecology (10 obras) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (10 obras) · Archaeology (8 obras) · Ecosystem (8 obras) · Economics (7 obras)