Josephine Head
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 161891 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Josephine Head |
| PRENOMES | Josephine |
| SOBRENOME | Head |
| ASSINATURA | HEAD J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6054-0872 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 66 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 260 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 66 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1991 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Changes in food habits during the transition to retirement
BACKGROUND: The transition to retirement is a significant turning point in life, which may lead to changes in food habits. OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in red meat, fish, vegetables and fruit consumption during the retirement transition and whether these changes vary between sociodemographic groups. METHODS: The data were from the Whitehall II study, a cohort of 10 308 British civil servants aged 35-55 years at study induction (1985-1988). Data …
Does the health of local populations modify occupational differences in employment rates of older workers? Findings from the ONS Longitudinal Study 2001–2011
Poor health is a key reason for early exit from the labour market. Few studies have explored how the health of local populations is related to occupational differences in employment outcomes among older people. Our study used data for England and Wales from the ONS Longitudinal Study linked with 2001 Census measures of the health of the older working age population at local authority level. We included 128,710 people aged 40-64y in 2001 who were …
Estimating Working Life Expectancy
Increases in retirement ages make it particularly pressing to better understand how long people will work. Working life expectancy (WLE) is a useful measure for this and the current paper assesses the tools, that is, software packages, available to assess it. We do this using data from the English Longitudinal Survey on Ageing (ELSA, 2003–2018) and multistate models to estimate WLE stratified by sex and socioeconomic status. Men’s versus women’s …
The complex Y‐chromosomal history of gorillas
Studies of the evolutionary relationships among gorilla populations using autosomal and mitochondrial sequences suggest that male‐mediated gene flow may have been important in the past, but data on the Y‐chromosomal relationships among the gorilla subspecies are limited. Here, we genotyped blood and noninvasively collected fecal samples from 12 captives and 257 wild male gorillas of known origin representing all four subspecies ( Gorilla gorilla …
Does it matter how we measure the health of older people in places for associations with labour market outcomes? A cross-sectional study
Improving health of older populations may lead to wider economic benefits for all
Measuring the health of people in places
A scoping review was performed to identify how Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries measure overall health for sub-national geographies within each country. Sixty publications were selected from MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar, plus information extracted from 37 of 38 OECD countries statistical agency and/or public health institute websites that were available in English. Data sources varied by categorisation…
(Un-) healthy ageing
Health expectancies are an indicator of healthy ageing that reflect quantity and quality of life. Using limiting long term illness and mortality prevalence, we calculate disability-free life expectancy for small areas in England and Wales between 1991 and 2011 for males and females aged 50-74, the life stage when people may be changing their occupation from main career to retirement or alternative work activities. We find that inequalities in dis…
Quantitative estimates of glacial refugia for chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) since the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP)
Paleoclimate reconstructions have enhanced our understanding of how past climates have shaped present‐day biodiversity. We hypothesize that the geographic extent of Pleistocene forest refugia and suitable habitat fluctuated significantly in time during the late Quaternary for chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ). Using bioclimatic variables representing monthly temperature and precipitation estimates, past human population density data, and an extensi…
Changes in Emotional Vitality as a Predictor of Levels and Change in Allostatic Load
OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence has shown an association between reduced psychological well-being and long-term morbidity. However, longitudinal studies addressing potential biobehavioral mechanisms, such as physiological function, are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the association between changes in emotional vitality on levels and changes in allostatic load (AL), a measure of multisystem physiological dysregulation, as well as its …
Mental Health Before and After Retirement—Assessing the Relevance of Psychosocial Working Conditions
Retirement was generally beneficial for health. The association between retirement and mental health was dependent on the context individuals retire from
Inequalities in time from stopping paid work to death
BACKGROUND: UK state pension eligibility ages are linked to average life expectancy, which ignores wide socioeconomic disparities in both healthy and overall life expectancy. OBJECTIVES: Investigate whether there are occupational social class differences in the amount of time older adults live after they stop work, and how much of these differences are due to health. METHODS: Participants were 76 485 members of the Office for National Statistics …
Linking local labour market conditions across the life course to retirement age
Gender differences and individual, household, and workplace characteristics
Increasing labour market participation among older workers is embedded in government policy in the United Kingdom and many other industrialised countries with rises in the state pension age in response to increasing life expectancy. Despite this, many workers stop working before state pension age with around a 20% reduction in the proportion of adults in work between ages 50 and 60 in 2011 in England and Wales. This paper considers the risk of re…
Work-Family Conflict and Work Exit in Later Career Stage
FIW makes women more likely to become a homemaker at later career stage but reduces the risk of leaving work for men, which may reinforce gender inequality in work participation
Changes in autonomy, job demands and working hours after diagnosis of chronic disease
BACKGROUND: Modifications in working conditions can accommodate changing needs of chronically ill persons. The self-employed may have more possibilities than employees to modify their working conditions. We investigate how working conditions change following diagnosis of chronic disease for employed and self-employed older persons. METHODS: We used waves 2-7 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). We included 1389 participants aged …
Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes )
OBJECTIVES: We investigated occurrences and patterns of terrestrial nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and modelled the influence of various ecological predictors on nocturnal activity. METHODS: Data were extracted from terrestrial camera-trap footage and ecological surveys from 22 chimpanzee study sites participating in the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee. We described videos demonstrating nocturnal activity,…
Association between midlife health behaviours and transitions out of employment from midlife to early old age
Unhealthy behaviours in midlife are associated with transitions out of employment into old age. Promoting healthy behaviours at midlife might support current policy initiatives aimed at extending working life. Future research should consider possible mechanisms that link behaviours to transitions out of employment, and consider sex differences in larger cohorts
Late Life Employment Histories and Their Association With Work and Family Formation During Adulthood
To extend research on workforce participation beyond age 50 by describing entire employment histories in later life and testing their links to prior life course conditions. We use data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, with retrospective information on employment histories between age 50 and 70 for 1,103 men and 1,195 women (n = 2,298). We apply sequence analysis and group respondents into eight clusters with similar histories. Using…
Spatio‐temporal complexity of chimpanzee food
Ecological complexity has been proposed to play a crucial role in primate brain-size evolution. However, detailed quantification of ecological complexity is still limited. Here we assess the spatio-temporal distribution of tropical fruits and young leaves, two primary chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) foods, focusing on the predictability of their availability in individual trees. Using up to 20 years of information on monthly availability of young le…
The Association Between Informal Caregiving and Exit From Employment Among Older Workers
This study highlights the onset of caregiving as a key period for older workers. Ensuring that caregiving responsibilities are adequately recognized and supported may help extend working life
Dynamic Longitudinal Associations Between Social Support and Cognitive Function
This empirical study provides some evidence for the health selection mechanism, such that cognition modified changes in social support. The hypothesized neuroprotective effect of social support was not detectable
Role of psychosocial work factors in the relation between becoming a caregiver and changes in health behaviour
BACKGROUND: The present study tested the effects of becoming a caregiver combined with adverse working conditions on changes in health behaviours. METHODS: Participants were 5419 British civil servants from the Whitehall II cohort study who were not caregivers at baseline (phase 3, 1991-1994). Psychosocial work factors were assessed at baseline. Phase 4 questionnaire (1995-1996) was used to identify participants who became caregivers to an aged o…
Socioeconomic gradient in work disability in diabetes
BACKGROUND: The role of socioeconomic status in work disability among employees with diabetes is not well known. We examined the association between socioeconomic status and work disability among employees with and without diabetes taking into account comorbid conditions. METHODS: We used individual participant data from three occupational cohorts from Finland, France and the UK (employees with diabetes, n=2170, age-matched and sex-matched contro…
Comparative isotope ecology of African great apes
Work Stress, Caregiving, and Allostatic Load
OBJECTIVES: Studies investigating health effects of work and family stress usually consider these factors in isolation. The present study investigated prospective interactive effects of job strain and informal caregiving on allostatic load (AL), a multisystem indicator of physiological dysregulation. METHODS: Participants were 7007 British civil servants from the Whitehall II cohort study. Phase 3 (1991-1994) served as the baseline, and Phases 5 …
Sympatric Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Loango National Park, Gabon
Complex tool sets for honey extraction among chimpanzees in Loango National Park, Gabon
Associations of job strain and working overtime with adverse health behaviors and obesity
Working While Ill as a Risk Factor for Serious Coronary Events
Objectives. Although sick, some people take no time off work, a phenomenon called “sickness presenteeism.” This study examined the association between sickness presenteeism and incidence of serious coronary events. Methods. The analyses were based on a cohort of 5071 male British civil servants without previous myocardial infarction. Baseline screening included measurements of health status and coronary risk factors. Absence records were assessed…
Niche differentiation and dietary seasonality among sympatric gorillas and chimpanzees in Loango National Park (Gabon) revealed by stable isotope analysis
Fatal Chimpanzee Attack in Loango National Park, Gabon
Diagnosis-specific sickness absence and all-cause mortality in the Gazel study
BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a risk marker for all-cause mortality. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort (the GAZEL study). Medically certified sickness absence spells >7 days for 15 diagnostic categories, 1990-1992, were examined in relation to all-cause mortality, January 1993-February 2007. The reference group for each diagnostic category was participants with no spell >7 days for that diagn…
Cultural identity, acculturation, and mental health among adolescents in east London’s multiethnic community
Study objective: To investigate cultural identity as a risk factor for mental health problems among adolescents. Design: A cross sectional school based population survey. Mental health problems were measured using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Pupils were classified into one of four cultural identity types on the basis of friendship and clothing choices. Setting: East London. Participants: 2623 adolescents (aged 11–14) from a repr…
Organisational justice and change in justice as predictors of employee health
Objective: Organisational justice has been proposed as a new way to examine the impact of psychosocial work environment on employee health. This article studied the justice of interpersonal treatment by supervisors (the relational component of organisational justice) as a predictor of health. Design: Prospective cohort study. Phase 1 (1985–88) measured relational justice, job demands, job control, social support at work, effort-reward imbalance, …
Late Life Employment Histories and Their Association With Work and Family Formation During Adulthood
To extend research on workforce participation beyond age 50 by describing entire employment histories in later life and testing their links to prior life course conditions. We use data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, with retrospective information on employment histories between age 50 and 70 for 1,103 men and 1,195 women (n = 2,298). We apply sequence analysis and group respondents into eight clusters with similar histories. Using…
The Association Between Informal Caregiving and Exit From Employment Among Older Workers
This study highlights the onset of caregiving as a key period for older workers. Ensuring that caregiving responsibilities are adequately recognized and supported may help extend working life
Repeated Job Strain and the Risk of Depression
Objectives. We addressed whether repeated job strain and low work social support increase the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods. We used work characteristics from Karasek’s Job Strain model, measured on 3 occasions over 10 years in a cohort of 7732 British civil servants, to predict subsequent onset of MDD with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results. Repeated job strain was associated with increased risk of MDD (…
Trends in obesity among adults in England from 1993 to 2004 by age and social class and projections of prevalence to 2012
BACKGROUND: This study aims to project the prevalence of adult obesity to 2012 by age groups and social class, by extrapolating the prevalence trends from 1993 to 2004. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were carried out of representative samples of the general population living in households in England conducted annually (1993 to 2004). METHODS: Participants were classified as obese if their body mass index was over 30 kg/m(2). Projections of obes…
Sickness absence for psychiatric illness
Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes )
OBJECTIVES: We investigated occurrences and patterns of terrestrial nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and modelled the influence of various ecological predictors on nocturnal activity. METHODS: Data were extracted from terrestrial camera-trap footage and ecological surveys from 22 chimpanzee study sites participating in the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee. We described videos demonstrating nocturnal activity,…
Economic difficulties and common mental disorders among Finnish and British white-collar employees
BACKGROUND: In addition to conventional indicators of socioeconomic position, material conditions such as economic difficulties are associated with mental health. However, there has been little investigation of these associations. This study aims to examine the association of current economic difficulties with common mental disorders (CMD) and the contribution of social and behavioural factors to this association in two cohorts of Finnish and Bri…
Influence of change in psychosocial work characteristics on sickness absence
Objectives: To study the influence of change in self perceived psychosocial work characteristics on subsequent rates of sickness absence. Methods: Prospective cohort study of British civil service employees. Job control, job demands, and work social supports were measured in 1985/88 and in 1991/93. Analyses included 3817 British civil servants with sickness absence records at baseline (1985–89) and for two follow up periods, early (1994–95) and l…
Sickness absence in the Whitehall II study, London
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the role of social supports, social networks, and chronic stressors: (i) as predictors of sickness absence; and (ii) as potential explanations for the socioeconomic gradient in sickness absence. DESIGN--A prospective cohort study (Whitehall II study) with sociodemographic factors, health and social support measured at baseline, and spells of sickness absence measured prospectively. SETTING--Twenty London based non-…
Comparative isotope ecology of African great apes
Light drinking during pregnancy
BACKGROUND: This study examines the relationship between light drinking during pregnancy and the risk of socioemotional problems and cognitive deficits at age 5 years. METHODS: Data from the nationally representative prospective UK Millennium Cohort Study (N=11,513) were used. Participants were grouped according to mothers' reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy: never drinker; not in pregnancy; light; moderate; heavy/binge. At age 5 years…
Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for disability pension in a Swedish population
OBJECTIVE: To investigate diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for subsequent disability pension. DESIGN: A prospective population based cohort study. Exposure to a new medically certified sick leave episode of more than seven days by diagnosis during 1985 was examined in relation to incident cause-specific disability pension through 1996. PARTICIPANTS: The total non-retired population of one Swedish county aged 16 to 49 years, alive an…
Is attachment style a source of resilience against health inequalities at work
The Influence of Education and Family Background on Women's Earnings in Midlife
Studies which have investigated the influence of education on adult earnings are almost exclusively concerned with men and take little account of family influences on either education or later earnings. Those studies which have information on women's earnings focus on gender differentials rather than differences between women in opportunities and outcomes. This paper which examines the influence of education and family background on the midlife e…
Work-Family Conflict and Work Exit in Later Career Stage
FIW makes women more likely to become a homemaker at later career stage but reduces the risk of leaving work for men, which may reinforce gender inequality in work participation
Age-related trajectories of physical functioning in work and retirement
BACKGROUND: Loss of physical functioning is an early marker of declining health in older people. The objective of this study was to examine the age-related trajectories of physical functioning among those in full-time work and retirement. METHODS: Based on the Health and Retirement Study, participants who were working full-time or were in full-time retirement and 65-85 years of age during the follow-up period from 1992 to 2010 were included (n=17…
Health inequalities among British civil servants
Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence
OBJECTIVE--To describe and explain the socioeconomic gradient in sickness absence. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire and sickness absence data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study. Grade of employment was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. SETTING--20 civil service departments in London. SUBJECTS--6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Rates of short spells ( 7 days) of sickne…
Sickness absence in the Whitehall II study, London
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the role of social supports, social networks, and chronic stressors: (i) as predictors of sickness absence; and (ii) as potential explanations for the socioeconomic gradient in sickness absence. DESIGN--A prospective cohort study (Whitehall II study) with sociodemographic factors, health and social support measured at baseline, and spells of sickness absence measured prospectively. SETTING--Twenty London based non-…
Sickness absence for psychiatric illness
The Influence of Education and Family Background on Women's Earnings in Midlife
Studies which have investigated the influence of education on adult earnings are almost exclusively concerned with men and take little account of family influences on either education or later earnings. Those studies which have information on women's earnings focus on gender differentials rather than differences between women in opportunities and outcomes. This paper which examines the influence of education and family background on the midlife e…
Sickness absence as a global measure of health
Objective To examine the association between sickness absence and mortality compared with associations between established health indicators and mortality. Design Prospective cohort study. Medical examination and questionnaire survey conducted in 1985-8; sickness absence records covered the period 1985-98. Setting 20 civil service departments in London. Participants 6895 male and 3413 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. Main outcome measure A…
Organisational justice and change in justice as predictors of employee health
Objective: Organisational justice has been proposed as a new way to examine the impact of psychosocial work environment on employee health. This article studied the justice of interpersonal treatment by supervisors (the relational component of organisational justice) as a predictor of health. Design: Prospective cohort study. Phase 1 (1985–88) measured relational justice, job demands, job control, social support at work, effort-reward imbalance, …
Aircraft and road traffic noise and children's cognition and health
Ethnicity, Socio-economic Status, Overweight and Underweight in East London Adolescents
The 'epidemic' of childhood obesity observed in the UK involves adolescents from all ethnic groups, although there are some differences between ethnic groups in the prevalence of overweight. Indian males appear to be at increased risk of being overweight. There is no evidence of a simultaneous increase in underweight amongst this population overall, but Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani boys appear to be at increased risk of being underweight
Cultural identity, acculturation, and mental health among adolescents in east London’s multiethnic community
Study objective: To investigate cultural identity as a risk factor for mental health problems among adolescents. Design: A cross sectional school based population survey. Mental health problems were measured using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Pupils were classified into one of four cultural identity types on the basis of friendship and clothing choices. Setting: East London. Participants: 2623 adolescents (aged 11–14) from a repr…
Working While Ill as a Risk Factor for Serious Coronary Events
Objectives. Although sick, some people take no time off work, a phenomenon called “sickness presenteeism.” This study examined the association between sickness presenteeism and incidence of serious coronary events. Methods. The analyses were based on a cohort of 5071 male British civil servants without previous myocardial infarction. Baseline screening included measurements of health status and coronary risk factors. Absence records were assessed…
Work stress, weight gain and weight loss
Why Is Evidence on Job Strain and Coronary Heart Disease Mixed? An Illustration of Measurement Challenges in the Whitehall II Study
OBJECTIVE: Evidence regarding the status of job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) is mixed, including both results supporting the risk status and null findings. However, previous studies have typically assessed job strain at one point in time only. We examined whether the failure of such measurement to reflect long-term job strain could contribute to false null findings. METHODS: Job strain and its components, as stress ind…
Influence of change in psychosocial work characteristics on sickness absence
Objectives: To study the influence of change in self perceived psychosocial work characteristics on subsequent rates of sickness absence. Methods: Prospective cohort study of British civil service employees. Job control, job demands, and work social supports were measured in 1985/88 and in 1991/93. Analyses included 3817 British civil servants with sickness absence records at baseline (1985–89) and for two follow up periods, early (1994–95) and l…
Fatal Chimpanzee Attack in Loango National Park, Gabon
Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for disability pension in a Swedish population
OBJECTIVE: To investigate diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for subsequent disability pension. DESIGN: A prospective population based cohort study. Exposure to a new medically certified sick leave episode of more than seven days by diagnosis during 1985 was examined in relation to incident cause-specific disability pension through 1996. PARTICIPANTS: The total non-retired population of one Swedish county aged 16 to 49 years, alive an…
Is attachment style a source of resilience against health inequalities at work
Impact of Coronary Heart Disease on Health Functioning in an Aging Population
OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in the effect of coronary heart disease (CHD) on health functioning according to socioeconomic position. Research on social inequality in health has tended to concentrate on differences in disease prevalence and mortality rather than on the impact of disease on functioning. As outcomes improve for those with CHD, it is important to know how their health is affected in the long term. METHODS: The analysis uses que…
Effects on Blood Pressure Do Not Explain the Association Between Organizational Justice and Coronary Heart Disease in the Whitehall II Study
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether lower BP mediates the inverse association between organizational justice and incident coronary heart disease (CHD). Previous studies suggest lower blood pressure (BP) and reduced risk of CHD among employees with high organizational justice (the perception of being treated fairly by supervisors). METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort study of 4250 men and 1812 women free of CHD and hypertension at study entry (the …
Cultural identity, clothing and common mental disorder
Cultural identity, expressed by clothing preferences, influences mental health; the effects differ by gender and ethnic group
Associations of job strain and working overtime with adverse health behaviors and obesity
Social Inequality in Physical and Mental Health Comorbidity Dynamics
OBJECTIVE: To examine how socioeconomic position influences physical and mental health dynamics. METHODS: The Whitehall II study of civil servants collected questionnaires on six occasions from 1991/93 to 2006/07. Civil service grade measured socioeconomic position and Short Form 36 General Health Survey component scores rated physical and mental health. Bivariate growth curve models of physical and mental health over 15 years were estimated for …
Social class differences in health behaviours among employees from Britain, Finland and Japan
Economic difficulties and common mental disorders among Finnish and British white-collar employees
BACKGROUND: In addition to conventional indicators of socioeconomic position, material conditions such as economic difficulties are associated with mental health. However, there has been little investigation of these associations. This study aims to examine the association of current economic difficulties with common mental disorders (CMD) and the contribution of social and behavioural factors to this association in two cohorts of Finnish and Bri…
Diagnosis-specific sickness absence and all-cause mortality in the Gazel study
BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a risk marker for all-cause mortality. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort (the GAZEL study). Medically certified sickness absence spells >7 days for 15 diagnostic categories, 1990-1992, were examined in relation to all-cause mortality, January 1993-February 2007. The reference group for each diagnostic category was participants with no spell >7 days for that diagn…
Medicine (55 obras) · Psychology (34 obras) · Demography (31 obras) · Gerontology (30 obras) · Workplace Health and Well-being (29 obras) · Employment and Welfare Studies (26 obras) · Population (26 obras) · Environmental health (23 obras) · Psychiatry (23 obras) · Gerontology (20 obras)