Benjamin Rubbers
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 163279 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Benjamin Rubbers |
| PRENOMES | Benjamin |
| SOBRENOME | Rubbers |
| ASSINATURA | RUBBERS B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Liège |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2399-7937 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 32 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 167 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 30 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Au prisme du travail
Ce numéro d’Anthropologie & développement est issu de la 15e édition du colloque de l’Association pour une anthropologie du changement social et du développement (APAD) qui s’est tenu à Liège, en Belgique, du 22 au 24 mai 2024. Pendant ces trois journées, plus de 200 participants issus de 30 pays ont pris part aux 25 panels du programme ainsi qu’aux différentes activités prévues en marge de ceux-ci. Ces activités incluaient les conférences inaugu…
De quoi l’informel est-il le nom
La Nouvelle Revue du Travail a sollicité trois chercheurs spécialistes du travail, des travailleurs et de l’économie en Afrique subsaharienne afin de les faire dialoguer autour d’un thème central : « l’informel ». Réalité sociale, notion de sciences sociales, catégorie d’action publique, le terme « informel » apparu dans les années 1970 est principalement utilisé depuis pour décrire les économies et les mondes du travail des pays du Sud. Il fait …
Réformer l’administration publique par l’informatique. Le cas du logiciel Sigipes au Cameroun
En 2000, le gouvernement camerounais décidait d’équiper les ministères d’un nouveau logiciel informatique (le SIGIPES) pour gérer les carrières et les salaires de leurs agents. Prenant appui sur une enquête réalisée de 2016 à 2020, cet article retrace la vie sociale de cette réforme 2.0 depuis sa conception par une équipe interministérielle jusqu’à son appropriation par les utilisateurs finaux. L’analyse qu’il propose met l’accent sur la manière …
Le trafic des espèces sauvages au tribunal
Dans les années 2010, l’Ouganda fut identifié comme une plaque tournante dans le commerce illégal des produits animaux sauvages à destination de l’Asie. Pour lutter contre ce trafic, les autorités ougandaises prirent l’initiative, entre autres mesures, de créer un tribunal spécial – la « Wildlife Court » – à Kampala. Basé sur une enquête exploratoire conduite en 2023, cet article interroge les tenants et aboutissants de cette justice d’exception.…
Introduction
This introduction provides an outline of what an approach to work regulation processes beyond the formal/informal divide might look like. The first section briefly reviews the different approaches to informal economies that have been developed since the early 1970s. The second section takes a step back from this literature to draw attention to the intellectual and political weaknesses of the concept of informal economy. Building on this critique,…
Mining and the scalar transformations of the state in the Democratic Republic of Congo
This article reflects on the effects of the recent mining boom on the (trans-)formation of the state in D.R. Congo. To do so, it proposes to integrate macro- and micro- approaches to the political economy of mining into a broader analysis of the power practices of actors at different levels of the state apparatus. Taking the copper mining sector as a case study, it explores the various means by which the presidency, provincial authorities and cus…
Company brokers
Based on ethnographic research between 2016 and 2018, this article examines the role of Congolese HR managers working for the transnational companies that have developed new mining projects in DR Congo's copperbelt over the past two decades. Drawing inspiration from the anthropological literature on brokerage, the analysis proposes to study this category of middle managers as company brokers, who derive power from their ability to control access …
Governing new mining projects in D. R. Congo. A view from the HR department of a Chinese company
As in many other resource-rich African countries, the liberalization of the copper mining sector in the D. R. Congo in the 2000s has caused an influx of foreign investors who have started new mining projects. Drawing inspiration from Foucault, this article aims to shed new light on the government of such projects. To do so, it takes as a case study the HR management policy of a mining project first developed by a South African junior company and …
Mining Boom, Labour Market Segmentation and Social Inequality in the Congolese Copperbelt
The study of the impacts of new mining projects in Africa is generally set in a normative debate about their possible contribution to development, which leads to a representation of African societies as divided between beneficiaries and victims of foreign investments. Based on research in the Congolese copperbelt, this article aims to examine in more detail the inequalities generated by the recent mining boom by taking the processes of labour mar…
Regimes of Responsibility in Africa
Regimes of Responsibility in Africa
Regimes of Responsibility in Africa analyses the transformations that discourses and practices of responsibility have undergone in Africa. By doing so, this collection develops a stronger grasp of the specific political, economic and social transformations taking place today in Africa. At the same time, while focusing on case studies from the African continent, the work enters into a dialogue with the emerging corpus of studies in the field of e…
Mining towns, enclaves and spaces
At the dawn of the recent mining boom, James Ferguson has forcefully argued that new investors in Africa develop a new capital-intensive mode of production within securitized enclaves, breaking with the tradition of providing housing and social infrastructure to workers characteristic of large corporations in the 20th century. This article aims to provide a more detailed analysis of changes in mining companies' spatial government practices by ret…
Towards a life of poverty and uncertainty? The livelihood strategies of Gécamines workers after retrenchment in the DRC
In 2003, with the support of the World Bank, the Congolese state-owned enterprise Gécamines implemented a voluntary departure programme for 10,000 employees with more than 25 years of service. These employees were asked to regard their severance pay as a capital to be invested in new activities. Based on ethnographic research, this article explores how ex-Gécamines workers made a living in the phase of their ‘reintegration’. In doing so, it devel…
Beyond corruption
This chapter focuses primarily on material obtained from legal officials; interviews with and observations of lawyers and litigants are only used as background. In their strategy of 'good governance' and to make the Congo a 'state of law', foreign donors have attached crucial importance to the reform of the judicial system. All judges start their career with a legal internship of two to three years as deputy public prosecutors. At the end of thei…
Sociologie coloniale au Congo belge
Les premières recherches universitaires en sciences sociales sur le bassin industriel et urbain du Katanga, au Congo belge, apparurent dans les années 1950, en même temps que celles du Rhodes-Livingstone Institute ou de l’Institut français en Afrique noire. Quelles conditions ont présidé à l’émergence de ces recherches et à leur formulation du développement social dans le colonialisme belge tardif ? Dans quelle mesure ont-elles contribué à renouv…
Real Governance and Practical Norms in Sub-Saharan Africa
SCOPUS: ch.b
Entre opposition et participation, les syndicats face aux réformes en Afrique
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
When Women Support the Patriarchal Family
Based on ethnographic research among the ex-Gécamines workers of Panda (Likasi, DR Congo), this article studies the dynamics of the spousal relationship in a post-industrial context that has been long characterized by paternalism. The results of this research suggest that, though men and women living in this mining community talk about their spousal relationships by invoking the ideal of Christian marriage promoted during the colonial period, in …
Les sociétés africaines face aux investissements miniers
Interrogés sur leur perception de l’aide et de ses effets sur l’État et la société, les cadres nigériens impliqués dans l’aide, sa négociation ou sa mise en œuvre mettent en avant l’affaiblissement des administrations et la perte de projet politique. La notion « d’appropriation » de la Déclaration de Paris est controversée, les évolutions des pratiques correspondent plus à une réduction des effets pervers les plus massifs de la multiplication des…
Why do Congolese People go to Court? A Qualitative Study of Litigants’ Experiences in Two Justice of the Peace Courts in Lubumbashi
Although Justice of the Peace (JP) courts did not escape the general deterioration of Congolese administrative structures, Congolese people continue to use these courts to resolve their conflicts. Based on qualitative research carried out in Lubumbashi, this article attempts to understand why people bring their cases to the JP court. How do litigants make that decision in the first place? Once their cases are underway, how do they deal with the t…
Hilgers, Mathieu. — Une ethnographie à l’échelle de la ville
L’objectif de ce livre est, comme l’indique le titre, de construire une ethnographie à l’échelle de la ville en partant du cas de Koudougou au Burkina Faso. La thèse de l’auteur peut se résumer facilement : la ville de Koudougou forme un collectif d’appartenance, une notion proche de celle de « communauté imaginée » ; celui-ci est construit autour de trois axes de représentation, à savoir l’urbanité, l’autochtonie et la réputation de la ville dan…
Claiming workers' rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Within the context of its strategy for the reform of public companies in Africa, the World Bank became involved in redundancies of questionable legality. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, for example, the Bank arranged and financed a voluntary severance programme in 2003, whereby 10,000 employees of the mining company Gécamines, some 45% of its workforce, left in return for an arbitrarily fixed lump-sum payment. Based on ethnographic research,…
We, the Congolese, we cannot trust each other’. Trust, norms and relations among traders in Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo 1
Congolese traders in Katanga claim that they cannot trust their peers, customers, and employees. Existing literature about social capital in Africa does not enhance our understanding, as it tends to consider trust as depending on the degree of social knowledge. In the Congo, social proximity does not exclude suspicion, nor does social distance necessarily prevent trust. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article aims at developing a more detai…
La Coopération Universitaire Belgo-Congolaise
Les universités francophones de Belgique ont développé depuis 1999 un important programme de coopération avec l’Université de Lubumbashi. En nous basant sur notre expérience personnelle, nous dégagerons les ressorts à l’origine de cette collaboration en resituant la logique des partenaires belges et congolais dans leur arène locale respective. Ensuite, nous étudierons la façon dont les acteurs évaluent, de chaque côté de l’interface, cette coopér…
Manuel de l’ethnographe, F. Weber
Ce livre rassemble des articles, des entretiens, des interventions orales et des notes de lecture rédigés par Florence Weber, avec d’autres auteurs pour certains textes, entre 1978 et 2002. Ces écrits de longueur variable, de 2 à 37 pages, sont classés en cinq parties : (1) l’auto-analyse ; (2) l’ethnologie, l’histoire et les statistiques ; (3) appartenances ; (4) classes sociales et politique ; et (5) les frontières du marché. Au vu de cette tab…
Real Governance and Practical Norms in Sub-Saharan Africa
SCOPUS: ch.b
Mining towns, enclaves and spaces
At the dawn of the recent mining boom, James Ferguson has forcefully argued that new investors in Africa develop a new capital-intensive mode of production within securitized enclaves, breaking with the tradition of providing housing and social infrastructure to workers characteristic of large corporations in the 20th century. This article aims to provide a more detailed analysis of changes in mining companies' spatial government practices by ret…
We, the Congolese, we cannot trust each other’. Trust, norms and relations among traders in Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo 1
Congolese traders in Katanga claim that they cannot trust their peers, customers, and employees. Existing literature about social capital in Africa does not enhance our understanding, as it tends to consider trust as depending on the degree of social knowledge. In the Congo, social proximity does not exclude suspicion, nor does social distance necessarily prevent trust. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article aims at developing a more detai…
L'effondrement de la Générale des Carrières et des Mines
peer reviewed
Towards a life of poverty and uncertainty? The livelihood strategies of Gécamines workers after retrenchment in the DRC
In 2003, with the support of the World Bank, the Congolese state-owned enterprise Gécamines implemented a voluntary departure programme for 10,000 employees with more than 25 years of service. These employees were asked to regard their severance pay as a capital to be invested in new activities. Based on ethnographic research, this article explores how ex-Gécamines workers made a living in the phase of their ‘reintegration’. In doing so, it devel…
When Women Support the Patriarchal Family
Based on ethnographic research among the ex-Gécamines workers of Panda (Likasi, DR Congo), this article studies the dynamics of the spousal relationship in a post-industrial context that has been long characterized by paternalism. The results of this research suggest that, though men and women living in this mining community talk about their spousal relationships by invoking the ideal of Christian marriage promoted during the colonial period, in …
Claiming workers' rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Within the context of its strategy for the reform of public companies in Africa, the World Bank became involved in redundancies of questionable legality. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, for example, the Bank arranged and financed a voluntary severance programme in 2003, whereby 10,000 employees of the mining company Gécamines, some 45% of its workforce, left in return for an arbitrarily fixed lump-sum payment. Based on ethnographic research,…
Les sociétés africaines face aux investissements miniers
Interrogés sur leur perception de l’aide et de ses effets sur l’État et la société, les cadres nigériens impliqués dans l’aide, sa négociation ou sa mise en œuvre mettent en avant l’affaiblissement des administrations et la perte de projet politique. La notion « d’appropriation » de la Déclaration de Paris est controversée, les évolutions des pratiques correspondent plus à une réduction des effets pervers les plus massifs de la multiplication des…
L'effondrement de la Générale des Carrières et des Mines
Comment interpréter l'effondrement inattendu de la Générale des Carrières et des Mines (Gécamines), une entreprise minière autrefois si importante pour l'économie congolaise ? Au lieu de revenir une nouvelle fois sur la prédation du régime de Mobutu et sur la « crise » économique qui frappe le pays, cet article s'intéresse à la dynamique interne de la société en la saisissant dans son univers social propre. Ce faisant, il explique comment a été n…
Mining Boom, Labour Market Segmentation and Social Inequality in the Congolese Copperbelt
The study of the impacts of new mining projects in Africa is generally set in a normative debate about their possible contribution to development, which leads to a representation of African societies as divided between beneficiaries and victims of foreign investments. Based on research in the Congolese copperbelt, this article aims to examine in more detail the inequalities generated by the recent mining boom by taking the processes of labour mar…
La dislocation du secteur minier au Katanga (RDC)
Autrefois dominé par un monopole public, le secteur minier katangais voit apparaître au cours des années 1990 de nouveaux acteurs, qui opèrent une reconfiguration du capitalisme local dans son rapport à l'État et à l'économie globale. Contrairement à la démarche qui consiste à juger de la légalité ou non de leurs activités, cet article se propose de suivre leur trajectoire dans l'histoire récente du Katanga, afin de mieux évaluer leur rôle dans l…
Entre opposition et participation, les syndicats face aux réformes en Afrique
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Company brokers
Based on ethnographic research between 2016 and 2018, this article examines the role of Congolese HR managers working for the transnational companies that have developed new mining projects in DR Congo's copperbelt over the past two decades. Drawing inspiration from the anthropological literature on brokerage, the analysis proposes to study this category of middle managers as company brokers, who derive power from their ability to control access …
The story of a tragedy
In order to give an account of the Congolese tragedy since independence, the inhabitants of Haut-Katanga often resort to four different narratives: the abandonment by Belgium; the biblical curse on Africans; the conspiracy of Western capitalism; or the alienation of life powers by Whites. Though these four stories offer different scenarios, they are all constructed with two types of actors - Whites and Congolese people. This article suggests that…
Introduction
This introduction provides an outline of what an approach to work regulation processes beyond the formal/informal divide might look like. The first section briefly reviews the different approaches to informal economies that have been developed since the early 1970s. The second section takes a step back from this literature to draw attention to the intellectual and political weaknesses of the concept of informal economy. Building on this critique,…
Mining and the scalar transformations of the state in the Democratic Republic of Congo
This article reflects on the effects of the recent mining boom on the (trans-)formation of the state in D.R. Congo. To do so, it proposes to integrate macro- and micro- approaches to the political economy of mining into a broader analysis of the power practices of actors at different levels of the state apparatus. Taking the copper mining sector as a case study, it explores the various means by which the presidency, provincial authorities and cus…
Les mesures de la dissimulation
Cet article propose une reflexion sur les problemes de methode que rencontre un anthropologue dans l’etude des pratiques economiques en Republique Democratique du Congo. Il se livre a un examen critique des contraintes que le contexte sociologique impose a l’emploi de differentes techniques de collecte de donnees : l’exploitation des sources documentaires, l’administration de questionnaires, l’observation et l’entretien. Ainsi est mis en evidence…
La dislocation du secteur minier au Katanga (RDC)
Autrefois dominé par un monopole public, le secteur minier katangais voit apparaître au cours des années 1990 de nouveaux acteurs, qui opèrent une reconfiguration du capitalisme local dans son rapport à l'État et à l'économie globale. Contrairement à la démarche qui consiste à juger de la légalité ou non de leurs activités, cet article se propose de suivre leur trajectoire dans l'histoire récente du Katanga, afin de mieux évaluer leur rôle dans l…
The University of Lubumbashi between the Local and the Global
peer reviewed
L'effondrement de la Générale des Carrières et des Mines
Comment interpréter l'effondrement inattendu de la Générale des Carrières et des Mines (Gécamines), une entreprise minière autrefois si importante pour l'économie congolaise ? Au lieu de revenir une nouvelle fois sur la prédation du régime de Mobutu et sur la « crise » économique qui frappe le pays, cet article s'intéresse à la dynamique interne de la société en la saisissant dans son univers social propre. Ce faisant, il explique comment a été n…
L'effondrement de la Générale des Carrières et des Mines
peer reviewed
Les mesures de la dissimulation
Cet article propose une reflexion sur les problemes de methode que rencontre un anthropologue dans l’etude des pratiques economiques en Republique Democratique du Congo. Il se livre a un examen critique des contraintes que le contexte sociologique impose a l’emploi de differentes techniques de collecte de donnees : l’exploitation des sources documentaires, l’administration de questionnaires, l’observation et l’entretien. Ainsi est mis en evidence…
Entre collaboration et confrontation
Basé sur des recherches de terrain, cet article tâche de comprendre l’ambivalence de la relation entre les pouvoirs publics et les enfants de la rue à Lubumbashi, en République Démocratique du Congo. Pour ce faire, il analyse tour à tour les discours et les pratiques des autorités administratives, des policiers et des enfants de la rue en tâchant de faire ressortir la dynamique de leurs rapports sociaux au quotidien. Il révèle ainsi la marge de l…
We, the Congolese, we cannot trust each other’. Trust, norms and relations among traders in Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo 1
Congolese traders in Katanga claim that they cannot trust their peers, customers, and employees. Existing literature about social capital in Africa does not enhance our understanding, as it tends to consider trust as depending on the degree of social knowledge. In the Congo, social proximity does not exclude suspicion, nor does social distance necessarily prevent trust. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article aims at developing a more detai…
La Coopération Universitaire Belgo-Congolaise
Les universités francophones de Belgique ont développé depuis 1999 un important programme de coopération avec l’Université de Lubumbashi. En nous basant sur notre expérience personnelle, nous dégagerons les ressorts à l’origine de cette collaboration en resituant la logique des partenaires belges et congolais dans leur arène locale respective. Ensuite, nous étudierons la façon dont les acteurs évaluent, de chaque côté de l’interface, cette coopér…
The story of a tragedy
In order to give an account of the Congolese tragedy since independence, the inhabitants of Haut-Katanga often resort to four different narratives: the abandonment by Belgium; the biblical curse on Africans; the conspiracy of Western capitalism; or the alienation of life powers by Whites. Though these four stories offer different scenarios, they are all constructed with two types of actors - Whites and Congolese people. This article suggests that…
Claiming workers' rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Within the context of its strategy for the reform of public companies in Africa, the World Bank became involved in redundancies of questionable legality. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, for example, the Bank arranged and financed a voluntary severance programme in 2003, whereby 10,000 employees of the mining company Gécamines, some 45% of its workforce, left in return for an arbitrarily fixed lump-sum payment. Based on ethnographic research,…
Why do Congolese People go to Court? A Qualitative Study of Litigants’ Experiences in Two Justice of the Peace Courts in Lubumbashi
Although Justice of the Peace (JP) courts did not escape the general deterioration of Congolese administrative structures, Congolese people continue to use these courts to resolve their conflicts. Based on qualitative research carried out in Lubumbashi, this article attempts to understand why people bring their cases to the JP court. How do litigants make that decision in the first place? Once their cases are underway, how do they deal with the t…
Hilgers, Mathieu. — Une ethnographie à l’échelle de la ville
L’objectif de ce livre est, comme l’indique le titre, de construire une ethnographie à l’échelle de la ville en partant du cas de Koudougou au Burkina Faso. La thèse de l’auteur peut se résumer facilement : la ville de Koudougou forme un collectif d’appartenance, une notion proche de celle de « communauté imaginée » ; celui-ci est construit autour de trois axes de représentation, à savoir l’urbanité, l’autochtonie et la réputation de la ville dan…
Les sociétés africaines face aux investissements miniers
Interrogés sur leur perception de l’aide et de ses effets sur l’État et la société, les cadres nigériens impliqués dans l’aide, sa négociation ou sa mise en œuvre mettent en avant l’affaiblissement des administrations et la perte de projet politique. La notion « d’appropriation » de la Déclaration de Paris est controversée, les évolutions des pratiques correspondent plus à une réduction des effets pervers les plus massifs de la multiplication des…
Beyond corruption
This chapter focuses primarily on material obtained from legal officials; interviews with and observations of lawyers and litigants are only used as background. In their strategy of 'good governance' and to make the Congo a 'state of law', foreign donors have attached crucial importance to the reform of the judicial system. All judges start their career with a legal internship of two to three years as deputy public prosecutors. At the end of thei…
Sociologie coloniale au Congo belge
Les premières recherches universitaires en sciences sociales sur le bassin industriel et urbain du Katanga, au Congo belge, apparurent dans les années 1950, en même temps que celles du Rhodes-Livingstone Institute ou de l’Institut français en Afrique noire. Quelles conditions ont présidé à l’émergence de ces recherches et à leur formulation du développement social dans le colonialisme belge tardif ? Dans quelle mesure ont-elles contribué à renouv…
Real Governance and Practical Norms in Sub-Saharan Africa
SCOPUS: ch.b
Entre opposition et participation, les syndicats face aux réformes en Afrique
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
When Women Support the Patriarchal Family
Based on ethnographic research among the ex-Gécamines workers of Panda (Likasi, DR Congo), this article studies the dynamics of the spousal relationship in a post-industrial context that has been long characterized by paternalism. The results of this research suggest that, though men and women living in this mining community talk about their spousal relationships by invoking the ideal of Christian marriage promoted during the colonial period, in …
Towards a life of poverty and uncertainty? The livelihood strategies of Gécamines workers after retrenchment in the DRC
In 2003, with the support of the World Bank, the Congolese state-owned enterprise Gécamines implemented a voluntary departure programme for 10,000 employees with more than 25 years of service. These employees were asked to regard their severance pay as a capital to be invested in new activities. Based on ethnographic research, this article explores how ex-Gécamines workers made a living in the phase of their ‘reintegration’. In doing so, it devel…
Mining towns, enclaves and spaces
At the dawn of the recent mining boom, James Ferguson has forcefully argued that new investors in Africa develop a new capital-intensive mode of production within securitized enclaves, breaking with the tradition of providing housing and social infrastructure to workers characteristic of large corporations in the 20th century. This article aims to provide a more detailed analysis of changes in mining companies' spatial government practices by ret…
Regimes of Responsibility in Africa
Regimes of Responsibility in Africa
Regimes of Responsibility in Africa analyses the transformations that discourses and practices of responsibility have undergone in Africa. By doing so, this collection develops a stronger grasp of the specific political, economic and social transformations taking place today in Africa. At the same time, while focusing on case studies from the African continent, the work enters into a dialogue with the emerging corpus of studies in the field of e…
Governing new mining projects in D. R. Congo. A view from the HR department of a Chinese company
As in many other resource-rich African countries, the liberalization of the copper mining sector in the D. R. Congo in the 2000s has caused an influx of foreign investors who have started new mining projects. Drawing inspiration from Foucault, this article aims to shed new light on the government of such projects. To do so, it takes as a case study the HR management policy of a mining project first developed by a South African junior company and …
Mining Boom, Labour Market Segmentation and Social Inequality in the Congolese Copperbelt
The study of the impacts of new mining projects in Africa is generally set in a normative debate about their possible contribution to development, which leads to a representation of African societies as divided between beneficiaries and victims of foreign investments. Based on research in the Congolese copperbelt, this article aims to examine in more detail the inequalities generated by the recent mining boom by taking the processes of labour mar…
Mining and the scalar transformations of the state in the Democratic Republic of Congo
This article reflects on the effects of the recent mining boom on the (trans-)formation of the state in D.R. Congo. To do so, it proposes to integrate macro- and micro- approaches to the political economy of mining into a broader analysis of the power practices of actors at different levels of the state apparatus. Taking the copper mining sector as a case study, it explores the various means by which the presidency, provincial authorities and cus…
Political science (25 obras) · Sociology (13 obras) · Humanities (10 obras) · Art (8 obras) · Law (8 obras) · African Studies and Ethnography (7 obras) · Economics (7 obras) · Mining and Resource Management (7 obras) · Politics (7 obras) · Law (6 obras)