R Scott Tindale
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1660593 |
|---|---|
| NOME | R Scott Tindale |
| PRENOMES | R Scott |
| SOBRENOME | Tindale |
| ASSINATURA | TINDALE R S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Loyola University Chicago |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4218-535X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 31 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 138 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 27 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 4 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1984 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Stereotypic morality
Today’s modern world affords many benefits, one of which is the ability to have near-instantaneous interactions with groups and cultures other than our own. Though advantageous in many situations, one challenge for these groups is navigating what they perceive to be right and wrong in a cooperative manner despite having different modes of morality. Moral foundations theory holds groups use the same moral foundations to guide their judgments and d…
Advice taking by groups
Individuals often underutilize the advice they receive from others, a phenomenon known as egocentric advice discounting. Recent research suggests that this tendency may be even stronger in groups (Minson & Mueller, 2012; Schultze, Mojzisch, & Schulz-Hardt, 2019). Using a quantity estimation task, we tested five hypotheses about advice taking by groups and individuals. Chief among these is that groups will discount advice more than individuals do …
Group decision-making from an evolutionary/adaptationist perspective
Over the 20 years that Group Processes & Intergroup Relations has been in existence, evolutionary theory has begun to play a larger role in our understanding of human social behavior. Theory and research on group decision-making is no exception and the present paper attempts to briefly highlight how an evolutionary/adaptationist perspective has informed our understanding of how groups reach consensus and make collective choices. In addition, we a…
Evolutionary Group Dynamics
Scientific inquiry on how groups decide
This special issue of GPIR is a tribute to the many contributions to the scientific study of group processes made by James H. Davis, who died on November 16, 2010. In this brief introductory piece, we will provide a bit of background on Jim’s life and work, describe his characteristic method of inquiry, which we might term the Davisonian approach, and preview the papers in this issue, each of which illustrate aspects of that Davisonian approach a…
Good and bad group performance
Much of the research on small group performance shows that groups tend to outperform individuals in most task domains. However, there is also evidence that groups sometimes perform worse than individuals, occasionally with severe negative consequences. Theoretical attempts to explain such negative performance events have tended to point to characteristics of the group or the group process that were different than those found for better performing…
Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology
Abuse Characteristics and Coping Resources as Predictors of Problem-Focused Coping Strategies Among Battered Women
The current study examines the predictors of three types of problem-focused coping strategies (i.e., amount of help seeking, pursuing an order of protection, and staying away from the abuser) among battered women. Predictor variables are categorized as abuse characteristics and three types of coping resources (i.e., personal, material, and social coping resources). Data from the Chicago Women's Health Risk Study (N=478) are used. Results show tha…
Framing of Majority and Minority Source Information in Persuasion
Information about source consensus may either create expectancies of message validity that bias subsequent processing, or may determine the amount of message processing. The authors propose that which of the two effects occurs depends on the framing of consensus information. Undergraduates (N = 242) read strong, ambiguous, or weak arguments on an issue; the source was framed as either knowledgeable or similar to participants; source consensus was…
Accentuation of information processes and biases in group judgments integrating base-rate and case-specific information
Conflict Within and Between Groups
Group and Intergroup Processes
International audience
Group Performance and Decision Making
Theory and research on small group performance and decision making is reviewed. Recent trends in group performance research have found that process gains as well as losses are possible, and both are frequently explained by situational and procedural contexts that differentially affect motivation and resource coordination. Research has continued on classic topics (e.g., brainstorming, group goal setting, stress, and group performance) and relative…
Evolutionary/Adaptive Thinking as a Meta-theory for Systematic Group Research
Social sharing and risk reduction
Procedural and Agenda Effects on Political Decisions by Small Groups
Theory and Research on Small Groups
Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology
This handbook provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social psychology of group processes. The topics covered include group decisions, juries, group remembering, roles, status, leadership, social identity and group membership, socialization, group performance, negotiation and bargaining, emotion and mood, computer-mediated communication, organizations and mental health. • Provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social…
The Social Psychology of Politics
Shared Information, Cognitive Load, and Group Memory
One of the key findings concerning how groups process information is the ‘common knowledge effect’—information shared by many group members plays a larger role in group process and performance than unshared information. However, in an information rich environment, assigning all information to all members may overload each member’s cognitive capabilities. Thus, the question addressed here is how to optimally assign information to group members. Fo…
Social Sharedness’ as a Unifying Theme for Information Processing in Groups
Although much of the research on small groups in social psychology has emphasized cognitive, information-processing tasks (decision-making and problem solving), only recently have groups been conceptualized as information-processing systems. Partially due to this new conceptualization, group research is on the rise, yet much of this research is discipline specific. Few attempts have been made to integrate this research to provide common themes or…
Investment Decisions by Individuals and Groups in `Sunk Cost' Situations
Past research has shown that individuals prefer to continue investing resources into a failing endeavor once a considerable investment has been made, even when abandoning the project would be more rational economically. This phenomenon has been labeled the sunk cost effect (Arkes & Blumer, 1985). Since investment decisions are often made by groups, we compared individual and group propensities for falling prey to the sunk cost effect. We also var…
The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processes
The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors
A selective review of research highlights the emerging view of groups as information processors. In this review, the authors include research on processing objectives, attention, encoding, storage, retrieval, processing, response, feedback, and learning in small interacting task groups. The groups as information processors perspective underscores several characteristic dimensions of variability in group performance of cognitive tasks, namely, com…
Shared Representations and Asymmetric Social Influence Processes in Small Groups
There are two basic theoretical assumptions that guide the interpretations of the various findings discussed in this chapter. The first serves as the cornerstone of Davis’ (1973) social decision scheme theory and has played an important role in small-group research since the early work of Lorge and Solomon (1955) and Taylor (1954). Social decision scheme theory starts with the assumption that small-group interaction can be seen as a combinatorial…
The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors
A selective review of research highlights the emerging view of groups as information processors. In this review, the authors include research on processing objectives, attention, encoding, storage, retrieval, processing, response, feedback, and learning in small interacting task groups. The groups as information processors perspective underscores several characteristic dimensions of variability in group performance of cognitive tasks, namely, com…
Social Sharedness’ as a Unifying Theme for Information Processing in Groups
Although much of the research on small groups in social psychology has emphasized cognitive, information-processing tasks (decision-making and problem solving), only recently have groups been conceptualized as information-processing systems. Partially due to this new conceptualization, group research is on the rise, yet much of this research is discipline specific. Few attempts have been made to integrate this research to provide common themes or…
Asymmetrical social influence in freely interacting groups
Using freely interacting mock juries, this study tested the predictions of 3 different models of social influence: social impact theory, the other-total ratio, and the social influence model. All 3 models use faction size as the basis for their predictions. On the basis of the predeliberation verdict preferences of 879 female students, groups were composed using all possible nonunanimous verdict compositions (e.g., 5 members for 1 for not guilty,…
Abuse Characteristics and Coping Resources as Predictors of Problem-Focused Coping Strategies Among Battered Women
The current study examines the predictors of three types of problem-focused coping strategies (i.e., amount of help seeking, pursuing an order of protection, and staying away from the abuser) among battered women. Predictor variables are categorized as abuse characteristics and three types of coping resources (i.e., personal, material, and social coping resources). Data from the Chicago Women's Health Risk Study (N=478) are used. Results show tha…
Shared Information, Cognitive Load, and Group Memory
One of the key findings concerning how groups process information is the ‘common knowledge effect’—information shared by many group members plays a larger role in group process and performance than unshared information. However, in an information rich environment, assigning all information to all members may overload each member’s cognitive capabilities. Thus, the question addressed here is how to optimally assign information to group members. Fo…
Investment Decisions by Individuals and Groups in `Sunk Cost' Situations
Past research has shown that individuals prefer to continue investing resources into a failing endeavor once a considerable investment has been made, even when abandoning the project would be more rational economically. This phenomenon has been labeled the sunk cost effect (Arkes & Blumer, 1985). Since investment decisions are often made by groups, we compared individual and group propensities for falling prey to the sunk cost effect. We also var…
The influence of the accuracy of individuating information on the use of base rate information in probability judgment
Accentuation of information processes and biases in group judgments integrating base-rate and case-specific information
Shared Representations and Asymmetric Social Influence Processes in Small Groups
There are two basic theoretical assumptions that guide the interpretations of the various findings discussed in this chapter. The first serves as the cornerstone of Davis’ (1973) social decision scheme theory and has played an important role in small-group research since the early work of Lorge and Solomon (1955) and Taylor (1954). Social decision scheme theory starts with the assumption that small-group interaction can be seen as a combinatorial…
Good and bad group performance
Much of the research on small group performance shows that groups tend to outperform individuals in most task domains. However, there is also evidence that groups sometimes perform worse than individuals, occasionally with severe negative consequences. Theoretical attempts to explain such negative performance events have tended to point to characteristics of the group or the group process that were different than those found for better performing…
Reasons for the trend toward null findings in research on Type A behavior
The findings of many studies conducted before 1978 suggest that Type A behavior (TAB) contributes to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). In contrast, many recent studies have found no association between these variables. Through meta-analysis, several reasons for null findings are identified. First, a type of range restriction bias, disease-based spectrum (DBS) bias, produced many null findings. A study is vulnerable to DBS bias when…
Framing of Majority and Minority Source Information in Persuasion
Information about source consensus may either create expectancies of message validity that bias subsequent processing, or may determine the amount of message processing. The authors propose that which of the two effects occurs depends on the framing of consensus information. Undergraduates (N = 242) read strong, ambiguous, or weak arguments on an issue; the source was framed as either knowledgeable or similar to participants; source consensus was…
The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processes
Individual and group reward allocation decisions in two situational contexts
Scientific inquiry on how groups decide
This special issue of GPIR is a tribute to the many contributions to the scientific study of group processes made by James H. Davis, who died on November 16, 2010. In this brief introductory piece, we will provide a bit of background on Jim’s life and work, describe his characteristic method of inquiry, which we might term the Davisonian approach, and preview the papers in this issue, each of which illustrate aspects of that Davisonian approach a…
Evolutionary/Adaptive Thinking as a Meta-theory for Systematic Group Research
Order effects in multiple decisions by groups
We assessed the effects of the order in which groups undertake different tasks in a multitask situation, using mock juries. Subjects watched a videotaped enactment of a criminal trial involving three joined charges and then, either individually or as members of six-person groups, decided on the guilt or innocence of the defendant on all three charges in one of three orders: descending seriousness, ascending seriousness, or no specified order. The…
Order effects in multiple decisions by groups
We assessed the effects of the order in which groups undertake different tasks in a multitask situation, using mock juries. Subjects watched a videotaped enactment of a criminal trial involving three joined charges and then, either individually or as members of six-person groups, decided on the guilt or innocence of the defendant on all three charges in one of three orders: descending seriousness, ascending seriousness, or no specified order. The…
Individual and group reward allocation decisions in two situational contexts
The influence of the accuracy of individuating information on the use of base rate information in probability judgment
Asymmetrical social influence in freely interacting groups
Using freely interacting mock juries, this study tested the predictions of 3 different models of social influence: social impact theory, the other-total ratio, and the social influence model. All 3 models use faction size as the basis for their predictions. On the basis of the predeliberation verdict preferences of 879 female students, groups were composed using all possible nonunanimous verdict compositions (e.g., 5 members for 1 for not guilty,…
Reasons for the trend toward null findings in research on Type A behavior
The findings of many studies conducted before 1978 suggest that Type A behavior (TAB) contributes to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). In contrast, many recent studies have found no association between these variables. Through meta-analysis, several reasons for null findings are identified. First, a type of range restriction bias, disease-based spectrum (DBS) bias, produced many null findings. A study is vulnerable to DBS bias when…
Methodological Issues in Applied Social Psychology
The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processes
The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors
A selective review of research highlights the emerging view of groups as information processors. In this review, the authors include research on processing objectives, attention, encoding, storage, retrieval, processing, response, feedback, and learning in small interacting task groups. The groups as information processors perspective underscores several characteristic dimensions of variability in group performance of cognitive tasks, namely, com…
Investment Decisions by Individuals and Groups in `Sunk Cost' Situations
Past research has shown that individuals prefer to continue investing resources into a failing endeavor once a considerable investment has been made, even when abandoning the project would be more rational economically. This phenomenon has been labeled the sunk cost effect (Arkes & Blumer, 1985). Since investment decisions are often made by groups, we compared individual and group propensities for falling prey to the sunk cost effect. We also var…
Social Sharedness’ as a Unifying Theme for Information Processing in Groups
Although much of the research on small groups in social psychology has emphasized cognitive, information-processing tasks (decision-making and problem solving), only recently have groups been conceptualized as information-processing systems. Partially due to this new conceptualization, group research is on the rise, yet much of this research is discipline specific. Few attempts have been made to integrate this research to provide common themes or…
Social sharing and risk reduction
Procedural and Agenda Effects on Political Decisions by Small Groups
Theory and Research on Small Groups
Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology
This handbook provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social psychology of group processes. The topics covered include group decisions, juries, group remembering, roles, status, leadership, social identity and group membership, socialization, group performance, negotiation and bargaining, emotion and mood, computer-mediated communication, organizations and mental health. • Provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social…
The Social Psychology of Politics
Shared Information, Cognitive Load, and Group Memory
One of the key findings concerning how groups process information is the ‘common knowledge effect’—information shared by many group members plays a larger role in group process and performance than unshared information. However, in an information rich environment, assigning all information to all members may overload each member’s cognitive capabilities. Thus, the question addressed here is how to optimally assign information to group members. Fo…
Group Performance and Decision Making
Theory and research on small group performance and decision making is reviewed. Recent trends in group performance research have found that process gains as well as losses are possible, and both are frequently explained by situational and procedural contexts that differentially affect motivation and resource coordination. Research has continued on classic topics (e.g., brainstorming, group goal setting, stress, and group performance) and relative…
Evolutionary/Adaptive Thinking as a Meta-theory for Systematic Group Research
Conflict Within and Between Groups
Group and Intergroup Processes
International audience
Accentuation of information processes and biases in group judgments integrating base-rate and case-specific information
Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology
Abuse Characteristics and Coping Resources as Predictors of Problem-Focused Coping Strategies Among Battered Women
The current study examines the predictors of three types of problem-focused coping strategies (i.e., amount of help seeking, pursuing an order of protection, and staying away from the abuser) among battered women. Predictor variables are categorized as abuse characteristics and three types of coping resources (i.e., personal, material, and social coping resources). Data from the Chicago Women's Health Risk Study (N=478) are used. Results show tha…
Framing of Majority and Minority Source Information in Persuasion
Information about source consensus may either create expectancies of message validity that bias subsequent processing, or may determine the amount of message processing. The authors propose that which of the two effects occurs depends on the framing of consensus information. Undergraduates (N = 242) read strong, ambiguous, or weak arguments on an issue; the source was framed as either knowledgeable or similar to participants; source consensus was…
Scientific inquiry on how groups decide
This special issue of GPIR is a tribute to the many contributions to the scientific study of group processes made by James H. Davis, who died on November 16, 2010. In this brief introductory piece, we will provide a bit of background on Jim’s life and work, describe his characteristic method of inquiry, which we might term the Davisonian approach, and preview the papers in this issue, each of which illustrate aspects of that Davisonian approach a…
Psychology (30 obras) · Social Psychology (24 obras) · Social Psychology (16 obras) · Computer Science (13 obras) · Cognitive psychology (11 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (11 obras) · Group (periodic table (9 obras) · Team Dynamics and Performance (9 obras) · Epistemology (8 obras) · Sociology (8 obras)