Ianir Milevski
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 168015 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Ianir Milevski |
| PRENOMES | Ianir |
| SOBRENOME | Milevski |
| ASSINATURA | MILEVSKI I |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Israel Antiquities Authority |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3693-4089 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 62 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 125 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 61 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1994 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Excavations at Ramot Be’er Sheva‘, Site 47
Epipaleolithic Remains at Tel Barukh (Naḥal Aḥiyya)
Er-Rujum (Sha‘alabim East)
At the site of Er-Rujum, located on the western slopes of the Ramallah Anticline in the northern part of the Ayyalon Valley, an Intermediate Bronze Age site was discovered below Ottoman-period rujums. The architecture at the site comprised broadrooms, with a central space and passages between them, demonstrating similarities with other Intermediate Bronze Age buildings excavated in the Jordan Valley and the Judean Hills. The finds at the site inc…
Abu Ghosh, Jasmine Street
The excavations at Abu Ghosh revealed two phases dated to the Pre-Ghassulian period, between the end of the sixth millennium and the mid-fifth millenium BCE. Three archaeological-sedimentary layers were identified at the site: Layer I—topsoil, Layer II—possibly EB I, and Layer III—Pre-Ghassulian. The architecture of Layer III consisted of rectilinear units, with apparent passages and entrances between them, whose walls were built on stone foundat…
The Ground Stone Tools from Tel Bet Yeraḥ
A total of 19 ground stone artifacts were recovered from Tel Bet Yeraḥ. Nearly all were made of basalt, while some mortars and perforated stones were made of limestone; one item, a rubbing stone, was made of pumice. Although small, the ground stone tool assemblage conforms with previous observations at this EB II and III site
Researching Chalcolithic Ivories from the Southern Levant
The Late Chalcolithic period in the Southern Levant, mainly the Ghassulian culture (mid-fifth–mid-fourth millennia BCE), heralded a new and unique trajectory in craft specialization, with ivory objects, including figurines, tools and vessels, among the outstanding ones. Hippopotamus and elephant ivory, probably of varied geographic provenience, were the raw materials employed. This paper presents two recently excavated ivory caches from the Late …
The Hebrew Ostraca from Site 94/21, Cave A-2, at Ramat Bet Shemesh
An Iron Age C cave, probably a cellar, was excavated some 400 m southwest of Ḥorbat Zanoaḥ. The cave, which yielded pottery dating between the end of the seventh and the beginning of the sixth centuries BCE, included three ostraca. The letters on the inscribed sherds were poorly preserved. Most of the legible personal names are typical of Judah at the end of the First Temple period, which is corroborated by the script as well. The ostraca shed li…
The Emergence of Worship and Religion in the Neolithic Period
Evidence of worship and religion in the form of architectural remains is rather scanty before the shift in human behavior, from hunter-gatherers to sedentary communities, and the emergence of permanent settlements. Communal and ritual structures first appeared in the Natufian culture (12,500–9400 BCE) and expanded during the Neolithic period (9400–5300 BCE), alongside the treatment of burials linked to ritual related to ancestor worship. The exca…
A Newly Excavated Tumulus in the Refa’im Valley, Jerusalem
Beisamun
The excavation was conducted along the western fringes of the site of Beisamun. Three areas were opened (Areas A–C), revealing four layers. Layer I, the upper layer, is a dark brown clayey soil, which contained few archaeological finds. Layer II is a gray-brown clayey soil, rich in organic material and ash—most of the artifacts and architectural remains, dating to the Pottery Neolithic, were found in this layer. Layer III (in Area C) was rich in …
The Late Chalcolithic site of Yavne East
Gaia Cecconi, גאיה צ'קוני, غايا تشيكّوني, Pablo Betzer, פבלו בצר, بابلو بتسر, Daniel Varga, דניאל ורגה, دانيئيل فَرْغَا, Ianir Milevski, יניר מילבסקי, ويانير ميلِفْْسكي, The Late Chalcolithic site of Yavne East - התקופה הכלקוליתית המאוחרת ביבנה מזרח, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך נ"ה (2025), pp. 129-156
Spindle Whorls from the Chalcolithic Village of Yavne East
During the excavation seasons of 2021–2024 at the site of Yavne East, fifty-three spindle whorls have been recovered in areas Q and R2-4. Most of them date to the Late Chalcolithic Period (Ghassulian culture), while a few others to the Middle Bronze Age and Persian-Hellenistic-period. The preliminary study of the Chalcolithic assemblage revealed interesting new data about the textile industry carried out in the site of Yavne East and the southern…
Up in Arms
This paper presents the slingstone assemblages recovered from two large-scale excavations at the Late Pottery Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic (c. 5800–4500 cal BCE) sites of ‘En Ẓippori and ‘En Esur. Based on contextual, morphometric and other archaeological data, we suggest that during this time, the slings and slingstones were used as weapons. The high number of slingstones found within the settlements, and the traits of systematic production they…
The Lost Look
Nationalism, Colonialism, and Racism in Archaeology
This is not only a necessary volume that discusses the essence of archaeology in Greece and Israel but a provocative call to reconsider our archaeological practices and their close ties to the politics of the ruling classes of the world. The work was conceived as a dialogue between Raphael Greenberg, an Israeli at Tel Aviv University, and Yannis Hamilakis, a Greek at Brown University. This format has also been used in archaeological literature in…
Mattia Cartolano 2022. Animal and Human Symbolism in The Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Near East. Studies in Early Production. Subsistence, and Environment 24. Berlin
Alone in a cave
The remains of a >50-years-old male, thus far representing the only complete skeleton dated to the Early Chalcolithic (Wadi Rabah) period in Israel, were recovered in a cave in the Judaean desert (Nahal Mishmar, F1-003). The old male suffered abscesses in the maxilla following tooth caries, and a well-healed trauma in the left tibial midshaft. Skull and mandibular morphology were described using plain measurements, indices and angles, and compare…
Transitions, Urbanism, and Collapse in the Bronze Age. Essays in Honor of Suzanne Richard, de Jesse C. Long Jr. y William G. Dever
Nahal Patish, Area D
Nathan Ben-Ari, נתן בן-ארי, Maayan Shemer, מעיין שמר, Ianir Milevski, יניר מילבסקי, Nahal Patish Site, Area D - D נחל פטיש, שטח, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך נ"ב (2022), pp. 52-88
Three Types of Early Chalcolithic Prestige Stone Vessels from the southern Levant
Three types of stone vessels from surveyed and excavated sites in Israel are presented and discussed: bowls with very small lug handles attached to the rim, bowls decorated with an incised row of lozenges on their exterior and chalices with a solid pedestaled base. The first two types are usually made of limestone, while the chalices are made of basalt. Each of the types was found in at least two sites and are associated only with Early Chalcolit…
New excavations at Tel Erani
Fortification walls and other buildings discovered during renewed excavations at Tel Erani (Tell esh-Sheikh el-Areyni) shed new light on the beginnings of urbanisation in the Southern Levant during the second half of the fourth millennium BC
Exceptional shell depositions at PPNB Yiftahel
Ciudades y luces a principios de la Edad del Bronce Antiguo. Sobre las primeras lámparas de aceite en el Levante meridional
En este artículo se analizarán las primeras lámparas de aceite de arcilla en forma de cuencos halladas en las excavaciones de Ein Zippori, en la Baja Galilea, y se pasará revista de los mismos hallazgos en varios sitios de la Edad del Bronce Antiguo IB en el Levante meridional. Se trata del comienzo de la aparición generalizada de estas lámparas en los hallazgos arqueológicos de la región del Levante meridional, por lo menos en lo que hoy día es …
Netzer Sereni - A Geometric Kebaran Site in The Coastal Plain of Israel
Ronit Lupu, רונית לופו, Mae Goder-Goldberger, מאי גודר-גולדברגר, Oren Ackermann, אורן אקרמן, Joel Roskin, יואל רסקין, Ianir Milevski, יניר מילבסקי, Netzer Sereni - נצר סרני, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך נ"א (2021), pp. 82-104
A Ghassulian Chalcolithic Occupation at The Southern Margins of Tel Yavne
Atalya Fadida, עתליה פדידה, Ianir Milevski, יניר מילבסקי, Liat Nadav-Ziv, ליאת נדב-זיו, Lena Brailovsky-Rokser, לנה בריילובסקי-רוכסר, Yoav Weingarten, יואב ויינגרטן, Ilana Peters, אילנה פטרס, Yotam Asscher, יותם אשר, Sariel Shalev, שריאל שלו, Inbar Ktalav, ענבר קטלב, Lee Perry-Gal, לי פרי גל, Elie Haddad, אלי הדד, A Ghassulian Chalcolithic Occupation at the Southern Margins of Tel Yavne - יישוב כלקוליתי ע'סולי בשוליים הדרומיים של תל יבנה, Mitekuf…
Elephants at the Middle Pleistocene Acheulian open-air site of Revadim Quarry, Israel
Iconographic motifs from the 6th–5th millennia BC in the Levant and Mesopotamia
Plusieurs objets gravés de motifs peu habituels ont été récemment découverts lors de prospections et de fouilles de sauvetage en Israël sur des sites datés des 6e et 5e millénaires av. J.-C. Au Levant Sud (Hagoshrim, Neve Yam et Ein Zippori), ces motifs s’observent sur des objets en os et des palettes en pierre attribués au Chalcolithique ancien du Wadi Rabah et aux cultures post-Wadi Rabah. En Mésopotamie (Assur, Mari), ils sont gravés sur des s…
The obsidian assemblages from the Wadi Rabah occupations at Ein Zippori, Israel
A total of 266 obsidian items were found during four seasons of excavation at the Late Prehistoric site of Ein Zippori, Israel. Most of the assemblage was assigned to the Wadi Rabah culture. The obsidian artefacts originated in three Anatolian sources – Cappadocian Göllü Dağ and eastern Anatolian Bingöl A and B. Several colour and texture differences were noticed on some of the items from the different sources. The presence of items such as flake…
Tzur Natan, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A Site in Central Israel and Observations on Regional Settlement Patterns
The results of salvage investigations conducted at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) site of Tzur Natan are described. The site is located on the western fl anks of the Samarian Hills bordering the central coastal plain (Shephelah). The excavations revealed no architectural features but numerous cupmarked bedrock installations. The small fi nds included fl int and groundstone artefacts, as well as a small faunal assemblage. The vast majority of …
A New Fertility Figurine and New Animal Motifs from the Chalcolithic in the Southern Levant
Excavations at the Chalcolithic cemetery of Quleh in the Coastal Plain of Israel concentrated on eight burial caves. Cave K-1 yielded a unique male fertility figurine found inside one of the several ossuaries placed inside the cave. Made of local clay and found broken in three parts, the almost complete ceramic figurine represents a nude male with erect penis (broken). From an iconographie point of view, its head and face, resemble some of the an…
The Exchange of Flint Tools in the Southern Levant during the Early Bronze Age
Early Bronze Age (ca. 3600–2000 B.C.) lithic assemblages of the southern Levant have been thoroughly analyzed, both from the technological and typological viewpoints. Among the characteristic flint tools of this period are tabular scrapers and Canaanean (sickle) blades. While the former tool was in use during the previous Chalcolithic (Ghassulian-Beersheva cultures), Canaanean technology was an innovation of the Early Bronze communities, which sp…
The Transition from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age of the Southern Levant in socioeconomic context
The transition from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant (ca 3800-3600 BC) had multiple aspects. While often the term transition is used to describe material culture remains of both periods, the aim of this paper is to characterize the changes in the socio-economic reality during the two centuries or so during which the transition took place. Degrees of change were uneven and happened in different ways in different regi…
The Rural Settlement of Jerusalem Re-evaluated
Cinq sites de la vallee Rephaim (sud-est de l'ancienne Jerusalem) ont revele des concentrations d'habitat, des fermes a enclos, des terasses de culture, et autres installations liees a l'agriculture, ainsi que des tombes, tout ces vestiges datant de l'âge du Bronze. Presentation de ces sites, de leur materiel, des systemes d'elevage et d'agriculture pratiques, et des industrie du metal et de la pierre
Feinan and the Mediterranean During the Early Bronze Age
This paper proposes that data on metallurgical activity at Feinan in the Early Bronze Age, combined with data on the distribution of copper tools in Canaan during the same period, and information from new archaeological discoveries in the area of Ashkelon and Gaza, raises the possibility that trade in copper and copper products from Feinan during certain stages of the Early Bronze Age was carried out not only by overland route to Canaan, but may …
Heat treated or not heat treated
Organized waste disposal in the Pottery Neolithic
A unique Pottery Neolithic context corresponding to the Wadi Rabah culture was found at the multi-layered site of Ein Zippori, Israel. Given the significant amount of flakes, cortical flakes, thinning flakes, and bifacial tool rejects, it was classified as a refuse pit in which bifacial knapping waste from a nearby workshop was disposed. In this paper we present the assemblage of Locus 8071, focusing on the by-products of bifacial tool manufactur…
The Rural Settlement of Jerusalem Re-evaluated
Cinq sites de la vallee Rephaim (sud-est de l'ancienne Jerusalem) ont revele des concentrations d'habitat, des fermes a enclos, des terasses de culture, et autres installations liees a l'agriculture, ainsi que des tombes, tout ces vestiges datant de l'âge du Bronze. Presentation de ces sites, de leur materiel, des systemes d'elevage et d'agriculture pratiques, et des industrie du metal et de la pierre
The Manahat and Gezer Cylinder Seals and Further Levantine Glyptics
The Manahat and Gezer Cylinder Seals and Further Levantine Glyptics
The object of this paper is to describe and examine the cylinder seal from Manahat, Jerusalem, and a cylinder seal originating in Macalister's excavation at Gezer (Macalister 1912a:346, No 28; 1912b: Pl. ccxiv:9; Nougaryol 1939:EG 35). Years ago, Beck (1998:19) suggested that they belonged, together with other cylinder seals, to a particular group. these two seals seem to be very close from a stylistic point of view, even though they depict diffe…
A New Fertility Figurine and New Animal Motifs from the Chalcolithic in the Southern Levant
Excavations at the Chalcolithic cemetery of Quleh in the Coastal Plain of Israel concentrated on eight burial caves. Cave K-1 yielded a unique male fertility figurine found inside one of the several ossuaries placed inside the cave. Made of local clay and found broken in three parts, the almost complete ceramic figurine represents a nude male with erect penis (broken). From an iconographie point of view, its head and face, resemble some of the an…
Feinan and the Mediterranean During the Early Bronze Age
This paper proposes that data on metallurgical activity at Feinan in the Early Bronze Age, combined with data on the distribution of copper tools in Canaan during the same period, and information from new archaeological discoveries in the area of Ashkelon and Gaza, raises the possibility that trade in copper and copper products from Feinan during certain stages of the Early Bronze Age was carried out not only by overland route to Canaan, but may …
Feinan and the Mediterranean During the Early Bronze Age
This paper proposes that data on metallurgical activity at Feinan in the Early Bronze Age, combined with data on the distribution of copper tools in Canaan during the same period, and information from new archaeological discoveries in the area of Ashkelon and Gaza, raises the possibility that trade in copper and copper products from Feinan during certain stages of the Early Bronze Age was carried out not only by overland route to Canaan, but may …
Tzur Natan, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A Site in Central Israel and Observations on Regional Settlement Patterns
The results of salvage investigations conducted at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) site of Tzur Natan are described. The site is located on the western fl anks of the Samarian Hills bordering the central coastal plain (Shephelah). The excavations revealed no architectural features but numerous cupmarked bedrock installations. The small fi nds included fl int and groundstone artefacts, as well as a small faunal assemblage. The vast majority of …
The Plastered Skulls and Other PPNB Finds from Yiftahel, Lower Galilee (Israel)
Two extended seasons of excavations were recently conducted at the site of Yiftahel (Khalet Khalladyiah) in the fringe of Beit Netofa valley, Lower Galilee. Four new areas (F, G, H and I) were opened in addition to the five areas excavated in the past. This note will present the highlights from the main occupational period at Yiftahel, i. e., the Mid-Late PPNB (8,000-7,000 BC). Large PPNB buildings, displaying rectilinear plan with mud-brick and/…
Journey to the Copper Age. Archaeology in The Holy Land by Thomas E. Levy; Journey to The Copper Age. Archaeology in the Holy Land
Nahal Betzet II and Ard el Samra
NIMROD GETZOV, OMRY BARZILAI, GAËLLE LE DOSSEUR, ANNA EIRIKH-ROSE, INBAR KTALAV, OFER MARDER, NIMROD MAROM, IANIR MILEVSKI, נמרוד גצוב, עומרי ברזילי, גאל לה דוסור, אנה אייריך-רוז, ענבר קטלב, עופר מרדר, נמרוד מרום, יניר מילבסקי, נחל בצת II וארד אל סמרה: שני אתרים משלהי הפרהיסטוריה ודגמי ישובי במישור עכו / Nahal Betzet II and Ard el Samra: Two Late Prehistoric Sites and Settlement Patterns in the Akko Plain, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel …
Givat Rabi East. a New Middle Paleolithic Knapping Site in the Lower Galilee (Israel)
Givat Rabi Est est un affleurement de silex récemment découvert dans le centre de la Galilée, à proximité de plusieurs sites du Paléolithique moyen. Cet article présente le site et traite de l’utilisation d’un amas de déchets de taille du Paléolithique moyen, fouillée sur son bord oriental. Les résultats suggèrent que les déchets de taille sont probablement les vestiges d’un atelier moustérien. En comparaison avec le site d’atelier de Sde Ilan, s…
Plaster Characterization at the PPNB Site of Yiftahel (Israel) Including the Use of 14 C
The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) site of Yiftahel, Israel, contains abundant plaster floors. We surveyed the states of preservation of the plasters using an infrared spectroscopic assay that characterizes the extent of disorder of the atoms in the calcite crystal lattice. We identified the 3 best-preserved plaster samples that had disorder signatures most similar to modern plaster. We then studied the surface layers, fine-grained matrices, and …
Nils Anfinset
Elephants at the Middle Pleistocene Acheulian open-air site of Revadim Quarry, Israel
Proto-Historic Ein Zippori
Omry Barzilai, Nimrod Getzov, Natalia Gubenko, Nimrod Marom, Ianir Milevski, Ariel Vered, Junfu Zheng, עמרי ברזילי, נמרוד גצוב, נטליה גובנקו, נמרוד מרום, יניר מילבסקי, אריאל ורד, ג'ונפו זנג, האתר הפרוטו-היסטורי עין ציפורי: עונת חפירות 2007 / Proto-Historic Ein Zippori: The 2007 Excavation Season, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך מ"ג (2013), pp. 22-72
Excavations at Horbat 'Illit B
Ianir Milevski, Jacob Vardi, Isaac Gilead, Anna Eirikh-Rose, Michal Birkenfeld, Henk K. Mienis, Liora Kolska Horwitz, יניר מילבסקי, יעקב ורדי, יצחק גלעד, אנה אייריך-רוז, מיכל בירקנפלד, הנק ק. מיניס, ליאורה ק. הורביץ, חפירות באתר הכלקוליתי הע'סולי של חורבת עילית ב' בעמק האלה / Excavations at Horbat 'Illit B: A Chalcolithic (Ghassulian) Site in the Haelah Valley, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך מ"ג (20…
The Exchange of Flint Tools in the Southern Levant during the Early Bronze Age
Early Bronze Age (ca. 3600–2000 B.C.) lithic assemblages of the southern Levant have been thoroughly analyzed, both from the technological and typological viewpoints. Among the characteristic flint tools of this period are tabular scrapers and Canaanean (sickle) blades. While the former tool was in use during the previous Chalcolithic (Ghassulian-Beersheva cultures), Canaanean technology was an innovation of the Early Bronze communities, which sp…
The Transition from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age of the Southern Levant in socioeconomic context
The transition from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant (ca 3800-3600 BC) had multiple aspects. While often the term transition is used to describe material culture remains of both periods, the aim of this paper is to characterize the changes in the socio-economic reality during the two centuries or so during which the transition took place. Degrees of change were uneven and happened in different ways in different regi…
Prioritizing Death and Society. The Archaeology of Chalcolithic and Contemporary Cemeteries in The Southern Levant. Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology by Nativ A
The Chalcolithic Settlement of Khirbet Dalhamiya
Walid Atrash, Jacob Vardi, Nuha Agha, Ianir Milevski, וואליד אטרש, יעקב ורדי, נוהא אגהא, יניר מילבסקי, האתר הכלקוליתי בחירבת דלהמייה / The Chalcolithic Settlement of Khirbet Dalhamiya: The 2007 Excavations, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך מ"ד (2014), pp. 202-225
A techno-typological analysis of fan (tabular) scrapers from Ein Zippori, Israel
Fan (or tabular) scrapers are a diagnostic tool type in Chalcolithic Ghassulian and Early Bronze Age lithic assemblages from the southern Levant. To date, only small numbers of fan scrapers have been reported from the Late Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah culture. In this paper we present a techno-typological analysis of a fair sample of fan scrapers and fan scrapers spalls from Wadi Rabah and Early Bronze Age layers at Ein Zippori, Lower Galilee, Is…
Organized waste disposal in the Pottery Neolithic
A unique Pottery Neolithic context corresponding to the Wadi Rabah culture was found at the multi-layered site of Ein Zippori, Israel. Given the significant amount of flakes, cortical flakes, thinning flakes, and bifacial tool rejects, it was classified as a refuse pit in which bifacial knapping waste from a nearby workshop was disposed. In this paper we present the assemblage of Locus 8071, focusing on the by-products of bifacial tool manufactur…
Connections and Disconnections in the Late Prehistory and Protohistory of the Levant
Bocquentin Fanny, Molist Miquel, Milevski Ianir. Connections and Disconnections in the Late Prehistory and Protohistory of the Levant: Discussion and perspectives. In: Paléorient, 2016, vol. 42, n°2. Connections and Disconnections between the Northern and Southern Levant in the Late Prehistory and Protohistory (12th – mid-2nd mill, BC) pp. 203-208
Iconographic motifs from the 6th–5th millennia BC in the Levant and Mesopotamia
Plusieurs objets gravés de motifs peu habituels ont été récemment découverts lors de prospections et de fouilles de sauvetage en Israël sur des sites datés des 6e et 5e millénaires av. J.-C. Au Levant Sud (Hagoshrim, Neve Yam et Ein Zippori), ces motifs s’observent sur des objets en os et des palettes en pierre attribués au Chalcolithique ancien du Wadi Rabah et aux cultures post-Wadi Rabah. En Mésopotamie (Assur, Mari), ils sont gravés sur des s…
The obsidian assemblages from the Wadi Rabah occupations at Ein Zippori, Israel
A total of 266 obsidian items were found during four seasons of excavation at the Late Prehistoric site of Ein Zippori, Israel. Most of the assemblage was assigned to the Wadi Rabah culture. The obsidian artefacts originated in three Anatolian sources – Cappadocian Göllü Dağ and eastern Anatolian Bingöl A and B. Several colour and texture differences were noticed on some of the items from the different sources. The presence of items such as flake…
Archaeology (54 obras) · Geography (50 obras) · History (38 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (35 obras) · Ancient history (32 obras) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (31 obras) · Bronze Age (28 obras) · Geology (23 obras) · Chalcolithic (22 obras) · Ancient Near East History (21 obras)