Lawrence A Brown
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 168720 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Lawrence A Brown |
| PRENOMES | Lawrence A |
| SOBRENOME | Brown |
| ASSINATURA | BROWN L A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | The Ohio State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4499-6375 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 53 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 583 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1967 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Agency Variation in the Employment of Women in U.S. Federal STEM Jobs
This article provides an assessment of the employment of women in STEM occupations in the U.S. federal government. Women are underrepresented in STEM fields in the U.S. federal service, but their levels of employment vary markedly between departments and agencies. Women also quit federal STEM jobs in disproportionately large numbers, compared with men, and compared with women in other professions, and they resign at varying rates depending on the…
Foreclosure, Inequality, and the Difference That Place Makes
While the Great Recession and the associated rise in foreclosures significantly impacted households across the United States, default rates in rural areas and rural-urban foreclosure differences have failed to attract substantial research attention. To expand the scale and scope of the foreclosure literature, this article examines place-based differences in estimated foreclosure rates across U.S. counties, which are classified as urban, suburban,…
Diffusion
Organization‐Led Migration, Individual Choice, and Refugee Resettlement in The U.S
The role of organizations in migration has received less attention than warranted; individual choice has typically been emphasized. As an in‐depth illustration, we consider refugee resettlement in the United States, post–World War , wherein intermediary organizations play(ed) a major role. Central to this system are voluntary agencies (s) and community organizations, but secondary migration also is critical. Attention is given to all refugees bet…
Housing Foreclosure as A Geographically Contingent Event
This article seeks to better understand geographic manifestations of housing foreclosure, moving beyond the usual portrayal that highlights, e.g., race/ethnicity and income. We depart from the usual analytical strategy which centers on factors that subsume high proportions of variance. Instead, this is the starting point for considering constellations and idiosyncratic but formative characteristics—contingencies—that further understanding of, e.g…
Racial/Ethnic Intermixing in Intra-Urban Space and Socioeconomic Context
This study concerns racial/ethnic intermixing in Columbus Ohio and Milwaukee Wisconsin MSAs, representing a Post-Fordist and Historically Fordist economic context. Location quotients for whites and minority-as-a-group provide a general description of intermixing across census tracts (CTs). The relationship between intra-urban intermixing and neighborhood characteristics employs Entropy-type Indices (E') of six racial/ethnic groups for 2000 and 19…
Metropolitan Context and Racial/Ethnic Intermixing in Residential Space
This study is concerned with racial/ethnic intermixing as it varies among the 49 largest U.S. MSAs in 2000 and its change over the 1990-2000 decade. Race/ethnicity is defined in terms of the major census categories of African American, American Indian, Asian, Caucasian, and Hispanic. Intermixing is calibrated by the Theil Entropy Index, which treats the five groups simultaneously and produces measures of an MSA's diversity (Diversity Score) and i…
Market-Led Pluralism
Vast differences between the U.S. city of today and that of a quarter-century and half-century ago call for a rethinking of conventional frameworks that provide an explanation of clustering/segregation along racial/ethnic lines. Accordingly, we put forth a new framework, market-led pluralism, that better fits today's realities. Existing frameworks—assimilation, stratification, and resurgent ethnicity—miss a central element of today's racial/ethni…
Racial/Ethnic Residential Sorting in Spatial Context
There are four major explanatory frameworks on racial/ethnic segregation and its changes: Assimilation, Stratification, Resurgent Ethnicity, and Market-Led Pluralism. Previous efforts to evaluate the significance of each framework, mainly relying on cross-urban metrics, pay less attention to intraurban residential patterning even though each framework leads to a different expectation about it. In response, this paper examines the validity of each…
Spatial segregation, segregation indices and the geographical perspective
What could be more inherently geographical than segregation? However, the richness of the spatial variations in segregation is seldom captured by the dominant genre of empirical research. Returning the ‘geography’ to segregation research, we argue that local areas need to be given considerably more attention, using measures that explicitly reveal the spatial fabric of residential clustering along racial/ethnic lines. We first critique global meas…
Author’s Response
Place, Migration and Development in the Third World
Providing a fresh examination of the nature of Third World development, the author focuses on the characteristics of particular places and regions and their influences on behaviour. This is an important study of the relationship between population movements and regional and national changes.
Urban-System Evolution on the Frontier of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Like the North American frontier, Ecuador's Amazonian margin has advanced in periodic waves. But the impetus has been extremely varied, interlacing periods of socioeconomic crisis with times of prosperity. Recent events in eastern Ecuador confirm that urbanization is a fundamental component of frontier development in South America. The urbanization process is not a sign, however, of regional economic strength. Capital gains at the periphery are t…
Macrolevel Theory and Local-Level Inequality
This study assesses the explanatory power of macrolevel political economy theory for redistribution across local areas. We focus on contentions about the role of industrial structure and institutional arrangements in income growth and inequality in two periods, 1970 and 1990. Specific hypotheses are derived from the Social Structures of Accumulation approach. These include (1) that redistribution processes have shifted, with manufacturing employm…
Change, Continuity, and the Pursuit of Geographic Understanding
(1999). Change, Continuity, and the Pursuit of Geographic Understanding. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 1-25
Gender, migration and the organisation of work under economic devolution
This paper focuses on labour force segments defined on the basis of migrant status and gender, in terms of the impact of economic devolution related to structural adjustment policies (SAPs). In this context, gender has received attention primarily since 1990, while the migrant/non-migrant section of the labour force remains to be tackled. Impact is calibrated for labour force segments based on gender, migration status, and both combined. Data rep…
Development Context, Regional Differences among Young Women, and Fertility
Journal Article Development Context, Regional Differences among Young Women, and Fertility: The Ecuadorean Amazon Get access Linda M. Lobao, Linda M. Lobao The Ohio State University Please direct all correspondence to Linda Lobao, Rural Sociology Program, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Schol…
Frontier Migration as a Multi‐stage Phenomenon Reflecting the Interplay of Macroforces and Local Conditions
Urban-System Evolution in Frontier Settings
General frameworks for the evolution of urban systems in frontier settings have been formulated chiefly on the basis of the North American experience. The frameworks apply to the Ecuadorian Amazon. Universal conceptualizations are broadly relevant; context-dependent conceptualizations are partially so. This pattern raises the question of whether government-based service sector is mechanism for urban dominance, as were wholesaling and finance in N…
Place, Migration and Development in the Third World
Complementary Perspectives as a Means of Understanding Regional Change
Illustrated in this paper is a research protocol wherein regional change in the Ecuador Amazon, measured in terms of changing settlement patterns, is explored from three distinct but complementary vantage points-idiographic, context-dependent generalizations, and universally applicable frameworks. All analyses are anchored to the study area itself; the region's ground-level reality plays a prominent role throughout; and the Amazon as a place is t…
The causes of tropical deforestation in Ecuador
Place, Migration and Development in the Third World
Migrant Fertility Differentials in Ecuador
The effects of migration on fertility in Ecuador were analyzed by subdividing migrant categories into permanent-, return-, circular-, and non-migrants, and context factors into 6 socioeconomic and agrarian variables. The study is introduced with a conceptual framework that explains personal intermediate variables and their influence on fertility in terms of demographic transition theory, and then defines the influences of selection for fertility,…
Reflections on Third World Development
This paper argues that regional change in Third World settings is inadequately addressed by conventional development frameworks. Instead, research ought to focus on the local articulation of world economic and political conditions, donor nation actions, and policies of Third World governments. Emerging from the discussion is a research strategy that emphasizes the intersection of forces exogenous to locales and local characteristics, draws on det…
The Intra-Urban Migration Process
(1970). The Intra-Urban Migration Process: a Perspective. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography: Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 1-13
Spatial segregation, segregation indices and the geographical perspective
What could be more inherently geographical than segregation? However, the richness of the spatial variations in segregation is seldom captured by the dominant genre of empirical research. Returning the ‘geography’ to segregation research, we argue that local areas need to be given considerably more attention, using measures that explicitly reveal the spatial fabric of residential clustering along racial/ethnic lines. We first critique global meas…
The causes of tropical deforestation in Ecuador
Migration Flows in Intraurban Space
This paper examines the concept of place utility in an operational context. Its major objective is to construct and evaluate place utility functions which are based upon socioeconomic and migration characteristics of areal units within a city. A secondary objective is to identify major factors related to intraurban migration flows in an aggregate framework. The empirical basis for the study is a sample of actual migration flows for Cedar Rapids, …
Macrolevel Theory and Local-Level Inequality
This study assesses the explanatory power of macrolevel political economy theory for redistribution across local areas. We focus on contentions about the role of industrial structure and institutional arrangements in income growth and inequality in two periods, 1970 and 1990. Specific hypotheses are derived from the Social Structures of Accumulation approach. These include (1) that redistribution processes have shifted, with manufacturing employm…
Racial/Ethnic Residential Sorting in Spatial Context
There are four major explanatory frameworks on racial/ethnic segregation and its changes: Assimilation, Stratification, Resurgent Ethnicity, and Market-Led Pluralism. Previous efforts to evaluate the significance of each framework, mainly relying on cross-urban metrics, pay less attention to intraurban residential patterning even though each framework leads to a different expectation about it. In response, this paper examines the validity of each…
Intra-urban migrant lifelines
The term intra-urban migrant lifeline refers to the sequence of residential movements made by a household within a single urban area. This study examines spatial aspects of lifelines and the relationship between such aspects and the spatial structure of the city. Spatial aspects are defined in terms of distance, directional, and sectoral biases. A variety of techniques for identifying such biases are critically discussed. The approach applied is …
The Market and Infrastructure Context of Adoption
Lawrence A. Brown, The Market and Infrastructure Context of Adoption: A Spatial Perspective on the Diffusion of Innovation, Economic Geography, Vol. 51, No. 3, Studies in Spatial Diffusion Processes: II. Conceptual (Jul., 1975), pp. 185-216
Behavioural approaches in geography
(1972). Behavioural approaches in geography: an overview. Australian Geographer: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 59-79
Search Behavior in an Intra-Urban Migration Context
This paper examines spatial search behavior related to intra-urban migration. Its approach is to draw upon related studies to derive expectations with regard to search patterns, and to test these through empirical analysis. This involves identifying and measuring distance, directional, and sectoral spatial biases, for which an algorithm is presented that employs a map transformation and standard ellipse analysis
On place utility and the normative allocation of intra-urban migrants
This paper arises out of the fact that place utility, a basic factor in behavioral conceptualizations of migration processes, has not been specified in operational terms. This is done here through a model that assigns intraurban migrants to destination areal units within the city, using a normative linear programming framework based on behavioral considerations. Measures of place utilities for each areal unit and of comparative place utilities fo…
Market-Led Pluralism
Vast differences between the U.S. city of today and that of a quarter-century and half-century ago call for a rethinking of conventional frameworks that provide an explanation of clustering/segregation along racial/ethnic lines. Accordingly, we put forth a new framework, market-led pluralism, that better fits today's realities. Existing frameworks—assimilation, stratification, and resurgent ethnicity—miss a central element of today's racial/ethni…
Migration in Third World Settings, Uneven Development, and Conventional Modeling
This paper examines how an area's development milieu affects the various components of the migration process. After reviewing the literature on migration-development interrelationships, we employ conventional statistical modeling to understand movement among Costa Rican cantons during a five-year period (1968–73). This is done for the country as a whole, enabling cross-national comparisons with earlier studies, and for urban-to-urban, urban-to-ru…
Metropolitan Context and Racial/Ethnic Intermixing in Residential Space
This study is concerned with racial/ethnic intermixing as it varies among the 49 largest U.S. MSAs in 2000 and its change over the 1990-2000 decade. Race/ethnicity is defined in terms of the major census categories of African American, American Indian, Asian, Caucasian, and Hispanic. Intermixing is calibrated by the Theil Entropy Index, which treats the five groups simultaneously and produces measures of an MSA's diversity (Diversity Score) and i…
Place Attributes in a Migration Decision Context
The research reported in this paper used four different survey methods to elucidate the importance of thirteen place attributes in the decision to migrate to Columbus, Ohio; (1) a Likert-type assessment of the general importance of each attribute; (2) a paired-comparison technique for ascertaining attribute trade-off possibilities; (3) measures of saliency and satisfaction with each attribute in the former place of residence, in the town that was…
Urban Acquaintance Fields
The present paper is concerned with examination of the spatial characteristics of empirical data relating to contact fields for a sample of residents in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It is shown that a model of individual urban contact fields described in an earlier paper (Moore, 1970) provides interesting insights into the spatial characteristics of the empirical contact fields. The model is briefly presented, its aggregate form is derived, and the data a…
Migration, Functional Distance, and the Urban Hierarchy
origin and destination [13, pp. 49-50]. In general, the net effect of these properties may be viewed in terms of the functional distance between any two places (or nodes). If each node's (n) properties are mapped in an n-dimensional space, it is possible to compute a measure of distance separating any two nodes, termed functional distance, such that it reflects the net effect of nodal properties upon their propensity to interact [6]. In this cont…
Place, Migration and Development in the Third World
Change, Continuity, and the Pursuit of Geographic Understanding
(1999). Change, Continuity, and the Pursuit of Geographic Understanding. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 1-25
Frontier Migration as a Multi‐stage Phenomenon Reflecting the Interplay of Macroforces and Local Conditions
Complementary Perspectives as a Means of Understanding Regional Change
Illustrated in this paper is a research protocol wherein regional change in the Ecuador Amazon, measured in terms of changing settlement patterns, is explored from three distinct but complementary vantage points-idiographic, context-dependent generalizations, and universally applicable frameworks. All analyses are anchored to the study area itself; the region's ground-level reality plays a prominent role throughout; and the Amazon as a place is t…
Migrant Fertility Differentials in Ecuador
The effects of migration on fertility in Ecuador were analyzed by subdividing migrant categories into permanent-, return-, circular-, and non-migrants, and context factors into 6 socioeconomic and agrarian variables. The study is introduced with a conceptual framework that explains personal intermediate variables and their influence on fertility in terms of demographic transition theory, and then defines the influences of selection for fertility,…
Organization‐Led Migration, Individual Choice, and Refugee Resettlement in The U.S
The role of organizations in migration has received less attention than warranted; individual choice has typically been emphasized. As an in‐depth illustration, we consider refugee resettlement in the United States, post–World War , wherein intermediary organizations play(ed) a major role. Central to this system are voluntary agencies (s) and community organizations, but secondary migration also is critical. Attention is given to all refugees bet…
Urban-System Evolution in Frontier Settings
General frameworks for the evolution of urban systems in frontier settings have been formulated chiefly on the basis of the North American experience. The frameworks apply to the Ecuadorian Amazon. Universal conceptualizations are broadly relevant; context-dependent conceptualizations are partially so. This pattern raises the question of whether government-based service sector is mechanism for urban dominance, as were wholesaling and finance in N…
Policy Aspects of Development and Individual Mobility
Lawrence A. Brown, Jorge A. Brea, Andrew R. Goetz, Policy Aspects of Development and Individual Mobility: Migration and Circulation from Ecuador's Rural Sierra, Economic Geography, Vol. 64, No. 2 (Apr., 1988), pp. 147-170
Search, Learning, and the Market Decision Process
Diffusion of Innovation
The Intra-Urban Migration Process
(1970). The Intra-Urban Migration Process: a Perspective. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography: Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 1-13
On place utility and the normative allocation of intra-urban migrants
This paper arises out of the fact that place utility, a basic factor in behavioral conceptualizations of migration processes, has not been specified in operational terms. This is done here through a model that assigns intraurban migrants to destination areal units within the city, using a normative linear programming framework based on behavioral considerations. Measures of place utilities for each areal unit and of comparative place utilities fo…
Social Area Change
Migration Flows in Intraurban Space
This paper examines the concept of place utility in an operational context. Its major objective is to construct and evaluate place utility functions which are based upon socioeconomic and migration characteristics of areal units within a city. A secondary objective is to identify major factors related to intraurban migration flows in an aggregate framework. The empirical basis for the study is a sample of actual migration flows for Cedar Rapids, …
On the Use of Markov Chains in Movement Research
Lawrence A. Brown, On the Use of Markov Chains in Movement Research, Economic Geography, Vol. 46, Supplement: Proceedings. International Geographical Union. Commission on Quantitative Methods (Jun., 1970), pp. 393-403
Urban Acquaintance Fields
The present paper is concerned with examination of the spatial characteristics of empirical data relating to contact fields for a sample of residents in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It is shown that a model of individual urban contact fields described in an earlier paper (Moore, 1970) provides interesting insights into the spatial characteristics of the empirical contact fields. The model is briefly presented, its aggregate form is derived, and the data a…
Migration, Functional Distance, and the Urban Hierarchy
origin and destination [13, pp. 49-50]. In general, the net effect of these properties may be viewed in terms of the functional distance between any two places (or nodes). If each node's (n) properties are mapped in an n-dimensional space, it is possible to compute a measure of distance separating any two nodes, termed functional distance, such that it reflects the net effect of nodal properties upon their propensity to interact [6]. In this cont…
Diffusion Dynamics
Intra-urban migrant lifelines
The term intra-urban migrant lifeline refers to the sequence of residential movements made by a household within a single urban area. This study examines spatial aspects of lifelines and the relationship between such aspects and the spatial structure of the city. Spatial aspects are defined in terms of distance, directional, and sectoral biases. A variety of techniques for identifying such biases are critically discussed. The approach applied is …
Search Behavior in an Intra-Urban Migration Context
This paper examines spatial search behavior related to intra-urban migration. Its approach is to draw upon related studies to derive expectations with regard to search patterns, and to test these through empirical analysis. This involves identifying and measuring distance, directional, and sectoral spatial biases, for which an algorithm is presented that employs a map transformation and standard ellipse analysis
Diffusion Processes and Location
Rejoinder to casetti’s “critical notes on an alleged operationalization of the concept of spatial utility”
Diffusion Through an Urban System the Testing of Related Hypotheses
Behavioural approaches in geography
(1972). Behavioural approaches in geography: an overview. Australian Geographer: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 59-79
Innovation Diffusion in a Developing Economy
The Diffusion of Cable Television in Ohio
Lawrence A. Brown, Edward J. Malecki, Susan R. Gross, Mohan N. Shrestha, R. Keith Semple, The Diffusion of Cable Television in Ohio: A Case Study of Diffusion Agency Location Patterns and Processes of the Polynuclear Type, Economic Geography, Vol. 50, No. 4, Studies in Spatial Diffusion Processes: I. Empirical (Oct., 1974), pp. 285-299
The Market and Infrastructure Context of Adoption
Lawrence A. Brown, The Market and Infrastructure Context of Adoption: A Spatial Perspective on the Diffusion of Innovation, Economic Geography, Vol. 51, No. 3, Studies in Spatial Diffusion Processes: II. Conceptual (Jul., 1975), pp. 185-216
Place Attributes in a Migration Decision Context
The research reported in this paper used four different survey methods to elucidate the importance of thirteen place attributes in the decision to migrate to Columbus, Ohio; (1) a Likert-type assessment of the general importance of each attribute; (2) a paired-comparison technique for ascertaining attribute trade-off possibilities; (3) measures of saliency and satisfaction with each attribute in the former place of residence, in the town that was…
The Community Innovation Process
Previous research into the community innovation process has tended to emphasize either intercommunity information flows and imitation or local need and political factors. This paper presents a conceptualization incorporating both sets of factors and stressing, in particular, the distinction between community innovations supported by a central pro pagator and those adopted solely on the basis of local initiative. In empirical analysis the former a…
Innovation Diffusion
(1982). Innovation Diffusion: A New Perspective. Economic Geography: Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 391-393
Development Aspects of Migration in Third World Settings
In this paper we report a simulation addressing development-migration interrelationships in Third World settings and their implications for urbanization. Development is represented as the diffusion of demographic transition, employment opportunities, and formal and communication channels, which in turn affect informal communications and the overall economic base. The simulation falls within the genre of neoclassical development models, but, unlik…
Spatial Variation In Migration Processes And Development
The ways in which migration and development have been linked in previous research in Third World settings are reviewed. Intercantonal migration in Costa Rica is analyzed, first in terms of a conventional model and then in terms of a paradigm of migration that focuses on place-to-place variations in development milieu. The results show there is spatial variation in the role of most variables and that these variations follow a reasonably consistent…
Rural-destined migration in Third World settings
This paper 1st reviews earlier research on rural-destined migration in Third World settings, in order to derive generalizations for a topic most often treated in idiosyncratic fashion. Descriptive analysis of all Costa Rican migration flows for 1968-73 then establishes that a surprisingly high proportion are rural directed. Finally, statistical analyses identify differences, in terms of explanatory variables, between urban-and rural-destined migr…
Geography (37 obras) · Economic geography (30 obras) · Economics (30 obras) · Computer Science (23 obras) · Sociology (23 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Regional science (15 obras) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (14 obras) · Demographic economics (13 obras) · Migration and Labor Dynamics (12 obras)