Peter Trudgill
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 169517 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Peter Trudgill |
| PRENOMES | Peter |
| SOBRENOME | Trudgill |
| ASSINATURA | TRUDGILL P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Fribourg |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 71 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 357 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 65 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 6 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1972 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
The Long Journey of English
English is one of the most widely-spoken languages in the world, with native-speaking communities at the furthest ends of the earth. However, just three thousand years ago, the language-which-became-English was not spoken anywhere in Britain. Trudgill, one of the foremost authorities on the English language, takes us on a remarkable journey through the history of English to show how it grew to become the global phenomenon that we know today. Over…
Long Journey of English
The Great East Anglian Merger Mystery
It is not at all unusual for linguists to work on their own dialects, and indeed there are obvious benefits to be gained from so doing. On the other hand, it is probably less usual for linguists to focus on their own speech in the context of work in historical linguistics. I should probably explain, therefore, that the focus in this paper is particularly narrowly on my own speech, since it seems probable that the phenomenon with which it deals is…
Millennia of Language Change
Were Stone-Age languages really more complex than their modern counterparts? Was Basque actually once spoken over all of Western Europe? Were Welsh-speaking slaves truly responsible for the loss of English morphology? This latest collection of Peter Trudgill's most seminal articles explores these questions and more. Focused around the theme of sociolinguistics and language change across deep historical millennia (the Palaeolithic era to the Early…
Millennia of Language Change
Sociolinguistic typology and the speed of linguistic change
Speed of linguistic change is not constant: it differs as between different language and dialects, and between different chronological periods. These differences are, at least to some extent, conditioned by social parameters. Two major social factors are involved in producing these different rates of linguistic change. There is, first, the role of the relative degree of contact versus isolation which speech communities have experienced: a good ex…
Dialects of English
Dialect Matters
Norsified English or Anglicized Norse
Emonds & Faarlund have brilliantly demonstrated that the syntax of English owes a great deal to the syntax of Old Norse, and more than has generally been thought. This is genuinely significant. But, from a variationist perspective, the difference of nomenclature—“North Germanic” rather than “West Germanic”—is not
Diffusion, drift, and the irrelevance of media influence
A Tale of Two Copulas
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The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich
This work is a study in urban dialectology, sociological linguistics, and generative phonology. It takes the form of an urban dialect survey of the city of Norwich, England, and is particularly concerned with the correlation between phonetic and phonological aspects of English, as it is spoken in Norwich, and various sociological parameters.
Language Complexity as an Evolving Variable
This book presents a challenge to the widely-held assumption that human languages are both similar and constant in their degree of complexity. For a hundred years or more the universal equality of languages has been a tenet of faith among most anthropologists and linguists. It has been frequently advanced as a corrective to the idea that some languages are at a later stage of evolution than others. It also appears to be an inevitable outcome of o…
Greek Dialect Vowel Systems, Vowel Dispersion Theory, and Sociolinguistic Typology
jgl 1 It seems to be agreed that relatively little research has been done on the vowels of Modern Greek
The dialect of East Anglia
Colonial dialect contact in the history of European languages
It is often supposed that dialect contact and dialect mixture were involved in the development of new colonial varieties of European languages, such as Brazilian Portuguese, Canadian French, and Australian English. However, while no one has denied that dialect contact took place, the role of dialect mixture has been disputed. Among those who do not accept a role for it, some have also considered the role of identity, especially new national ident…
On the role of children, and the mechanical view
There is nothing controversial about Keller's assertion that human beings operate according to a powerful maxim which he renders as "Talk like the others talk." This is self-evidently true (although we could of course discuss precisely who "the others" might be). If it were not true, there would be, say, no local dialects. The fact that everyone who has grown up in the same community speaks in the same way therefore, in a sense, needs no discussi…
Dialect Mixture versus Monogenesis in Colonial Varieties
Similarities between varieties of the same languages can be explained in terms of shared retentions or innovations. Conversely, differences can be explained in terms of new vocabulary items, divergent changes, language contact, and dialect contact. The latter has been challenged by proponents of monogenetic theories. Evidence for and against monogenetic hypotheses are considered on the basis of two case studies. First, I demonstrate that the dial…
Sociohistorical Overview
Research Article| December 01 2006 SOCIOHISTORICAL OVERVIEW: ENGLISH IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY Daniel Long; Daniel Long Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Peter Trudgill Peter Trudgill Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Publication of the American Dialect Society (2006) 91 (1): 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1215/-91-1-123 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Da…
Predicting the past
The division of the world’s Englishes into rhotic and non-rhotic types is clearly due to the fact that the former are conservative in not having undergone loss of non-prevocalic /r/, whereas the latter have. The beginnings of the loss of non-prevocalic /r/ in English have generally been dated by historians of the language to the 18th century. It is therefore obvious, and has been widely accepted, that Irish English, Canadian English, and American…
Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics
New Zealand English
New Zealand English - at just 150 years old - is one of the newest varieties of English, and is unique in that its full history and development are documented in extensive audio-recordings. The rich corpus of spoken language provided by New Zealand's 'mobile disk unit' has provided insight into how the earliest New Zealand-born settlers spoke, and consequently, how this new variety of English developed. On the basis of these recordings, this book…
The Last Yankee in the Pacific
On the isolated Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands in the western Pacific Ocean, the English language has been in use for close to two centuries. The first human residents arrived in 1830, and one individual from Massachusetts, in particular, left his progeny and his mark on island society. In this paper, we analyze tape recordings made in the 1970s of a speaker born (in 1881) and raised on the islands and demonstrate that his vowel system remarkably rese…
On the Reversibility of Mergers
Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich
Women use linguistic forms associated with the prestige standard more frequently than men. One reason for this is that working-class speech has favourable connotations for male speakers. Favourable attitudes to non-standard speech are not normally expressed, however, and emerge only in inaccurate self-evaluation test responses. Patterns of sex differentiation deviating from the norm indicate that a linguistic change is taking place: standard form…
Linguistic change and diffusion
Linguistic geography has remained relatively unaffected by recent developments in sociolinguistic theory and method and theoretical geography. In this paper it is argued that insights and techniques from both these disciplines will be of value in improving descriptions of geographical variation in language, and that these improvements will in turn lead to more adequate explanations for certain of the social and spatial characteristics of linguist…
Colonial dialect contact in the history of European languages
It is often supposed that dialect contact and dialect mixture were involved in the development of new colonial varieties of European languages, such as Brazilian Portuguese, Canadian French, and Australian English. However, while no one has denied that dialect contact took place, the role of dialect mixture has been disputed. Among those who do not accept a role for it, some have also considered the role of identity, especially new national ident…
Norwich Revisited
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Determinism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English
In this paper we use an extensive archive of early New Zealand speakers, together with comparisons with the other Southern Hemisphere varieties of English, to argue that dialect mixture and new-dialect formation are not haphazard processes. We demonstrate that, given sufficient linguistic information about the dialects which contribute to a mixture, and sufficient demographic information about the proportions of speakers of the different dialects…
New-dialect formation and Southern Hemisphere English
There are two conflicting hypotheses concerning the nature of the New Zealand English short vowel system. One is that this system is conservative and that it is distinguished from the system of English English by changes which have taken place in the latter. The other hypothesis is that New Zealand English is, on the contrary, innovative, and that it is English English which has remained conservative. Drawing on hitherto unavailable data and on r…
Modern Greek dialects
Although there are many works on individual Modern Greek dialects, there are very few overall descriptions, classifications, or cartographical representations of Greek dialects available in the literature. This paper discusses some possible reasons for these lacunae, having to do with dialect methodology, and Greek history and geography. It then moves on to employ the work of Kontossopoulos and Newton in an attempt to arrive at a more detailed cl…
Diffusion, drift, and the irrelevance of media influence
The imposed norm hypothesis
Previous work suggests that standard dialects assume their prestige over other language varieties not because they are linguistically or aesthetically superior, but because of historical, cultural norms. An empirical investigation lends this view support by showing that British listeners cannot differentiate evaluatively speech styles having distinct social meanings in Greece
Ausbau sociolinguistics and the perception of language status in contemporary Europe
Minority language communities may suffer from many different types of disadvantage. One problem that they may face is the failure or refusal of majority communities to recognise their language as a language rather than a dialect. The degree to which minority languages are vulnerable to this kind of attack depends to a considerable extent on their linguistic characteristics. In investigating this kind of vulnerability, it is helpful to consider Kl…
On 'new/non-native' Englishes
Predicting the past
The division of the world’s Englishes into rhotic and non-rhotic types is clearly due to the fact that the former are conservative in not having undergone loss of non-prevocalic /r/, whereas the latter have. The beginnings of the loss of non-prevocalic /r/ in English have generally been dated by historians of the language to the 18th century. It is therefore obvious, and has been widely accepted, that Irish English, Canadian English, and American…
Language maintenance and language shift
Languages are dying out, without being replaced, at an increasingly catastrophic rate. Languages are being lost as a result of language shift and language murder. Already the most populous 100 languages of the world account for 95% of the world's population. There are good reasons for linguists to publicise this loss of linguistic diversity and to attempt to stem the tide as much as they are able. For example, linguists should be prepared to argu…
A sex-specific linguistic feature in a European dialect
PETER MANSFIELD AND PETER TRUDGILLAbstractIt is widely believed that while sex-preferential linguistic differencesare common in European languages, sex-specific differences, if suchphenomena occur at all, are confined to languages spoken in non-strat-ified, pre-industrial societies. In this paper we report on a sex-specificallophonic feature currently to be found in a dialect of modern Greek.We suggest that this feature is the result of a particu…
Greek Dialect Vowel Systems, Vowel Dispersion Theory, and Sociolinguistic Typology
jgl 1 It seems to be agreed that relatively little research has been done on the vowels of Modern Greek
On the role of children, and the mechanical view
There is nothing controversial about Keller's assertion that human beings operate according to a powerful maxim which he renders as "Talk like the others talk." This is self-evidently true (although we could of course discuss precisely who "the others" might be). If it were not true, there would be, say, no local dialects. The fact that everyone who has grown up in the same community speaks in the same way therefore, in a sense, needs no discussi…
Shades of Things to Come
In Trudgill's 1983 follow-up of his 1968 urban dialect survey of Norwich, he showed that a labio-dental approximant pronunciation of /r/ which he had formerly dismissed as purely idiosyncratic, was actually early evidence of a sound change. Using this insight, the authors have taken present-day changes in New Zealand English and looked for evidence of them in an archive of recorded English spoken by New Zealanders born between the 1860s and 1890s…
The Last Yankee in the Pacific
On the isolated Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands in the western Pacific Ocean, the English language has been in use for close to two centuries. The first human residents arrived in 1830, and one individual from Massachusetts, in particular, left his progeny and his mark on island society. In this paper, we analyze tape recordings made in the 1970s of a speaker born (in 1881) and raised on the islands and demonstrate that his vowel system remarkably rese…
The Sociophonetics of /l/ in the Greek of Sphakiá
In most varieties of modern Greek, the consonant /l/ is typically a “clear” [l] in most environments, as in /ala/ [ala] αλλ⋯ ‘but’; but with positional variation involving also palatalised and/or palatal variants, as in /skili/ [skiļi] σχυλ⋯ ‘dog’. In a number of areas of northern Greece, velarised [⃒]-type pronunciations may also be found, as they may also be in those areas of Attica and Biotia where Albanian/Greek bilingualism is or has been co…
Variation Studies in Great Britain
Dialectology
The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich
One of the chief aims of this work is to investigate the co-variation of phonological and sociological variables. In order to measure this type of correlation, a record was first taken of each occurrence of all the variables in the four contextual styles for each informant. Index scores for each informant in each style could then be developed, and, subsequently, the mean index score for each social group calculated. [The following abbreviations a…
Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich
Women use linguistic forms associated with the prestige standard more frequently than men. One reason for this is that working-class speech has favourable connotations for male speakers. Favourable attitudes to non-standard speech are not normally expressed, however, and emerge only in inaccurate self-evaluation test responses. Patterns of sex differentiation deviating from the norm indicate that a linguistic change is taking place: standard form…
The imposed norm hypothesis
Previous work suggests that standard dialects assume their prestige over other language varieties not because they are linguistically or aesthetically superior, but because of historical, cultural norms. An empirical investigation lends this view support by showing that British listeners cannot differentiate evaluatively speech styles having distinct social meanings in Greece
Linguistic change and diffusion
Linguistic geography has remained relatively unaffected by recent developments in sociolinguistic theory and method and theoretical geography. In this paper it is argued that insights and techniques from both these disciplines will be of value in improving descriptions of geographical variation in language, and that these improvements will in turn lead to more adequate explanations for certain of the social and spatial characteristics of linguist…
Sociolinguistics. An Introduction
The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich
One of the chief aims of this work is to investigate the co-variation of phonological and sociological variables. In order to measure this type of correlation, a record was first taken of each occurrence of all the variables in the four contextual styles for each informant. Index scores for each informant in each style could then be developed, and, subsequently, the mean index score for each social group calculated. [The following abbreviations a…
Language in Society-Four Texts
Standard and Non-Standard Dialects of English in the United Kingdom
Article Standard and Non-Standard Dialects of English in the United Kingdom: Problems and Policies was published on January 1, 1979 in the journal International Journal of the Sociology of Language (volume 1979, issue 21)
Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English
British Dialects
The contribution of sociolinguistics to dialectology
English Accents and Dialects
Macro and Micro Sociolinguistics
Challenging Insular Traditions
Dialectology
International English
1. Standard English in the world 2. English, Australasian, South African and Welsh English 3. The pronunciation of Northern American English 4. English and North American English: grammatical, orthographical and lexical differences 5. Scottish and Irish English 6. West Indian English and English-based creoles 7. Lesser-known Englishes 8. Second language varieties of English
Varieties of the Language
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Applied Sociolinguistics
On Dialect
Language in the British Isles
Abstandsprache und Ausbausprache
Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science (HSK) 3/1
Sociolinguistics
In the course of the last 15 years, sociolinguistics (or the sociology of language) has established itself as an academic subject in many countries. The discipline promises to be of benefit in solving practical problems in such areas as language planning and standardization, language teaching and therapy, and language policy. Both research projects and publications and university teaching programmes in sociolinguistics now span such a wide field …
Dialects in Contact
This work accounts for the influence mutually intelligible dialects of a language have on one another when they come into contact. It examines linguisitic accommodation in face-to-face interaction and treats this phenomenon as crucial to an understanding of longer-term phenomena such as the geographical spread of linguistic features, the development of interdialect and the growth of new dialects
Norwich Revisited
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Variation Studies in Great Britain
Linguistics (61 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (57 obras) · Philosophy (57 obras) · History (37 obras) · Sociology (33 obras) · Computer Science (20 obras) · Geography (19 obras) · Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity (18 obras) · Multilingual Education and Policy (18 obras) · Linguistics and language evolution (17 obras)